我国政府开放数据的质量控制机制研究
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摘要
[目的/意义]数据质量是政府开放数据价值实现的关键,开放数据质量控制机制研究有助于促进政府高质量数据集的开放,提高政府开放水平。[方法/过程]应用数据生命周期管理、利益相关者理论,从政府开放数据的质量维度界定入手,分析了数据本身、技术层面、流程层面、管理层面的开放数据质量问题。[结果/结论]从管理、组织、技术与方法层面提出了我国政府开放数据的质量控制机制。在管理层面,由政府管理部门建设并完善数据监管体系;在组织层面,消除数据壁垒,推进数据共享机制;在技术层面,构建面向全生命周期的技术应用机制;在方法层面,以用户需求为导向建立评估反馈机制。
[Purpose/Significance]Data quality is the key to the value realization of government open data. The research of open data quality control mechanism helps to promote the opening of high-quality government data sets and improve the government 's openness.[Method/Process]Applying data lifecycle management and stakeholder theory,starting from the definition of the quality dimension of government open data,this paper analyzes the open data quality from data themselves,technology,process and management involved.[Result/Conclusion]From the management,organization,technology and method level,the paper puts forward a quality control mechanism of the government open data in China: at the management level,the data supervision system should be constructed and improved by the government administrative departments; at the organization level,data barriers should be eliminated and data sharing mechanism should be promoted; at the technology level,a technical guarantee mechanism oriented to the whole lifecycle should be constructed; and at the methodological level,user-oriented evaluation and feedback mechanism should be adopted.
[Purpose/Significance]Data quality is the key to the value realization of government open data. The research of open data quality control mechanism helps to promote the opening of high-quality government data sets and improve the government 's openness.[Method/Process]Applying data lifecycle management and stakeholder theory,starting from the definition of the quality dimension of government open data,this paper analyzes the open data quality from data themselves,technology,process and management involved.[Result/Conclusion]From the management,organization,technology and method level,the paper puts forward a quality control mechanism of the government open data in China: at the management level,the data supervision system should be constructed and improved by the government administrative departments; at the organization level,data barriers should be eliminated and data sharing mechanism should be promoted; at the technology level,a technical guarantee mechanism oriented to the whole lifecycle should be constructed; and at the methodological level,user-oriented evaluation and feedback mechanism should be adopted.
引文
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[26]鲍静,张勇进,董占广.我国政府数据开放管理若干基本问题研究[J].行政论坛,2017,24(1):25-32.
[27]郑磊.开放的树林:政府数据开放的中国故事[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2018:168-169.
[28]刘新萍,孙文平,郑磊.政府数据开放的潜在风险与对策研究---以上海市为例[J].电子政务,2017(9):22-29.
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[30]Granger S.Emulation as a digital preservation strategy[J].D-Lib Magazine,2000,6(10):21.
[31]黄如花,赖彤.数据生命周期视角下我国政府数据开放的障碍研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,11(6):1-10.
[32]Harlan Y,David R.The newambiguity of open government[J].UCLA LawReviewDiscourse,2012,59(1).
[2]涂子沛.大数据:正在到来的数据革命[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2012:15.
[3]Kalampokis E,Tambouris E,Tarabanis K.Linked open government data analytics[J].International Conference on Electronic Government,2013,8074:99-110.
[4]Veenstra A F,Broek T A.Opening moves---drivers enablers and barriers of open data in a semi-public organization[J].Electronic Government,2013,8074:50-61.
[5]复旦大学数字与移动治理实验室.中国地方政府数据开放平台报告[R].2018.
[6]What is open data?[EB/OL].(2016-03-10).http://opendatahandbook.org/guide/en/what-is-open-data/.
[7]相丽玲,陈梦婕.中外政府数据开放的运行机制比较[J].情报科学,2017(4):9-14.
[8]Zuiderwijk A,Janssen M.Towards decision support for disclosing data:Closed or open data?[J].Information Polity,2015,20(2,3):103-117.
[9]Susha I,Gr9nlund A,Janssen M.Driving factors of service innovation using open government data:An exploratory study of entrepreneurs in two countries[J].Information Polity,2014,20(1):19-34.
[10]Go3ta S,Davies T.The daily shaping of state transparency:Standards,machine-readability and the configuration of open government datapolicies[J].Finnish Society for Science&Technology Studies,2016,1(1):23-35.
[11]Open Government Working Group.The annotated 8 principles of open government data[EB/OL].(2015-07-06).http://opengovdata.org/.
[12]Marton A,Avital M,Jensen T.Reframing open big data in proceedings of the 21st European conference on information systems[M].Utrecht University,Netherlands,2013:65.
[13]Russell A.Open standards and the digital age:History,ideology and networks[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2014:76-78.
[14]Mitigating threats to data quality throughout the curation life cycle[EB/OL].(2015-05-14).http://informatics.mit.edu/publications/mitigating-threatsdata-quality-throughout-curationlifecycle.
[15]Hu L.Research on quality control and quality assessment for scientific data resources[J].E-Science Technology&Application,2009(1):50-55.
[16]刘文奇.复杂网络上的公共数据演化博弈与数据质量控制[J].中国科学:信息科学,2016,46(11):1569.
[17]张静蓓,任树怀.国外科研数据知识库数据质量控制研究[J].图书馆杂志,2016(11):39.
[18]Sadiq S,Indulska M.Open data:Quality over quantity[J].International Journal of Information Management.2017,37(3):150-154.
[19]Viscusi G,Spahiu B,Maurino A,et al.Compliance with open government data policies:An empirical assessment of Italian local public administrations[J].Information polity,2014,19(3/4):263-275.
[20]MáchováR,Lněniˇcka M.Evaluating the quality of open data portals on the national level[J].Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research,2017,12(1):21-41.
[21]夏义堃.国际组织开放政府数据评估方法的比较与分析[J].图书情报工作,2015(19):75-83.
[22]王今,马海群.政府开放数据质量的用户满意度评价研究[J].现代情报,2016,36(9):4-9.
[23]杨孟辉,刘华.开放政府数据评价方法研究[J].情报资料工作,2015(6):40-44.
[24]Harrison T M,Pardo T A,Cook M.Creating open government ecosystems:A research and development agenda[J].Future Internet,2012,4(4):900-928.
[25]曹雨佳.政府开放数据生存状态:来自我国19个地方政府的调查报告[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(14):94-101.
[26]鲍静,张勇进,董占广.我国政府数据开放管理若干基本问题研究[J].行政论坛,2017,24(1):25-32.
[27]郑磊.开放的树林:政府数据开放的中国故事[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2018:168-169.
[28]刘新萍,孙文平,郑磊.政府数据开放的潜在风险与对策研究---以上海市为例[J].电子政务,2017(9):22-29.
[29]Palathingal L,Dascalu S,Harris F,et al.A brief survey of data curation literature[EB/OL].(2016-12-07).https://www.cse.unr.edu/~fredh/papers/conf/143-absodcl/paper.pdf.
[30]Granger S.Emulation as a digital preservation strategy[J].D-Lib Magazine,2000,6(10):21.
[31]黄如花,赖彤.数据生命周期视角下我国政府数据开放的障碍研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,11(6):1-10.
[32]Harlan Y,David R.The newambiguity of open government[J].UCLA LawReviewDiscourse,2012,59(1).