辐照提高人工湿地美人蕉抗寒性及其越冬效果研究
|
摘要
植物是人工湿地的重要组成部分,但大多数湿地植物在低温环境下不能生存,微生物活性受到抑制,导致人工湿地低温应用受到限制。研究将辐照育种的手段应用于湿地植物,以提高其抗寒性。研究采用25、45、60和80 Gy的γ射线对美人蕉(Canna indica L.)种子进行辐照,剂量率为6 Gy/min,待幼苗长出后进行阶段性降温培养,并评价各组抗寒性。结果表明:在低温下,辐照幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均高于对照组。对照组丙二醛(MDA)在低温下大量积累,且含量显著高于辐照组。在低温条件下,幼苗脯氨酸、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量高于对照组。辐照组抗寒性得分高于对照组, 45Gy组得分最高。随后将最佳辐照处理的美人蕉种植于人工湿地,对其冬季净化效果进行评估,评价指标包括:总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)。结果发现, 45 Gy辐照组人工湿地的冬季TP去除率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,辐照处理能够有效提高美人蕉的抗寒性,并提高人工湿地冬季净化效果。
In this study, the method of irradiation breeding was applied to wetland plants in order to improve its cold resistance. Herein, 25, 45, 60 and 80 Gy doses of gamma ray were used to irradiate Canna indica Linn(CIL) seeds, and the dose rate was 6 Gy/min. After CIL seeds were grown up, they were exposed to a low temperature stage, and their cold hardiness was accordingly evaluated. The results showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in irradiated CIL seeds were higher than that of the control group. Malondialdehyde(MDA) in control group accumulated in large quantities under low temperature, which was higher than that of the irradiation treatment group. Besides, at low temperature, the content of proline, the total soluble sugar, and protein of irradiated seedlings were totally higher than that of the control group. The score of cold resistance in irradiated group was also higher than that of the control group, and the 45 Gy dose of gamma ray group showed the highest score. Moreover,CIL with the strongest cold resistance was planted in the constructed wetland to evaluate its purification effect in winter, and evaluation indexes were total phosphorus(TP), total nitrogen(TN), and chemical oxygen demand(COD).Results revealed that the removal rate of TP in the group of CIL in constructed wetland by using 45 Gy dose of gamma ray was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). It can be concluded that irradiation treatment can effectively improve the cold resistance of CIL and enhance the effect of artificial wetland purification in winter.
In this study, the method of irradiation breeding was applied to wetland plants in order to improve its cold resistance. Herein, 25, 45, 60 and 80 Gy doses of gamma ray were used to irradiate Canna indica Linn(CIL) seeds, and the dose rate was 6 Gy/min. After CIL seeds were grown up, they were exposed to a low temperature stage, and their cold hardiness was accordingly evaluated. The results showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in irradiated CIL seeds were higher than that of the control group. Malondialdehyde(MDA) in control group accumulated in large quantities under low temperature, which was higher than that of the irradiation treatment group. Besides, at low temperature, the content of proline, the total soluble sugar, and protein of irradiated seedlings were totally higher than that of the control group. The score of cold resistance in irradiated group was also higher than that of the control group, and the 45 Gy dose of gamma ray group showed the highest score. Moreover,CIL with the strongest cold resistance was planted in the constructed wetland to evaluate its purification effect in winter, and evaluation indexes were total phosphorus(TP), total nitrogen(TN), and chemical oxygen demand(COD).Results revealed that the removal rate of TP in the group of CIL in constructed wetland by using 45 Gy dose of gamma ray was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). It can be concluded that irradiation treatment can effectively improve the cold resistance of CIL and enhance the effect of artificial wetland purification in winter.
