福州地区樟青凤蝶生物学特性
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摘要
采用室内饲养结合野外调查的方法,对福州地区樟青凤蝶(Graphium sarpedon Linnaeue)生物学特性进行观察和研究。结果表明,樟青凤蝶在福州地区的寄主植物种类和数量较多,分布广泛;主要以幼虫为害香樟、肉桂等树木的嫩叶及新梢,影响新叶萌发,降低其观赏效果。该虫1年发生5代,世代重叠现象明显,以蛹越冬,非越冬代平均历期60.5 d,越冬代平均历期136.5 d。卵期约5 d,常单卵产于香樟(Cinnamomum camphora Presl.)嫩叶;幼虫共5龄,历期26~30 d,食量随着龄级增加而增大;多于香樟叶背结蛹,蛹期约16 d,越冬蛹约92 d;成虫历期8~11 d,羽化率为87.5%。依据该虫在福州的危害情况编制其生活史表,为制定科学的防治策略提供依据。此外,饲养过程中还发现约8%的幼虫疑似感染病原而死亡,同时发现天敌广大腿小蜂(Brachymeria lasus Walker)寄生樟青凤蝶,自然寄生率约为3%,对自然种群的控制发挥了重要作用。
The morphological traits and biological characteristics of Graphium sarpedon were observed to provide some measures for IPM base on rearing indoor and field investigation. The results were as follows :There were broadly distributed host plant species infested by G. sarpedon in Fuzhou. The ornamental effect of ornamental trees such as C. camphora or C. cassia, were reduced due to leaves infestation of G. sarpedon larvae. This pest had 5 generations per year in Fuzhou and obviously overlapping generations with over-wintering pupa,the duration of one generation was 60.5 d while that of overwintering generation was 136.5 d. The mean duration of eggs was 5 d,and only single egg was laid by female moth on the younger leaf of C. camphora. Larvae had five instars with the mean duration 26~30 d,and feeding capacity increased with larval instar. Pupal stage approximately experienced 16 d while the overwintering duration of pupae was about 92 d on the leaf back. The longevity of moths was 8~11 d with 87.5% eclosion rate. To provide some helpful information for integrated pest management,life cycle table was made based on the dynamics of C. camphora in Fuzhou. In addition,there was roughly eight percent dead caterpillars partially due to entomopathogenic disease and parasitization by Brachymeria lasus Walker,which had 3% of natural parasitism rate,and both biotic factors played important roles to suppress population of C. camphora.
The morphological traits and biological characteristics of Graphium sarpedon were observed to provide some measures for IPM base on rearing indoor and field investigation. The results were as follows :There were broadly distributed host plant species infested by G. sarpedon in Fuzhou. The ornamental effect of ornamental trees such as C. camphora or C. cassia, were reduced due to leaves infestation of G. sarpedon larvae. This pest had 5 generations per year in Fuzhou and obviously overlapping generations with over-wintering pupa,the duration of one generation was 60.5 d while that of overwintering generation was 136.5 d. The mean duration of eggs was 5 d,and only single egg was laid by female moth on the younger leaf of C. camphora. Larvae had five instars with the mean duration 26~30 d,and feeding capacity increased with larval instar. Pupal stage approximately experienced 16 d while the overwintering duration of pupae was about 92 d on the leaf back. The longevity of moths was 8~11 d with 87.5% eclosion rate. To provide some helpful information for integrated pest management,life cycle table was made based on the dynamics of C. camphora in Fuzhou. In addition,there was roughly eight percent dead caterpillars partially due to entomopathogenic disease and parasitization by Brachymeria lasus Walker,which had 3% of natural parasitism rate,and both biotic factors played important roles to suppress population of C. camphora.
引文
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[2]江秀莲,郭建民,李士会,等.香樟树种植技术[J].北京农业,2015(29):59-60.
[3]王三宝.香樟生物学特性及主要病害防治措施[J].现代农业科技,2016(11):170,172.
[4]王平启,刘宵.樟青凤蝶的生物学特性及防治[J].农技服务,2009,26(11):65-66.
[5]夏明洋,梅爱华,王明.樟树主要食叶害虫种类及其防治技术[J].湖北林业科技,2016,45(3):86-88.
[6]刘永正,谢佩华.樟青凤蝶的初步研究[J].森林病虫通讯,1982(1):3-6.
[7]张勇生.樟青凤蝶形态特征、生物学特性及防治措施[J].安徽林业科技,2016,42(1):64-66.
[8]刘永华,章一巧,阎雄飞,等.栎黄枯叶蛾对沙棘林的危害及生物学特性[J].植物保护,2013,39(2):147-151,169.
[9]佘德松,冯福娟.木兰青凤蝶生物学特性研究[J].中国森林病虫,2003,22(6):17-20.
[10]DEY S,HOOROO R N K,WANKHAR D.Scanning electron microscopic studies of the external morphology of sensilla on the legs of a butterfly,Graphium sarpedon(Lepidoptera—Papillionidae)[J].Micron,1995,26(5):367-376.
[11]陈斌,和淑琪,张立敏,等.甘蔗间作玉米对亚洲玉米螟发生为害的控制作用[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(4):591-597.
[12]高珏晓,孟玲,李保平.广大腿小蜂对菜粉蝶蛹体型大小的产卵选择及后代发育表现[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(2):339-343.
[13]康晓霞,陈建,王常春,等.江淮棉区棉大卷叶螟主要寄生性天敌的寄生作用[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(5):663-666.
[14]陈顺立,林庆源,黄金聪.南方主要树种害虫综合治理[M].福建厦门:厦门大学出版社,2003.