海南岛海湾与潟湖中海草的分布差异及影响分析
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摘要
本文根据2002年至2016年调查数据,研究海南岛海湾与潟湖中海草的分布及其影响因素。结果表明:海南岛沿岸调查到海草共6属10种,优势种为泰来草与海菖蒲,种类数量呈现东部多、北部与南部少的特点;海草分布面积约53.7906km2,呈现北部大于南部、海湾大于潟湖的特点;覆盖度存在由北向南递增趋势。海南岛沿岸海草垂直分布呈现由陆向海梯度分布规律。海草在海湾分布宽度大,主要集中于礁坪内侧,呈现斑块状分布为主,局部区域零星分布的特征;在潟湖分布宽度较小,主要集中于受人为活动干扰较少区域,呈现斑块状或片状分布的特征。潮流、水深、盐度、光照、底质类型与人类活动等对海南岛沿岸海草分布的影响较大,同时藻类、贝类与鱼类等生物对海草存在一定的空间竞争。
According to the survey data from 2002 to 2016,the distribution and environmental effects of seagrasses between the bays and lagoons of Hainan Island were studied.The results showed that 6 generas and 10 species of seagrasses were discovered in studied areas,with which Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were the dominant species,and eastern species numbers were found higher than northern and southern.The distribution area of seagrasses along the Hainan Island coast was estimated to be approximately 53.7906km~2,which showed the northern area was larger than the southern and the distribution area along the coast of the bays was larger than lagoons.Coverage of seagrasses in the Hainan Island coast presented an increasing trend from north to south.And vertical distribution of seagrasses presented a gradient distribution from land to sea.Moreover,the seagrasses along the bay coast were mainly distributed in the central side of the reef flat,while the seagrasses were found to be mainly distributed in the regions that were less affected by human activities.Compared to the seagrasses along the lagoon coast,the seagrasses along the bay coast had larger width.Interestingly,the seagrasses in both places presented patch distribution patterns.In general,the distribution of seagrasses in the bays and lagoons of Hainan Island were found highly determined by the local tides,water depth,salinity,illumination intensity,sediment types and human activity,meanwhile,the algae,shellfish,fish and other organisms are also important space competitors for seagrasses.
According to the survey data from 2002 to 2016,the distribution and environmental effects of seagrasses between the bays and lagoons of Hainan Island were studied.The results showed that 6 generas and 10 species of seagrasses were discovered in studied areas,with which Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were the dominant species,and eastern species numbers were found higher than northern and southern.The distribution area of seagrasses along the Hainan Island coast was estimated to be approximately 53.7906km~2,which showed the northern area was larger than the southern and the distribution area along the coast of the bays was larger than lagoons.Coverage of seagrasses in the Hainan Island coast presented an increasing trend from north to south.And vertical distribution of seagrasses presented a gradient distribution from land to sea.Moreover,the seagrasses along the bay coast were mainly distributed in the central side of the reef flat,while the seagrasses were found to be mainly distributed in the regions that were less affected by human activities.Compared to the seagrasses along the lagoon coast,the seagrasses along the bay coast had larger width.Interestingly,the seagrasses in both places presented patch distribution patterns.In general,the distribution of seagrasses in the bays and lagoons of Hainan Island were found highly determined by the local tides,water depth,salinity,illumination intensity,sediment types and human activity,meanwhile,the algae,shellfish,fish and other organisms are also important space competitors for seagrasses.
引文
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[2]William C D,Roberrt J O,Kenneth A M,et al.Assessing water quality with submersed aquatic vegetation[J].Washington:Bioscience,1993,43:86-94.
[3]Prange J A,Dennison W C.Physiological responses of five seagrass species to trace metals[J].Oxford:Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,41:327-336.
[4]黄小平,黄良民,等.华南沿海主要海草床及其生境威胁[J].北京:科学通报,2006,51:114-119.
[5]Deiongn H H,Kawarau W,Kustiawan W,et al.A review of research on the interactions between dugongs and intertidal seagrass beds in Indonesia.Weinheim:Hydrobiology[J].2007,591:73-83.
[6]李文涛,张秀梅.海草场的生态功能[J].青岛:中国海洋大学学报,2009,39(5):933-939.
[7]柯智仁.台湾海草分类与分布之研究[D].台湾:国立中山大学,2004.
[8]杨宗岱,李淑霞.海草系统分类的探讨[J].青岛:山东海洋学院学报,1983,13(4):78-87.
[9]黄小平,黄良民.中国南海海草研究[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2007.
[10]吴德邻,邢福武,等.海南及广东沿海岛屿植物名录[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[11]范航清,石雅君,等.中国海草植物[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009.
[12]龚文平,陈明和,等.海南陵水新村港潮汐汊道演变及其稳定性分析[J].广州:热带海洋学报,2004,23(4):25-43.
[13]陈石泉,王道儒,等.海南岛东海岸海草床近10a变化趋势探讨[J].大连:海洋环境科学,2015,34(1):48-53.
[14]陈石泉,吴钟解,等.海南岛海草床群落种间关系研究[J].天津:海洋通报,2013,32(1):78-84.
[15]杨士瑛,鲍献文,等.夏季粤西沿岸流特征及其产生机制[J].北京:海洋学报,2003,25(6):1-7.
[16]黄辉,练健生,等.徐闻珊瑚礁及其生物多样性[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007.
[17]王道儒,吴钟解,等.海南岛海草资源分布现状及存在威胁[J].大连:海洋环境科学,2012,31(1):34-39.
[18]陈石泉,吴钟解,等.海南岛南部海草资源分布现状调查分析[J].北京:海洋学报,2015,37(6):106-113.
[19]蔡泽富,陈石泉,等.海南岛东北部沿岸造礁石珊瑚时空分布特征[J].青岛:海洋湖沼通报,2015,3:78-86.