引文
[1]Liang X,He F,Xu D,et al.Plant function and selection for constructed wetlands[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(1):131-138[梁雪,贺锋,徐栋,等.人工湿地植物的功能与选择.水生态学杂志,2012,33(1):131-138]
[2]Wang R,Baldy V,Périssol C,et al.Influence of plants on microbial activity in a vertical-downflow wetland system treating waste activated sludge with high organic matter concentrations[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,95(2):S158-S164
[3]Li F P,Wei H Y,Ma Z,et al.Research progress of selection of plants for constructed wetlands and effect of plants’purification on sewage[J].Wetland Science,2017,15(6):849-854[李峰平,魏红阳,马喆,等.人工湿地植物的选择及植物净化污水作用研究进展.湿地科学,2017,15(6):849-854]
[4]Xiang X M,Song C,Zhou J T,et al.Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:progress,problem and improving measures[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,29(10):101-102[项学敏,宋晨,周集体,等.人工湿地水处理技术研究进展存在问题与改进.环境科学与技术,2006,29(10):101-102]
[5]Chen Y H,Wu X F,Hao J,et al.Selection and purification potential evaluation of woody plant in vertical flow constructed wetlands in the subtropical area[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(2):585-591[陈永华,吴晓芙,郝君,等.亚热带地区潜流人工湿地木本植物筛选与净化潜力评价.环境科学,2014,35(2):585-591]
[6]He L P,Chen J,Yang F L,et al.Study on pollutant removal efficiency of constructed wetland affected by seasonal changes and plant growth conditions[J].Environmental Engineering,2014,32(s1):221-224[和丽萍,陈静,杨逢乐,等.季节变化及植物生长对人工湿地处理效率的影响.环境工程,2014,32(s1):221-224]
[7]Cookson W R,Cornforth I S,Rowarth J S.Winter soiltemperature(2-15 C)effects on nitrogen transformations in clover green manure amended or unamended soils;a laboratory and field study[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34(10):1401-1415
[8]Werker A G,Dougherty J M,Mchenry J L,et al.Treatment variability for wetland wastewater treatment design in cold climates[J].Ecological Engineering,2002,19(1):1-11
[9]Wu L M,Zhang X C.Research of different doses of 60Co-γrays and Fe+on biological characteristics and phytophthora infestans(mont)of tomatoes[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(15):131-139[武利明,张喜春.不同剂量的60Co-γ射线和Fe+对番茄生物学效应及抗晚疫病研究.中国农学通报,2015,31(15):131-139]
[10]Maity J P,Mishra D,Chakraborty A,et al.Modulation of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics in rice(Oryza sativa L.)and mung(Phaseolus mungo L.)by ionizing radiation[J].Radiation Physics&Chemistry,2005,74(5):391-394
[11]Shereen A,Ansari R,Mumtaz S,et al.Impact of gamma irradiation induced changes on growth and physiological responses of rice under saline conditions[J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2009,41(5):2487-2495
[12]Saad-Allah K,Hamad S A E A,Elhaak M A E A.Effect of gamma irradiation or potassium on oxidative stress and antioxidant system of cadmium stressed Brassica rapa(L.)plant[J].Iranian Journal of Medical Physics,2008,(3):435-443
[13]Moussa H R.Low dose of gamma irradiation enhanced drought tolerance in soybean[J].Acta Agronomica Hungarica,2011,17(59):63-72
[14]Li H S.Plant Physiological and Biochemical Principles and Techniques[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.2000,278[李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社.2000,278]
[15]Cansev A,Kesici M.Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities during cold-acclimation in sweet cherry cultivars grafted on different rootstocks[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(1):522-527
[16]Zhang J,Li Y Y,Huang Y Y,et al.Study on relationships between reactive oxygen metabolism and flower bud differentiation in tobacco under low temperature stress[J].Crops,2015,(4):74-80[张静,李园园,黄盈盈,等.低温胁迫下活性氧代谢与烟草花芽分化的研究.作物杂志,2015,(4):74-80]
[17]Janmohammadi M,Enayati V,Sabaghnia N.Impact of cold acclimation,de-acclimation and re-acclimation on carbohydrate content and antioxidant enzyme activities inspring and winter wheat[J].Icelandic Agricultural Sciences,2012,25(25):3-11
