海南黎安港表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价
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摘要
通过对表层沉积物重金属含量测定,探讨海南黎安港内表层沉积物重金属的分布特征、相关性及潜在生态危害程度。结果表明,黎安港表层沉积物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg及As含量平均值分别为42.23、17.15、76.58、36.24、0.33、0.040及9.26 mg/kg,重金属含量高值主要位于潟湖中心养殖区域及潟湖北部虾塘养殖沿岸;Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg及As具有相同污染源,主要受养殖影响,Pb、As与Cd还受陆源虾塘影响较大;研究区以中等生态危害为主,其次是强生态危害与轻微生态危害,多种重金属的潜在生态危害指数(RI)高值位于潟湖中心,重金属的潜在生态危害风险大小依次为:Cd>Hg>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn。黎安港与新村港两潟湖重金属在含量分布、潜在生态风险危害存在一定的差异,黎安港以中等生态危害为主,很强生态危害单金属为Cd。
This study investigates the distribution characteristics, correlation, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Li'an lagoon by determining their contents. The results show that the average contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, and As in the surface sediments of Li'an lagoon are 42.23, 17.15, 76.58, 36.24, 0.33, 0.04, and 9.26 mg/kg, respectively, and they are mainly located in the farming area at the lagoon center and the shrimp ponds along the coast. Furthermore, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg are the main sources of pollution that affect by aquaculture activities, while Pb, As, and Cd mainly affect terrestrial shrimp ponds. This study also focuses on the ecological risk indexes(RIs). Different regions had low, medium, or high RIs. The regions with high RIs are mainly at the center of the lagoon. A descending order of the heavy metals with potential ecological risk is Cd>Hg>Cu> As>Pb>Cr>Zn. The heavy metals distribution and potential ecological risk in Li'an lagoon differ from those in Xincun lagoon. The Li'an lagoon mainly has a medium ecological risk; however, Cd presents a strong ecological risk.
This study investigates the distribution characteristics, correlation, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Li'an lagoon by determining their contents. The results show that the average contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, and As in the surface sediments of Li'an lagoon are 42.23, 17.15, 76.58, 36.24, 0.33, 0.04, and 9.26 mg/kg, respectively, and they are mainly located in the farming area at the lagoon center and the shrimp ponds along the coast. Furthermore, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg are the main sources of pollution that affect by aquaculture activities, while Pb, As, and Cd mainly affect terrestrial shrimp ponds. This study also focuses on the ecological risk indexes(RIs). Different regions had low, medium, or high RIs. The regions with high RIs are mainly at the center of the lagoon. A descending order of the heavy metals with potential ecological risk is Cd>Hg>Cu> As>Pb>Cr>Zn. The heavy metals distribution and potential ecological risk in Li'an lagoon differ from those in Xincun lagoon. The Li'an lagoon mainly has a medium ecological risk; however, Cd presents a strong ecological risk.
引文
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[3]Farkas A,Erratico C,Vigano L.Assessment of the environmental significance of heavy metals pollution in surfacial sediments of the River Po[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(4):761-768.
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[5]刘建波,刘洁,陈春华,等.海口湾东部表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(17):9416-9418.Liu Jianbo,Liu Jie,Chen Chunhua,et al.Contamination Characteristic and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediment from East Haikou Bay[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(17):9416-9418.
[6]张宇峰,武正华,王宁,等.海南南岸港湾海水和沉积物重金属污染研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2002,39(1):81-91.Zhang Yufeng,Wu Zhenghua,Wang Ning,et al.An Investigation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Bays in the South of Hainan Islands[J].Journal of Nanjing University:Nat Sci Ed,2002,39(1):81-91.
[7]张家友,吴国爱,傅杨荣,等.海口湾重金属富集与评价[J].国土资源科技管理,2012,29(5):43-49.Zhang Jiayou,Wu Guoai,Fu Yangrong,et al.Enrichment and Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Haikou Bay[J].Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources,2012,29(5):43-49.
[8]曹玲珑,王平,田海涛,等.海南东寨港重金属在多种环境介质中污染状况及评价[J].海洋通报,2013,32(4):403-408.Cao Linglong,Wang Ping,Tian Haitao,et al.Distribution and ecological evaluation of heavy metals in multi-mediums of Dongzhai Harbor[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2013,32(4):403-408.
