“技术—市场”双重未知下的共性技术组合管理
|
摘要
双重未知是不确定性水平很高且技术和市场都未知的情形,在这种情形下企业可以组织新探索、创建新的绩效方案并为组合构建指明方向。文章以意法半导体为对象,采用多案例定性研究法,分析了双重未知情形下的共性技术组合管理。研究结果表明:共性技术组合管理是高度横向的,包括建立技术平台并创建模块来处理互补性市场;共性技术设计需要"跨应用管理者"的作用,该管理角色能够在不同业务和研发部门中开发创新概念,并负责在企业内构建和管理技术—市场探索组合,在项目组合中创建相关性并维持平衡。文章通过共性技术设计的视角可以为处于双重未知下的企业不确定性管理提供一定的借鉴。
Dual unknown refers to that the level of uncertainty is high and both technology and markets are yet unknown,in which case companies can organize novel discoveries,create new performance and give direction to portfolio structuring. By using the multiple-case qualitative research methodology,this paper investigates the portfolio management for general-purpose technology in dual unknown situation for STMicroelectronics. The research result shows that,firstly,portfolio management for general-purpose technologies is highly transversal,which comprises creating technological platform and modules to address market complementarities;secondly,the design of general-purpose technologies requires a managerial role-"cross-application managers"who are able to develop innovative concepts in different business and research groups,able to structure and manage technological and marketing exploration portfolios and create interdependencies within a portfolio. This paper can provide some implications for companies' uncertainty management in dual unknown situation from the perspective of the design of general-purpose technologies.
Dual unknown refers to that the level of uncertainty is high and both technology and markets are yet unknown,in which case companies can organize novel discoveries,create new performance and give direction to portfolio structuring. By using the multiple-case qualitative research methodology,this paper investigates the portfolio management for general-purpose technology in dual unknown situation for STMicroelectronics. The research result shows that,firstly,portfolio management for general-purpose technologies is highly transversal,which comprises creating technological platform and modules to address market complementarities;secondly,the design of general-purpose technologies requires a managerial role-"cross-application managers"who are able to develop innovative concepts in different business and research groups,able to structure and manage technological and marketing exploration portfolios and create interdependencies within a portfolio. This paper can provide some implications for companies' uncertainty management in dual unknown situation from the perspective of the design of general-purpose technologies.
引文
[1]PETIT Y.Project portfolios in dynamic environments:Organizing for uncertainty[J].International Journal of Project Management,2012,30(5):539-553.
[2]HEISING W.The integration of ideation and project portfolio management-A key factor for sustainable success[J].International Journal of Project Management,2012,30(5):582-595.
[3]GERALDI J G.The balance between order and chaos in multi-project firms:A conceptual model[J].International Journal of Project Management,2008,26(4):348-356.
[4]LOCH C H,SOLT M E,BAILEY E M.Diagnosing unforeseeable uncertainty in a new venture[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010,25(1):28-46.
[5]MEYER A D,LOCH C H,PICH M T.Managing project uncertainty:From variation to chaos[J].IEEE Engineering Management Review,2002,30(3):91-97.
[6]董静,苟燕楠,封洁.基于不确定性和复杂性的创新项目管理模式研究[J].科研管理,2006,27(3):103-109.
[7]O’CONNOR G C,RICE M P.New market creation for breakthrough innovations:Enabling and constraining mechanisms[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,30(2):209-227.
[8]MAINE E,THOMAS V J,UTTERBACK J.Radical innovation from the confluence of technologies:Innovation management strategies for the emerging nanobiotechnology industry[J].Journal of Engineering&Technology Management,2014,32(2):1-25.
[9]GAWER A.Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms:Toward an integrative framework[J].Research Policy,2014,43(7):1239-1249.
[10]陈通,任登魁,朱玲玲.我国政府投资项目管理新机制的实践与创新研究[J].管理世界,2015(4):178-179.
[11]OLSSON R.Risk management in a multi-project environment[J].International Journal of Quality&Reliability Management,2013,25(1):60-71.
[12]LEE W.Risk-based asset allocation:a new answer to an old question?[J].Journal of Portfolio Management,2011,37(4):11-28.
[13]TELLER J,KOCK A.An empirical investigation on how portfolio risk management influences project portfolio success[J].International Journal of Project Management,2013,31(6):817-829.
[14]PETIT Y,HOBBS B.Project portfolios in dynamic environments:Sources of uncertainty and sensing mechanisms[J].Project Management Journal,2010,41(4):46-58.
[15]哈尔·瓦里安.高级微观经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2010:131-133.
[16]VOSS M,KOCK A.Impact of relationship value on project portfolio success-Investigating the moderating effects of portfolio characteristics and external turbulence[J].International Journal of Project Management,2013,31(6):847-861.
[17]曹勇,孙合林,蒋振宇,等.新产品开发模糊前端的不确定性管理模型[J].中国科技论坛,2015(3):54-59.