[18]Turhan E,Aydogan C,Baykul A,et al.Apoplastic antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of two strawberry cultivars and their relationship to cold-hardiness[J].Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,2012,40(2):114-122
[19]Chiang C M,Wen S K,Lin K H.Cloning and gene expression analysis of sponge gourd ascorbate peroxidase gene and winter squash superoxide dismutase gene under respective flooding and chilling stresses[J].Horticulture Environment&Biotechnology,2014,55(2):129-137
[20]Chaparzadeh N,D’Amico M L,Khavari-Nejad R A,et al.Antioxidative responses of Calendula officinalis under salinity conditions[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2004,42(9):695-701
[21]Uzilday B,Turkan I,Sekmen A H,et al.Comparison of ROS formation and antioxidant enzymes in Cleome gynandra(C4)and Cleome spinosa(C3)under drought stress[J].Plant Science,2012,182(1):59-70
[22]Sudhakar C,Lakshmi A,Giridarakumar S.Changes in the antioxidant enzyme efficacy in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry(Morus alba,L.)under NaCl salinity[J].Plant Science,2001,161(3):613-619
[23]Skyba M,PetijováL,Ko?uth J,et al.Oxidative stress and antioxidant response in Hypericum perforatum L.plants subjected to low temperature treatment[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2012,169(10):955-964
[24]Bohn M,Lüthje S,Sperling P,et al.Plasma membrane lipid alterations induced by cold acclimation and abscisic acid treatment of winter wheat seedlings differing in frost resistance[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2007,164(2):146-156
[25]Deng X,Gao K,Sun J.Physiological and biochemical responses of Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 to Irgarol 1051and diuron[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012,122-123(2):113-119
[26]Chun-Yan L I,Chen S S,Wen X U,et al.Effect of low temperature at seedling stage on antioxidation enzymes and cytoplasmic osmoticum of leaves in wheat cultivar Yangmai 16[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(12):2293-2298
[27]Ma L,Yang S C.Effect of Al on physiological characters of Kandelia obovata Seedlings[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(1):145-152[马丽,杨盛昌.铝对秋茄幼苗生理特性的影响.水生生物学报,2011,35(1):145-152]
[28]Chang Y X,Xu K D,Zhang X F,et al.Effects of salicylic acid on the growth and physiological property of wheat seedlings under Hg2+stress[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2014,34(4):540-545[常云霞,徐克东,张小芳,等.外源水杨酸对Hg2+胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及生理的影响.麦类作物学报,2014,34(4):540-545]
[29]Castonguay Y,Bertrand A,Michaud R,et al.Cold-induced biochemical and molecular changes in alfalfa populations selectively improved for freezing tolerance[J].Crop Science,2011,51(5):2132
[30]Wang X H,Zhuang N S.Advances in research on proline and cold resistance of plant[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,24(11):398-402[王小华,庄南生.脯氨酸与植物抗寒性的研究进展.中国农学通报,2008,24(11):398-402]
[31]Liu L,Cang J,Yu J,et al.Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on carbohydrate metabolism and the expression levels of correlative key enzymes in winter wheat under low temperature[J].Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan,2013,77(3):516-525
[32]Janmohammadi M,Zolla L,Rinalducci S.Low temperature tolerance in plants:Changes at the protein level[J].Phytochemistry,2015,117:76-89
[33]Huang X F,Xie L L,Lu L J,et al.Literature review of winter performance of the constructed wetlands located in low-temperate areas[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2008,30(11):84-89[黄翔峰,谢良林,陆丽君,等.人工湿地在冬季低温地区的应用研究进展.环境污染与防治,2008,30(11):84-89]
[34]Chen D Q,Wu Z B,Cheng S P,et al.Comparison on the combination system of different constructed wetland processes for wastewater treatment[J].China Water&Wastewater,2003,19(9):12-15[陈德强,吴振斌,成水平,等.不同湿地组合工艺净化污水效果的比较.中国给水排水,2003,19(9):12-15]
[35]Wu Z B.Integrated Vertical-flow Constructed Wetland[M].Beijing:Science Press.2008,394[吴振斌.复合垂直流人工湿地.北京:科学出版社.2008,394]
[36]Zhang Z,Fu R B,Gu G W,et al.Analyse of nitrogen removal pathways and their effect factors in constructed wetland[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(6):1385-1390[张政,付融冰,顾国维,等.人工湿地脱氮途径及其影响因素分析.生态环境学报,2006,15(6):1385-1390]
