紫菜苔叶片和茎杆花青素含量的遗传分析
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摘要
【目的】探索紫菜苔叶片和茎杆花青素含量的遗传规律,为紫色白菜的育种或改良提供理论指导。【方法】以紫菜薹(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpuraria,AA,2n=20)纯系育种材料与菜心(B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.utilis,AA,2n=20)为亲本,构建F1、F_2、BC1P1(B1)和BC1P2(B2)群体,对双亲及上述各群体植株苗期叶片和蕾苔期茎杆的花青素含量进行测定,并通过六世代联合分离分析方法,研究叶片和茎杆中花青素的遗传规律。【结果】紫菜苔(P1)整株表现深紫色,其叶片和茎杆中花青素含量分别为(24.27±4.14)mg/kg和(64.22±7.84)mg/kg;而菜心(P2)整株表现绿色,叶片和茎杆中花青素含量分别为(13.02±2.43)mg/kg和(2.58±0.48)mg/kg;杂种F1代叶片表现为浅紫色,而茎杆表现为微紫色,叶片和茎杆中花青素平均含量分别为(15.73±2.50)mg/kg和(24.20±1.00)mg/kg。各分离世代中,叶片和茎杆花青素含量均呈多峰或偏锋分布,符合具有主基因控制的数量性状分布规律。六世代分析中,叶片和茎杆花青素含量遗传的最适模型分别为2MG-ADI和MX2-ADI-ADI,表明叶片和茎杆花青素含量均受两对加性-显性-上位主基因控制,另外茎杆花青素含量也受多基因的影响。控制叶片和茎杆花青素的主基因均在F_2群体中具有较高的遗传率,受环境影响较小。【结论】紫菜薹叶片和茎杆花青素的遗传均受2对主基因影响,主基因在F_2中的遗传率较高,因此适宜从F_2及自交后代中进行紫色植株的选育。
【Objective】The present study investigated the inheritance of anthocyanin contents in leaf and stem of Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpuraria(AA,2 n=20)to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding and improvement of purple B.rapa.【Method】B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpuraria is one of the typical purple vegetables in B.campestris L.(genome AA,2 n=20).One B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpuraria line(P_1)and one B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.utilis line(P2)were used to construct F_1,F_2,BC_1 P_1(B_1)and BC_1 P_2(B_2)populations.The anthocyanin contents of seedling leaf and bolting stem were measured in these populations and the two patents.Then,the six-generation joint segregation analysis was conducted to investigated the inheritance for leaf and stem anthocyanin contents.【Result】The whole plant of P_1 exhibited deep purple with anthocyanin contents of(24.27±4.14)mg/kg and(64.22±7.84)mg/kg in leaf and stem,respectively.While P2 showed green color,with anthocyanin contents of(13.02±2.43)mg/kg and(2.58±0.48)mg/kg in leaf and stem,respectively.The hybrid F1 showed light purple,with anthocyanin contents of(15.73±2.50)mg/kg and(24.20±1.00)mg/kg in leaf and stem,respectively.In all segregating generations,leaf and stem anthocyanin displayed asymmetry peaks or multimodal distributions,suggesting aquantitative trait nature.The optimal genetic models for leaf and stem anthocyanin were 2 MG-ADI and MX2-ADI-ADI,respectively.The leaf anthocyanin content was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic interaction,while the stem anthocyanin content was controlled by both the two major genes in additive-dominant-epistatic interaction and polygenes.The major genes controlling leaf and stem anthocyanin contents exhibited high heritability in F_2 generation,suggesting very limited environmental influence on the two traits in this population.【Conclusion】The leaf and stem anthocyanin contents are mainly controlled by two major genes with high inheritance in the F_2 generation,thus it is suitable to screen purple plants from the F_2 population and its self-offspring.