[18]耿明斋.投资学[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2016:22-25.
[19]CARLSSON C.A fuzzy approach to R&D project portfolio selection[J].International Journal of Approximate Reasoning,2007,44(2):93-105.
[20]ORIANI R,SOBRERO M.Uncertainty and the market valuation of R&D within a real options logic[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,29(4):343-361.
[21]HUCHZERMEIER A,LOCH C H.Project management under risk:using the real options approach to evaluate flexibility in R&D[J].Management Science,2001,47(1):85-101.
[22]WOUTERS M,ROORDA B,GAL R.Managing uncertainty during R&D projects:A case Study[J].Research-Technology Management,2015,54(2):37-46.
[23]KILLEN C P,CAI K.Understanding project interdependencies:The role of visual representation,culture and process[J].International Journal of Project Management,2012,30(5):554-566.
[24]EILAT H,GOLANY B,SHTUB A.Constructing and evaluating balanced portfolios of R&D projects with interactions:a DEA based methodology[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2006,172(3):1018-1039.
[25]FLEMING L.Breakthroughs and the long tail of innovation[J].Mit Sloan Management Review,2007,49(1):69-74.
[26]GILLIER T,PIAT G.Exploring Over:The presumed identity of emerging technology[J].Creativity&Innovation Management,2011,20(4):238-252.
[27]MARTINSUO M.Project portfolio management in practice and in context[J].International Journal of Project Management,2013,31(6):794-803.
[28]KOCK A,GEMüNDEN H G,SALOMO S,et al.The mixed blessings of technological innovativeness for the commercial success of new products[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2011,28(S1):28-43.
[29]MESKENDAHL S.The influence of business strategy on project portfolio management and its success-A conceptual framework[J].International Journal of Project Management,2010,28(8):807-817.
[30]刘洪民,姜黎辉,王中魁.制造业共性技术研发的知识管理评价体系构建[J].科研管理,2016,37(S1):379-386.
[31]罗晨阳,丁堃,潘明湃,等.“官助民办”技术平台商业模式演化机制研究[J].科学学研究,2017,35(3):354-363.
[32]MAINE E,GARNSEY E.Commercializing general-purpose technology:The case of advanced materials ventures[J].Research Policy,2011,35(3):375-393.
[33]吕一博,蓝清,韩少杰.开放式创新生态系统的成长基因——基于iOS、Android和Symbian的多案例研究[J].中国工业经济,2015(5):148-160.
[34]姚明明,吴晓波,石涌江,等.技术追赶视角下商业模式设计与技术创新战略的匹配——一个多案例研究[J].管理世界,2014(10):149-162.
[35]PASCAL L M,BENOIT W,ARMAND H,et al.Why aren’t they locked in waiting games?unlocking rules and the ecology of concepts in the semiconductor industry[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2012,24(6):617-630.
[36]BAUM J A C,DOBBIN F.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J].Journal of Management,2016,17(1):3-10.
[37]朱丽叶·M·科宾,安塞尔姆·L·施特劳斯.质性研究的基础:形成扎根理论的程序与方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2015:97-99.
[38]KOKSHAGINA O,MASSON P L,WEIL B,et al.Platform emergence in double unknown:common unknown strategy[M].London:Springer,2013:91-120.
[39]梁琴琴,赵志耘,赵蕴华.全球MEMS传感器技术创新现状与趋势——基于2000-2014年专利分析[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(10):165-169.
[40]GHOBADI S,D’AMBRA J.Modeling high-quality knowledge sharing in cross-functional software development teams[J].Information Processing&Management,2013,49(1):138-157.
[2]HEISING W.The integration of ideation and project portfolio management-A key factor for sustainable success[J].International Journal of Project Management,2012,30(5):582-595.
[3]GERALDI J G.The balance between order and chaos in multi-project firms:A conceptual model[J].International Journal of Project Management,2008,26(4):348-356.
[4]LOCH C H,SOLT M E,BAILEY E M.Diagnosing unforeseeable uncertainty in a new venture[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010,25(1):28-46.
[5]MEYER A D,LOCH C H,PICH M T.Managing project uncertainty:From variation to chaos[J].IEEE Engineering Management Review,2002,30(3):91-97.
[6]董静,苟燕楠,封洁.基于不确定性和复杂性的创新项目管理模式研究[J].科研管理,2006,27(3):103-109.
[7]O’CONNOR G C,RICE M P.New market creation for breakthrough innovations:Enabling and constraining mechanisms[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,30(2):209-227.
[8]MAINE E,THOMAS V J,UTTERBACK J.Radical innovation from the confluence of technologies:Innovation management strategies for the emerging nanobiotechnology industry[J].Journal of Engineering&Technology Management,2014,32(2):1-25.
