低温胁迫对栎黄枯叶蛾越冬卵发育和存活的影响
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摘要
【目的】明确低温胁迫对栎黄枯叶蛾(Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang)越冬卵发育和存活的影响,以便预测其发生范围并采取有效的防治措施。【方法】将栎黄枯叶蛾越冬卵在6个低温(-15,-20,-25,-30,-35和-40℃)条件下处理12,24和48h或在-30℃下处理不同时间(1,3,5,10,20,30,50d),每日观察卵的发育情况,统计卵的发育历期和存活率。【结果】低温胁迫强度和处理时间对栎黄枯叶蛾越冬卵的发育和存活有显著影响,随着温度的降低和处理时间的延长,越冬卵的发育历期延长,存活率降低。越冬卵在-35℃低温下分别处理12,24和48h后,其发育历期显著长于其他处理。当温度≤-30℃时,无论处理时间长短,越冬卵的存活率均大幅度下降。越冬卵处理12,24和48h的致死中温度分别为-33.45,-32.08和-30.69℃,-30℃下致死中时间为19.63d。【结论】栎黄枯叶蛾越冬卵的抗寒性较强,大部分可以安全越冬。
【Objective】Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang is a serious leaf-eating pest of Hippophae rhamnoides in recent years,and overwinters as eggs on branch and litter.This study determined the effect of low temperature stress on the development and survivorship of overwintering eggs of T.vishnou gigantina to forecast its distribution and scientific management.【Method】At a series of low temperatures(-15,-20,-25,-30,-35 and-40℃)at 12,24,and 48 h,or at-30℃for different periods(1,3,5,10,20,30 and 50 d),the development of the eggs were observed every day,and the survival rates and developmental periods of overwintering eggs of T.vishnou gigantina were investigated.【Result】Intensity and time of low temperature stress significantly affected the survival rates and developmental periods of overwintering eggs of T.vishnou gigantina.The survival rates declined and the developmental period extended with the decrease of temperature and the extension of time.The developmental duration of overwintering eggs prolonged significantly at-35℃for 12,24 and 48 h.The survival rates of overwintering eggs remarkably de-creased at temperatures ≤-30 ℃ regardless of the length of time.The lower half lethal temperatures(LT50)after 12,24 and 48 hexposures were-33.45,-32.08 and-30.69℃,respectively,and the half lethal time(Lt50)at-30 ℃ was 19.63 d.【Conclusion】The overwintering eggs of T.vishnou gigantina have strong cold hardiness,and most overwintering eggs may live through the winter.
【Objective】Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang is a serious leaf-eating pest of Hippophae rhamnoides in recent years,and overwinters as eggs on branch and litter.This study determined the effect of low temperature stress on the development and survivorship of overwintering eggs of T.vishnou gigantina to forecast its distribution and scientific management.【Method】At a series of low temperatures(-15,-20,-25,-30,-35 and-40℃)at 12,24,and 48 h,or at-30℃for different periods(1,3,5,10,20,30 and 50 d),the development of the eggs were observed every day,and the survival rates and developmental periods of overwintering eggs of T.vishnou gigantina were investigated.【Result】Intensity and time of low temperature stress significantly affected the survival rates and developmental periods of overwintering eggs of T.vishnou gigantina.The survival rates declined and the developmental period extended with the decrease of temperature and the extension of time.The developmental duration of overwintering eggs prolonged significantly at-35℃for 12,24 and 48 h.The survival rates of overwintering eggs remarkably de-creased at temperatures ≤-30 ℃ regardless of the length of time.The lower half lethal temperatures(LT50)after 12,24 and 48 hexposures were-33.45,-32.08 and-30.69℃,respectively,and the half lethal time(Lt50)at-30 ℃ was 19.63 d.【Conclusion】The overwintering eggs of T.vishnou gigantina have strong cold hardiness,and most overwintering eggs may live through the winter.
引文
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[8]刘永华,章一巧,阎雄飞,等.栎黄枯叶蛾对沙棘林的危害及生物学特性[J].植物保护,2013,3(2):147-151.Liu Y H,Zhang Y Q,Yan X F,et al.Damage and biological characteristic of Trabala vishnou gigantina(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Plant Protection,2013,3(2):147-151.
[9]刘永华,阎雄飞,章一巧,等.栎黄枯叶蛾羽化及生殖行为研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(5):1253-1259.Liu Y H,Yan X F,Zhang Y Q,et al.The eclosion and reproduction of Trabala vishnou gigantina(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2013,50(5):1253-1259.
[10]刘永华,章一巧,阎雄飞,等.栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫龄数的确定[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(5):1343-1349.Liu Y H,Zhang Y Q,Yan X F,et al.Determination of the larval instars of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2014,51(5):1343-1349.
[11]刘永华,阎雄飞,温冬梅,等.温度对栎黄枯叶蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(3):309-315.Liu Y H,Yan X F,Wen D M,et al.Effects of temperature on the growth,development and reproduction of Trabala vishnou gigantina(Lepidopetera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2016,59(3):309-315.