【Objective】The present study investigated the inheritance of anthocyanin contents in leaf and stem of Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpuraria(AA,2 n=20)to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding and improvement of purple B.rapa.【Method】B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpuraria is one of the typical purple vegetables in B.campestris L.(genome AA,2 n=20).One B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpuraria line(P_1)and one B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.utilis line(P2)were used to construct F_1,F_2,BC_1 P_1(B_1)and BC_1 P_2(B_2)populations.The anthocyanin contents of seedling leaf and bolting stem were measured in these populations and the two patents.Then,the six-generation joint segregation analysis was conducted to investigated the inheritance for leaf and stem anthocyanin contents.【Result】The whole plant of P_1 exhibited deep purple with anthocyanin contents of(24.27±4.14)mg/kg and(64.22±7.84)mg/kg in leaf and stem,respectively.While P2 showed green color,with anthocyanin contents of(13.02±2.43)mg/kg and(2.58±0.48)mg/kg in leaf and stem,respectively.The hybrid F1 showed light purple,with anthocyanin contents of(15.73±2.50)mg/kg and(24.20±1.00)mg/kg in leaf and stem,respectively.In all segregating generations,leaf and stem anthocyanin displayed asymmetry peaks or multimodal distributions,suggesting aquantitative trait nature.The optimal genetic models for leaf and stem anthocyanin were 2 MG-ADI and MX2-ADI-ADI,respectively.The leaf anthocyanin content was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic interaction,while the stem anthocyanin content was controlled by both the two major genes in additive-dominant-epistatic interaction and polygenes.The major genes controlling leaf and stem anthocyanin contents exhibited high heritability in F_2 generation,suggesting very limited environmental influence on the two traits in this population.【Conclusion】The leaf and stem anthocyanin contents are mainly controlled by two major genes with high inheritance in the F_2 generation,thus it is suitable to screen purple plants from the F_2 population and its self-offspring.
引文
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[16]张德双,张凤兰,余阳俊,等.紫色大白菜育种思路初探[J].长江蔬菜,2008(18):14-17.Zhang D S,Zhang F L,Yu Y J,et al.Initial study on breeding of purple Chinese Cabbage[J].Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,2008(18):14-17.
[17]张德双,汪维红,张凤兰,等.大白菜橘红色和紫色遗传分析[J].中国蔬菜,2011(18):25-29.Zhang D S,Wang W H,Zhang F L,et al.Genetic relationship between Chinese Cabbage with orange color in inner head and purple color in leaf[J].China Vegetables,2011(18):25-29.
[18]刘瑾,汪维红,张德双,等.控制白菜叶片紫色的pur基因初步定位[J].华北农学报,2013,28(1):49-53.Liu J,Wang W H,Zhang D S,et al.Primary mapping of pur,agene controlling purple leaf color in Brassica rapa[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2013,28(1):49-53.
[19]张明科.大白菜紫色性状的分子标记与QTL定位研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.Zhang M K.The molecular mariners and QTL location of chinese cabbage purple trait[D].Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,2008.
[20]朱红芳,李晓锋,朱玉英,等.不结球白菜紫色叶片花青素相对含量的遗传分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(31):141-146.Zhu H F,Li X F,Zhu Y Y,et al.Inheritance of anthocyanin contents in purple leaves of non-heading Chiness Cabbage[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(31):141-146.
[21]张成合,刘传斌,任艳蕊,等.结球甘蓝叶色(紫/绿)的遗传分析和基因定位[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(2):346-350.Zhang C H,Liu C B,Ren Y R,et al.Genetic analysis and gene localizationofleaf color(purple/green)in Heading Cabbage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(2):346-350.
[2]贾赵东,马佩勇,边小峰,等.植物花青素合成代谢途径及其分子调控[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(7):1496-1506.Jia Z D,Ma P Y,Bian X F,et al.Biosynthesis metabolic pathway and molecular regulation of plants anthocyanin[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(7):1496-1506.
[3]唐忠厚,周丽.花青素对人类健康影响的研究进展及其前景[J].食品研究与开发,2009,30(7):159-162.Tang Z H,Zhou L.Study on anthocyanins influencing on human health and its prospect[J].Food Research and Development,2009,30(7):159-162.
[4]郭宁,郑姝宁,武剑,等.紫菜薹、紫色芜菁和紫色白菜花青苷分析[J].园艺学报,2014,41(8):1707-1715.Guo N,Zheng S N,Wu J,et al.The anthocyanin metabolic profiling analysis of three purple Brassica rapa vegetables[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2014,41(8):1707-1715.
[5]吴俊清,赵静,秦美玲,等.大白菜紫心性状遗传规律分析及其基因初步定位[J].园艺学报,2016,43(6):1079-1088.Wu J Q,Zhao J,Qin M L,et al.Genetic analysis and primary mapping of the purple gene in Purple Heading Chinese Cabbage[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2016,43(6):1079-1088.
