生活能源、农村居民的健康风险和能源扶贫
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摘要
以固体燃料作为主要生活能源导致的室内空气污染是当前全球和中国面临的最重要的环境健康威胁。基于2014年中国劳动力动态调查数据,本文使用工具变量法考察了生活能源的使用对不同经济状况的农村居民健康风险影响的差异。结果发现:(1)以固体燃料作为做饭主要生活能源增加了农村居民的健康风险,但随着收入的增长,其带来的健康风险呈现下降趋势,低收入和贫困居民因使用固体燃料健康受损更严重;(2)贫困居民安装油烟机的概率更低,遭受油烟浓度更高和住房通风条件更差等可能是导致他们在使用固体燃料时遭受的健康风险比经济状况较好的居民更为严重的重要原因。农村扶贫需要改变以固体燃料为主的生活能源结构。
Indoor air pollution caused by incomplete combustion of solid fuels is the most important environmental health threat to not only China but the whole world. Based on the 2014 national survey, this paper examines the impact of cooking solid fuel on the health risks of rural residents using the instrumental variable method. The results show that:(1) Solid fuels have greatly increased the health risks of rural residents; however. However,as the rural residents' incomes increase, the health risks from solid fuels decline. Moreover, the poor suffer more from health risks.(2) Compared with other rural residents, the poor have a lower probability of installing hoods. Thus higher levels of soot and poor ventilation in their homesmay be the important reason whypoorer residents face more health risks than wealthier residents.Therefore, rural poverty alleviation needs to change the rural energy structure.
Indoor air pollution caused by incomplete combustion of solid fuels is the most important environmental health threat to not only China but the whole world. Based on the 2014 national survey, this paper examines the impact of cooking solid fuel on the health risks of rural residents using the instrumental variable method. The results show that:(1) Solid fuels have greatly increased the health risks of rural residents; however. However,as the rural residents' incomes increase, the health risks from solid fuels decline. Moreover, the poor suffer more from health risks.(2) Compared with other rural residents, the poor have a lower probability of installing hoods. Thus higher levels of soot and poor ventilation in their homesmay be the important reason whypoorer residents face more health risks than wealthier residents.Therefore, rural poverty alleviation needs to change the rural energy structure.
引文
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4.Tang X,Liao H.Energy poverty and solid fuels use in rural China:Analysis based on national population census.Energy for Sustainable Development.2014,23(23):122～129
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6.Zhang J J,Smith K R.Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China:measurements,health impacts,and interventions..Environmental Health Perspectives.2007,115(6):848～855
7.陈硕,陈婷.空气质量与公共健康:以火电厂二氧化硫排放为例.经济研究,2014(8):158～169
8.连玉君,黎文素,黄必红.子女外出务工对父母健康和生活满意度影响研究.经济学(季刊),2015(4):185～202
9.廖华,唐鑫,魏一鸣.能源贫困研究现状与展望.中国软科学,2015(8):58～71
10.潘杰,雷晓燕,刘国恩.医疗保险促进健康吗?——基于中国城镇居民基本医疗保险的实证分析.经济研究,2013(4):130～142
11.祁毓,卢洪友.污染、健康与不平等——跨越“环境健康贫困”陷阱.管理世界,2015(9):32～51
12.师华定,齐永青,刘韵.农村能源消费的环境效应研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2010(8):148～153
(1)新华网:http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2016-06/21/c_1119086988.htm
2.Duflo E,Greenstone M,Hanna R.Indoor air pollution,health and economic well～being.Surveys & Perspectives Integrating Environment & Society.2008(1):1～9
3.Grossman M.On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health.Journal of Political Economy.1972,80(2):223～255
4.Tang X,Liao H.Energy poverty and solid fuels use in rural China:Analysis based on national population census.Energy for Sustainable Development.2014,23(23):122～129
5.WHO.WHO guidelines for indoor air quality:household fuel combustion.2014
6.Zhang J J,Smith K R.Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China:measurements,health impacts,and interventions..Environmental Health Perspectives.2007,115(6):848～855
7.陈硕,陈婷.空气质量与公共健康:以火电厂二氧化硫排放为例.经济研究,2014(8):158～169
8.连玉君,黎文素,黄必红.子女外出务工对父母健康和生活满意度影响研究.经济学(季刊),2015(4):185～202
9.廖华,唐鑫,魏一鸣.能源贫困研究现状与展望.中国软科学,2015(8):58～71
10.潘杰,雷晓燕,刘国恩.医疗保险促进健康吗?——基于中国城镇居民基本医疗保险的实证分析.经济研究,2013(4):130～142
11.祁毓,卢洪友.污染、健康与不平等——跨越“环境健康贫困”陷阱.管理世界,2015(9):32～51
12.师华定,齐永青,刘韵.农村能源消费的环境效应研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2010(8):148～153
(1)新华网:http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2016-06/21/c_1119086988.htm