[12]刘永华,温冬梅,阎雄飞,等.栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫体色变化规律及生长发育特性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(3):126-130.Liu Y H,Wen D M,Yan X F,et al.Color change and growth characteristic of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang larvae[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2017,45(3):126-130.
[13]章一巧,刘永华,宗世祥,等.基于GS+的大黄枯叶蛾卵的空间分布关系[J].林业科学,2013,49(10):100-104.Zhang Y Q,Liu Y H,Zong S X,et al.Spatial distribution of Trabala vishnou gigantina eggs with GS+[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(10):100-104.
[14]章一巧,宗世祥,刘永华,等.陕西省栎黄枯叶蛾蛹的空间分布[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6308-6317.Zhang Y Q,Zong S X,Liu Y H,et al.Spatial distribution of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang pupae in Shaanxi Province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(20):6308-6317.
[15]温冬梅,刘永华,任利利,等.栎黄枯叶蛾生长发育与几种寄主内含物的关系[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(1):157-163.Wen D M,Liu Y H,Ren L L,et al.The effect of host plant species on the development of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2016,53(1):157-163.
[16]Wen D M,Yu L F,Liu Y H,et al.Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)larval fitness on six sympatric plant[J].Journal of Insect Behavior,2016,29(5):1-14.
[17]欧阳芳,戈峰.昆虫抗冻耐寒能力的测定与分析方法[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(6):1646-1652.Ouyang F,Ge F.Methodology of measuring and analyzing insect cold hardiness[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2014,51(6):1646-1652.
[18]高靖淳,周晓榕,庞保平,等.低温对沙葱萤叶甲越冬卵存活和发育的影响[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(8):881-886.Gao J C,Zhou X R,Pang B P,et al.Effects of low temperature on the survivorship and development of overwintering eggs of Galeruca daurica(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2015,58(8):881-886.
[19]李娜,周晓榕,庞保平.宽翅曲背蝗卵的过冷却能力与抗寒性[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):2099-2104.Li N,Zhou X R,Pang B P.Supercooling capacity and cold hardiness of the Pararcyplera microptera meridionalis(Orthoptera:Acrididae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(7):2099-2104.
[20]Jing X H,Kang L.Seasonal changes in the cold tolerance of eggs of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria(Orthoptera:Acrididae)[J].Environmental Entomology,2004,33(2):113-118.
[21]Ju R T,Xiao Y Y,Li B.Rapid cold hardening increases cold and chilling tolerances more than acclimation in the adults of the sycamore lace bug,Corythucha ciliate(Say)(Hemiptera:Tingidae)[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2011,57:1577-1582.
[22]Morey A C,Hutchison W D,Venette R C,et al.Cold hardiness of Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)pupae[J].Environmental Entomology,2012,41:172-179.
[23]李浩,周晓榕,庞保平,等.低温胁迫对沙葱萤叶甲幼虫过冷却能力及生长发育的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(2):434-439.Li H,Zhou X R,Pang B P,et al.Effects of low temperature stress on the supercooling capacity and development of Galeruca daurica Joannis larvae(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2015,52(2):434-439.
[24]Hahn D A,Denlinger D L.Energetics of insect diapause[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2011,56:103-121.
[25]梁瀚清,钟杨生,陈芳艳,等.昆虫滞育机制研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(20):84-89.Liang H Q,Zhong Y S,Chen F Y,et al.Research progress on insect diapause mechanism[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014,41(20):84-89.
[26]徐丽荣,何康来,王振营.不同寄主上桃蛀螟越冬幼虫体内生化物质变化与抗寒性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(1):197-204.Xu L R,He K L,Wang Z Y.Studies on variation in cold hardiness in relation to the in vivo water,lipid,and sugar content of Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2012,49(1):197-204.
[2]Campbell A,Frazer B D,Gilbert N,et al.Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1974,11(2):431-438.
[3]向玉勇,殷培峰,汪美英,等.金银花尺蠖发育起点温度和有效积温的研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(1):152-155.Xiang Y Y,Yin P F,Wang M Y,et al.Developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperature of Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2011,48(1):152-155.
[4]Bale J S.Cold hardiness and overwintering of insects[J].Agricultural Zoology Reviews,1989,3:157-192.
[5]同长寿.栎黄枯叶蛾的生活习性与防治初步研究[J].昆虫知识,1966,10(2):96-97.Tong C S.A preliminary study on Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang of life habit and control[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomolgy,1966,10(2):96-97.
[6]萧刚柔.中国森林昆虫[M].2版.北京:中国林业出版社,1992:981-983.Xiao G R.Forest entomology in China[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Forestry Press,1992:981-983.
[7]刘友樵,武春生.中国动物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:338-339.Liu Y J,Wu C S.Chinese journal of animal[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:338-339.