[2]Wang R,Baldy V,Périssol C,et al.Influence of plants on microbial activity in a vertical-downflow wetland system treating waste activated sludge with high organic matter concentrations[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,95(2):S158-S164
[3]Li F P,Wei H Y,Ma Z,et al.Research progress of selection of plants for constructed wetlands and effect of plants’purification on sewage[J].Wetland Science,2017,15(6):849-854[李峰平,魏红阳,马喆,等.人工湿地植物的选择及植物净化污水作用研究进展.湿地科学,2017,15(6):849-854]
[4]Xiang X M,Song C,Zhou J T,et al.Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:progress,problem and improving measures[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,29(10):101-102[项学敏,宋晨,周集体,等.人工湿地水处理技术研究进展存在问题与改进.环境科学与技术,2006,29(10):101-102]
[5]Chen Y H,Wu X F,Hao J,et al.Selection and purification potential evaluation of woody plant in vertical flow constructed wetlands in the subtropical area[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(2):585-591[陈永华,吴晓芙,郝君,等.亚热带地区潜流人工湿地木本植物筛选与净化潜力评价.环境科学,2014,35(2):585-591]
[6]He L P,Chen J,Yang F L,et al.Study on pollutant removal efficiency of constructed wetland affected by seasonal changes and plant growth conditions[J].Environmental Engineering,2014,32(s1):221-224[和丽萍,陈静,杨逢乐,等.季节变化及植物生长对人工湿地处理效率的影响.环境工程,2014,32(s1):221-224]
[7]Cookson W R,Cornforth I S,Rowarth J S.Winter soiltemperature(2-15 C)effects on nitrogen transformations in clover green manure amended or unamended soils;a laboratory and field study[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34(10):1401-1415
[8]Werker A G,Dougherty J M,Mchenry J L,et al.Treatment variability for wetland wastewater treatment design in cold climates[J].Ecological Engineering,2002,19(1):1-11
[9]Wu L M,Zhang X C.Research of different doses of 60Co-γrays and Fe+on biological characteristics and phytophthora infestans(mont)of tomatoes[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(15):131-139[武利明,张喜春.不同剂量的60Co-γ射线和Fe+对番茄生物学效应及抗晚疫病研究.中国农学通报,2015,31(15):131-139]
[10]Maity J P,Mishra D,Chakraborty A,et al.Modulation of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics in rice(Oryza sativa L.)and mung(Phaseolus mungo L.)by ionizing radiation[J].Radiation Physics&Chemistry,2005,74(5):391-394
[11]Shereen A,Ansari R,Mumtaz S,et al.Impact of gamma irradiation induced changes on growth and physiological responses of rice under saline conditions[J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2009,41(5):2487-2495
[12]Saad-Allah K,Hamad S A E A,Elhaak M A E A.Effect of gamma irradiation or potassium on oxidative stress and antioxidant system of cadmium stressed Brassica rapa(L.)plant[J].Iranian Journal of Medical Physics,2008,(3):435-443
[13]Moussa H R.Low dose of gamma irradiation enhanced drought tolerance in soybean[J].Acta Agronomica Hungarica,2011,17(59):63-72
[14]Li H S.Plant Physiological and Biochemical Principles and Techniques[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.2000,278[李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社.2000,278]
[15]Cansev A,Kesici M.Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities during cold-acclimation in sweet cherry cultivars grafted on different rootstocks[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(1):522-527
[16]Zhang J,Li Y Y,Huang Y Y,et al.Study on relationships between reactive oxygen metabolism and flower bud differentiation in tobacco under low temperature stress[J].Crops,2015,(4):74-80[张静,李园园,黄盈盈,等.低温胁迫下活性氧代谢与烟草花芽分化的研究.作物杂志,2015,(4):74-80]
[17]Janmohammadi M,Enayati V,Sabaghnia N.Impact of cold acclimation,de-acclimation and re-acclimation on carbohydrate content and antioxidant enzyme activities inspring and winter wheat[J].Icelandic Agricultural Sciences,2012,25(25):3-11
[18]Turhan E,Aydogan C,Baykul A,et al.Apoplastic antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of two strawberry cultivars and their relationship to cold-hardiness[J].Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,2012,40(2):114-122