[9]林钟扬,倪建宇,时连强,等.海南小海表层沉积环境及重金属污染综合评价[J].海洋学研究,2011,29(2):12-24.Lin Zhongyang,Ni Jianyu,Shi Lianqiang,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of the environment and the heavy metals pollution in the surface sediments of Xiaohai Hainan Province[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2011,29(2):12-24.
[10]陈石泉,张光星,吴钟解,等.新村港表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2014,4:144-152.Chen Shiquan,Zhang Guangxing,Wu Zhongjie,et al.The distribution characteristics and the pollution evaluation of the heavy metals in the surface sediment of Xincun lagoon[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,4:144-152.
[11]吴钟解,陈石泉,王道儒,等.海南岛东海岸海草床生态系统健康评价[J].海洋科学,2014,38(8):67-74.Wu Zhongjie,Chen Shiquan,Wang Daoru,et al.The health assessment of the Seagrass Bed ecosystem in The East Coast of Hainan Island[J].Marine Sciences,2014,38(8):67-74.
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[13]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.GB17378-2007.海洋监测规范第5部分:沉积物分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008:8-23.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China,GB17378-2007.The specification for marine monitoring,Part 5:Sediment analysis[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008:8-23.
[14]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sediment to logical approach[J].Water Res,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[15]方海超,黄朋,周宇,等.北黄海表层沉积物常量元素分布特征及其控制因素分析[J].海洋科学,2015,39(4):109-114.Fang Haichao,Huang Peng,Zhou Yu,et al.Distribution and controlling factors of the major elements in surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(4):109-114.
[16]赵明明,王传远,孙志高,等.黄河尾闾及近岸沉积物中重金属的含量分布及生态风险评价[J].海洋科学,2016,40(1):68-75.Zhao Mingming,Wang Chuanyuan,Sun Zhigao,et al.Concentration,distribution,and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from the tail reaches of the yellow river estuary[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(1):68-75.
[17]赵一阳,鄢明才.中国浅海沉积物化学元素丰度[J].中国科学,1993,23(10):1084-1090.Zhaoyiyang,Yan Mingcai.Chemical abundance in the shallow Marine sediments in China[J].Science China,1993,23(10):1084-1090.
[18]崔振昂,林进清,甘华阳,等.南海北部湾东部海域表层沉积物地球化学特征[J].海洋科学,2015,39(7):103-111.Cui Zhenang,Lin Jinqing,Gan Huayang,et al.Geochemical characteristics of the surface sediments in the eastern Beibu Gulf,South China Sea[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(7):103-111.
[19]郑娜,王起超,郑冬梅,等.不同污染类型河流沉积物的汞、铅、锌污染特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(2):155-158.Zheng Na,Wang Qichao,Zheng Dongmei,et al.Study on Mercury,Zinc,Lead Contamination to Sediments in Rivers Contaminated by Different Po Ilution Sources[J].Journal of Soil and W ater Conservation,2007,21(2):155-158.
[20]霍云龙,陈金民,林彩,等.三沙湾表层沉积物重金属含量分布及生态风险评估[J].应用海洋学学报,2015,34(3):356-364.Huo Yunlong,Chen Jinmin,Lin Cai,et al.Distribution of heavy metal contents in surface sediments of Sansha Bay and ecological risk assessment[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2015,34(3):356-364.
[21]龚文平,陈明和,温晓骥,等.海南陵水黎安港潮汐汊道演变及其稳定性分析[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(4):25-43.Gong Wenping,Chen Minghe,Wen Xiaoji,et al.evolution and stability of xincun tidal inlet,linshui county,hainan province[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2004,23(4):25-43.
[22]蒋增杰,方建光,张继红,等.海南黎安港纳潮量及海水交换规律研究[J].海南大学学报自然科学版,2009,27(3):261-264.Jiang Zengjie,Fang Jianguang,Zhang Jihong,et al.The Calculation of Tidal Water Capacity and Water Exchange Characteristic of Lian Lagoon[J].Natural Science Journal of Hainan University,2009,27(3):261-264.
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