[6]孙日飞,张淑江,章时蕃,等.紫红色大白菜种质的创新研究[J].园艺学报,2006,33(5):1032.Sun R F,Zhang S J,Zhang S F,et al.Purple cabbage germplasm innovation research[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2006,33(5):1032.
[7]黄泽素,王通强,杨晓容,等.甘蓝型油菜紫红叶标记性状的遗传研究[J].贵州农业科学,2005,33(4):8-9.Huang Z S,Wang T Q,Yang X R,et al.Heredity of aubergine leaf marker character in Brassica napus[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2005,33(4):8-9.
[8]张明科,张鲁刚,巩振辉,等.白菜紫色性状RAPD连锁标记的筛选与染色体定位研究[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(5):901-906.Zhang M K,Zhang L G,Gong Z H,et al.Screening RAPD markers linked to purple trait of Chinese Cabbage and its chromosome location[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2008,28(5):901-906.
[9]周清元,崔翠,阴涛,等.甘蓝型油菜角果长度的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型[J].作物学报,2014,40(8):1493-1500.Zhou Q Y,Cui C,Yin T,et al.Genetic analysis of silique length using mixture model of major gene plus polygene in Brassica napus[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(8):1493-1500.
[10]魏昕,李丽华,王娟,等.玉米丝裂病发生的数量遗传分析[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(8):2235-2240.Wei X,Li L H,Wang J,et al.Quantitative genetic analysis of silk cut in maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(8):2235-2240.
[11]李余生,朱镇,张亚东,等.水稻稻曲病抗性的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析[J].作物学报,2008,34(10):1728-1733.Li Y S,Zhu Z,Zhang Y D,et al.Genetic analysis of rice false sumt resistance using major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(10):1728-1733.
[12]Fuleki T,Francis F J.Quantitative methods for ACYS:Ⅰ.extraction and detemination of total ACY in cranberries[J].Journal of Food Science,1968,33(1):72-77.
[13]刘兵.植物数量性状分离分析Windows软件包SEA的研制[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.Liu B.SEA:a software package of segregation analysis of quantitative traits in plants[D].Nanjing:Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2013.
[14]章元明,盖钧镒.数量性状分离分析中分布参数估计的IECM算法[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):699-706.Zhang Y M,Gai J Y.The IECM algorithm for estimation of component distribution parameters in segregating analysis of quantitative traits[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2000,26(6):699-706.
[15]章元明.植物数量遗传学的建立、发展与展望[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(5):19-24.Zhang Y M.Establishment,development and prospects of quantitative genetics in plant[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2012,35(5):19-24.
[16]张德双,张凤兰,余阳俊,等.紫色大白菜育种思路初探[J].长江蔬菜,2008(18):14-17.Zhang D S,Zhang F L,Yu Y J,et al.Initial study on breeding of purple Chinese Cabbage[J].Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,2008(18):14-17.
[17]张德双,汪维红,张凤兰,等.大白菜橘红色和紫色遗传分析[J].中国蔬菜,2011(18):25-29.Zhang D S,Wang W H,Zhang F L,et al.Genetic relationship between Chinese Cabbage with orange color in inner head and purple color in leaf[J].China Vegetables,2011(18):25-29.
[18]刘瑾,汪维红,张德双,等.控制白菜叶片紫色的pur基因初步定位[J].华北农学报,2013,28(1):49-53.Liu J,Wang W H,Zhang D S,et al.Primary mapping of pur,agene controlling purple leaf color in Brassica rapa[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2013,28(1):49-53.
[19]张明科.大白菜紫色性状的分子标记与QTL定位研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.Zhang M K.The molecular mariners and QTL location of chinese cabbage purple trait[D].Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,2008.
[20]朱红芳,李晓锋,朱玉英,等.不结球白菜紫色叶片花青素相对含量的遗传分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(31):141-146.Zhu H F,Li X F,Zhu Y Y,et al.Inheritance of anthocyanin contents in purple leaves of non-heading Chiness Cabbage[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(31):141-146.
[21]张成合,刘传斌,任艳蕊,等.结球甘蓝叶色(紫/绿)的遗传分析和基因定位[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(2):346-350.Zhang C H,Liu C B,Ren Y R,et al.Genetic analysis and gene localizationofleaf color(purple/green)in Heading Cabbage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(2):346-350.