[19]Chiang C M,Wen S K,Lin K H.Cloning and gene expression analysis of sponge gourd ascorbate peroxidase gene and winter squash superoxide dismutase gene under respective flooding and chilling stresses[J].Horticulture Environment&Biotechnology,2014,55(2):129-137
[20]Chaparzadeh N,D’Amico M L,Khavari-Nejad R A,et al.Antioxidative responses of Calendula officinalis under salinity conditions[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2004,42(9):695-701
[21]Uzilday B,Turkan I,Sekmen A H,et al.Comparison of ROS formation and antioxidant enzymes in Cleome gynandra(C4)and Cleome spinosa(C3)under drought stress[J].Plant Science,2012,182(1):59-70
[22]Sudhakar C,Lakshmi A,Giridarakumar S.Changes in the antioxidant enzyme efficacy in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry(Morus alba,L.)under NaCl salinity[J].Plant Science,2001,161(3):613-619
[23]Skyba M,PetijováL,Ko?uth J,et al.Oxidative stress and antioxidant response in Hypericum perforatum L.plants subjected to low temperature treatment[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2012,169(10):955-964
[24]Bohn M,Lüthje S,Sperling P,et al.Plasma membrane lipid alterations induced by cold acclimation and abscisic acid treatment of winter wheat seedlings differing in frost resistance[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2007,164(2):146-156
[25]Deng X,Gao K,Sun J.Physiological and biochemical responses of Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 to Irgarol 1051and diuron[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012,122-123(2):113-119
[26]Chun-Yan L I,Chen S S,Wen X U,et al.Effect of low temperature at seedling stage on antioxidation enzymes and cytoplasmic osmoticum of leaves in wheat cultivar Yangmai 16[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(12):2293-2298
[27]Ma L,Yang S C.Effect of Al on physiological characters of Kandelia obovata Seedlings[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(1):145-152[马丽,杨盛昌.铝对秋茄幼苗生理特性的影响.水生生物学报,2011,35(1):145-152]
[28]Chang Y X,Xu K D,Zhang X F,et al.Effects of salicylic acid on the growth and physiological property of wheat seedlings under Hg2+stress[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2014,34(4):540-545[常云霞,徐克东,张小芳,等.外源水杨酸对Hg2+胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及生理的影响.麦类作物学报,2014,34(4):540-545]
[29]Castonguay Y,Bertrand A,Michaud R,et al.Cold-induced biochemical and molecular changes in alfalfa populations selectively improved for freezing tolerance[J].Crop Science,2011,51(5):2132
[30]Wang X H,Zhuang N S.Advances in research on proline and cold resistance of plant[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,24(11):398-402[王小华,庄南生.脯氨酸与植物抗寒性的研究进展.中国农学通报,2008,24(11):398-402]
[31]Liu L,Cang J,Yu J,et al.Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on carbohydrate metabolism and the expression levels of correlative key enzymes in winter wheat under low temperature[J].Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan,2013,77(3):516-525
[32]Janmohammadi M,Zolla L,Rinalducci S.Low temperature tolerance in plants:Changes at the protein level[J].Phytochemistry,2015,117:76-89
[33]Huang X F,Xie L L,Lu L J,et al.Literature review of winter performance of the constructed wetlands located in low-temperate areas[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2008,30(11):84-89[黄翔峰,谢良林,陆丽君,等.人工湿地在冬季低温地区的应用研究进展.环境污染与防治,2008,30(11):84-89]
[34]Chen D Q,Wu Z B,Cheng S P,et al.Comparison on the combination system of different constructed wetland processes for wastewater treatment[J].China Water&Wastewater,2003,19(9):12-15[陈德强,吴振斌,成水平,等.不同湿地组合工艺净化污水效果的比较.中国给水排水,2003,19(9):12-15]
[35]Wu Z B.Integrated Vertical-flow Constructed Wetland[M].Beijing:Science Press.2008,394[吴振斌.复合垂直流人工湿地.北京:科学出版社.2008,394]
[36]Zhang Z,Fu R B,Gu G W,et al.Analyse of nitrogen removal pathways and their effect factors in constructed wetland[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(6):1385-1390[张政,付融冰,顾国维,等.人工湿地脱氮途径及其影响因素分析.生态环境学报,2006,15(6):1385-1390]