[9]GAWER A.Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms:Toward an integrative framework[J].Research Policy,2014,43(7):1239-1249.
[10]陈通,任登魁,朱玲玲.我国政府投资项目管理新机制的实践与创新研究[J].管理世界,2015(4):178-179.
[11]OLSSON R.Risk management in a multi-project environment[J].International Journal of Quality&Reliability Management,2013,25(1):60-71.
[12]LEE W.Risk-based asset allocation:a new answer to an old question?[J].Journal of Portfolio Management,2011,37(4):11-28.
[13]TELLER J,KOCK A.An empirical investigation on how portfolio risk management influences project portfolio success[J].International Journal of Project Management,2013,31(6):817-829.
[14]PETIT Y,HOBBS B.Project portfolios in dynamic environments:Sources of uncertainty and sensing mechanisms[J].Project Management Journal,2010,41(4):46-58.
[15]哈尔·瓦里安.高级微观经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2010:131-133.
[16]VOSS M,KOCK A.Impact of relationship value on project portfolio success-Investigating the moderating effects of portfolio characteristics and external turbulence[J].International Journal of Project Management,2013,31(6):847-861.
[17]曹勇,孙合林,蒋振宇,等.新产品开发模糊前端的不确定性管理模型[J].中国科技论坛,2015(3):54-59.
[18]耿明斋.投资学[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2016:22-25.
[19]CARLSSON C.A fuzzy approach to R&D project portfolio selection[J].International Journal of Approximate Reasoning,2007,44(2):93-105.
[20]ORIANI R,SOBRERO M.Uncertainty and the market valuation of R&D within a real options logic[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,29(4):343-361.
[21]HUCHZERMEIER A,LOCH C H.Project management under risk:using the real options approach to evaluate flexibility in R&D[J].Management Science,2001,47(1):85-101.
[22]WOUTERS M,ROORDA B,GAL R.Managing uncertainty during R&D projects:A case Study[J].Research-Technology Management,2015,54(2):37-46.
[23]KILLEN C P,CAI K.Understanding project interdependencies:The role of visual representation,culture and process[J].International Journal of Project Management,2012,30(5):554-566.
[24]EILAT H,GOLANY B,SHTUB A.Constructing and evaluating balanced portfolios of R&D projects with interactions:a DEA based methodology[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2006,172(3):1018-1039.
[25]FLEMING L.Breakthroughs and the long tail of innovation[J].Mit Sloan Management Review,2007,49(1):69-74.
[26]GILLIER T,PIAT G.Exploring Over:The presumed identity of emerging technology[J].Creativity&Innovation Management,2011,20(4):238-252.
[27]MARTINSUO M.Project portfolio management in practice and in context[J].International Journal of Project Management,2013,31(6):794-803.
[28]KOCK A,GEMüNDEN H G,SALOMO S,et al.The mixed blessings of technological innovativeness for the commercial success of new products[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2011,28(S1):28-43.
[29]MESKENDAHL S.The influence of business strategy on project portfolio management and its success-A conceptual framework[J].International Journal of Project Management,2010,28(8):807-817.
[30]刘洪民,姜黎辉,王中魁.制造业共性技术研发的知识管理评价体系构建[J].科研管理,2016,37(S1):379-386.
[31]罗晨阳,丁堃,潘明湃,等.“官助民办”技术平台商业模式演化机制研究[J].科学学研究,2017,35(3):354-363.
[32]MAINE E,GARNSEY E.Commercializing general-purpose technology:The case of advanced materials ventures[J].Research Policy,2011,35(3):375-393.
[33]吕一博,蓝清,韩少杰.开放式创新生态系统的成长基因——基于iOS、Android和Symbian的多案例研究[J].中国工业经济,2015(5):148-160.
[34]姚明明,吴晓波,石涌江,等.技术追赶视角下商业模式设计与技术创新战略的匹配——一个多案例研究[J].管理世界,2014(10):149-162.
[35]PASCAL L M,BENOIT W,ARMAND H,et al.Why aren’t they locked in waiting games?unlocking rules and the ecology of concepts in the semiconductor industry[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2012,24(6):617-630.
[36]BAUM J A C,DOBBIN F.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J].Journal of Management,2016,17(1):3-10.
[37]朱丽叶·M·科宾,安塞尔姆·L·施特劳斯.质性研究的基础:形成扎根理论的程序与方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2015:97-99.
[38]KOKSHAGINA O,MASSON P L,WEIL B,et al.Platform emergence in double unknown:common unknown strategy[M].London:Springer,2013:91-120.
[39]梁琴琴,赵志耘,赵蕴华.全球MEMS传感器技术创新现状与趋势——基于2000-2014年专利分析[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(10):165-169.
[40]GHOBADI S,D’AMBRA J.Modeling high-quality knowledge sharing in cross-functional software development teams[J].Information Processing&Management,2013,49(1):138-157.