[8]刘永华,章一巧,阎雄飞,等.栎黄枯叶蛾对沙棘林的危害及生物学特性[J].植物保护,2013,3(2):147-151.Liu Y H,Zhang Y Q,Yan X F,et al.Damage and biological characteristic of Trabala vishnou gigantina(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Plant Protection,2013,3(2):147-151.
[9]刘永华,阎雄飞,章一巧,等.栎黄枯叶蛾羽化及生殖行为研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(5):1253-1259.Liu Y H,Yan X F,Zhang Y Q,et al.The eclosion and reproduction of Trabala vishnou gigantina(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2013,50(5):1253-1259.
[10]刘永华,章一巧,阎雄飞,等.栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫龄数的确定[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(5):1343-1349.Liu Y H,Zhang Y Q,Yan X F,et al.Determination of the larval instars of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2014,51(5):1343-1349.
[11]刘永华,阎雄飞,温冬梅,等.温度对栎黄枯叶蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(3):309-315.Liu Y H,Yan X F,Wen D M,et al.Effects of temperature on the growth,development and reproduction of Trabala vishnou gigantina(Lepidopetera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2016,59(3):309-315.
[12]刘永华,温冬梅,阎雄飞,等.栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫体色变化规律及生长发育特性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(3):126-130.Liu Y H,Wen D M,Yan X F,et al.Color change and growth characteristic of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang larvae[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2017,45(3):126-130.
[13]章一巧,刘永华,宗世祥,等.基于GS+的大黄枯叶蛾卵的空间分布关系[J].林业科学,2013,49(10):100-104.Zhang Y Q,Liu Y H,Zong S X,et al.Spatial distribution of Trabala vishnou gigantina eggs with GS+[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(10):100-104.
[14]章一巧,宗世祥,刘永华,等.陕西省栎黄枯叶蛾蛹的空间分布[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6308-6317.Zhang Y Q,Zong S X,Liu Y H,et al.Spatial distribution of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang pupae in Shaanxi Province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(20):6308-6317.
[15]温冬梅,刘永华,任利利,等.栎黄枯叶蛾生长发育与几种寄主内含物的关系[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(1):157-163.Wen D M,Liu Y H,Ren L L,et al.The effect of host plant species on the development of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2016,53(1):157-163.
[16]Wen D M,Yu L F,Liu Y H,et al.Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae)larval fitness on six sympatric plant[J].Journal of Insect Behavior,2016,29(5):1-14.
[17]欧阳芳,戈峰.昆虫抗冻耐寒能力的测定与分析方法[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(6):1646-1652.Ouyang F,Ge F.Methodology of measuring and analyzing insect cold hardiness[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2014,51(6):1646-1652.
[18]高靖淳,周晓榕,庞保平,等.低温对沙葱萤叶甲越冬卵存活和发育的影响[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(8):881-886.Gao J C,Zhou X R,Pang B P,et al.Effects of low temperature on the survivorship and development of overwintering eggs of Galeruca daurica(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2015,58(8):881-886.
[19]李娜,周晓榕,庞保平.宽翅曲背蝗卵的过冷却能力与抗寒性[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):2099-2104.Li N,Zhou X R,Pang B P.Supercooling capacity and cold hardiness of the Pararcyplera microptera meridionalis(Orthoptera:Acrididae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(7):2099-2104.
[20]Jing X H,Kang L.Seasonal changes in the cold tolerance of eggs of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria(Orthoptera:Acrididae)[J].Environmental Entomology,2004,33(2):113-118.
[21]Ju R T,Xiao Y Y,Li B.Rapid cold hardening increases cold and chilling tolerances more than acclimation in the adults of the sycamore lace bug,Corythucha ciliate(Say)(Hemiptera:Tingidae)[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2011,57:1577-1582.
[22]Morey A C,Hutchison W D,Venette R C,et al.Cold hardiness of Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)pupae[J].Environmental Entomology,2012,41:172-179.
[23]李浩,周晓榕,庞保平,等.低温胁迫对沙葱萤叶甲幼虫过冷却能力及生长发育的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(2):434-439.Li H,Zhou X R,Pang B P,et al.Effects of low temperature stress on the supercooling capacity and development of Galeruca daurica Joannis larvae(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2015,52(2):434-439.
[24]Hahn D A,Denlinger D L.Energetics of insect diapause[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2011,56:103-121.
[25]梁瀚清,钟杨生,陈芳艳,等.昆虫滞育机制研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(20):84-89.Liang H Q,Zhong Y S,Chen F Y,et al.Research progress on insect diapause mechanism[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014,41(20):84-89.
[26]徐丽荣,何康来,王振营.不同寄主上桃蛀螟越冬幼虫体内生化物质变化与抗寒性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(1):197-204.Xu L R,He K L,Wang Z Y.Studies on variation in cold hardiness in relation to the in vivo water,lipid,and sugar content of Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2012,49(1):197-204.