东北林业大学校园鸟类群落多样性
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摘要
为了对校区鸟类资源信息进行初步评估,2016年6~11月以东北林业大学校园内的鸟类群落多样性为研究对象采用定点直接计数法进行了监测分析。结果显示出:(1)东林校园共记录有鸟类5目21科36种;物种组成以雀形目鸟种占绝对优势(77.78%);区系分布以古北种为主(63.89%),其次为广布种(33.33%);居留型以留鸟和夏候鸟居多(75.00%);生态类群以鸣禽(77.78%)为主体;受胁状态的鸟种较少仅有4种、已引起关注并被列入保护状态的鸟种占优势为17种、无危/无关注鸟种也占有较大比例为15种;(2)鸟类群落的多样性指数为1.050 3,均匀度指数为0.297 9。基于结果分析,提出了校园鸟类资源管护方面的相关建议。
We investigated avian community diversity on the campus of Northeast Forestry University by using the fixed point counting method from June to November 2016. 36 bird species were recorded from 21 families and 5 orders. Of the 36 species,passerines were dominant( 78%). Palaearctic species were most numerous( 64%),followed by widespread species( 33%). Resident birds and summer resident birds accounted for 75%. Only 4 recorded species are listed as threatened,17 species are of conservation concern and are listed as protected,and 15 species are listed as non-threatened. The species diversity index( α-diversity) was 1. 050 3,evenness was0. 297 9. Based on the survey results,we put forward recommendations for management and protection of the avian resource on the campus of Northeast Forestry University.
We investigated avian community diversity on the campus of Northeast Forestry University by using the fixed point counting method from June to November 2016. 36 bird species were recorded from 21 families and 5 orders. Of the 36 species,passerines were dominant( 78%). Palaearctic species were most numerous( 64%),followed by widespread species( 33%). Resident birds and summer resident birds accounted for 75%. Only 4 recorded species are listed as threatened,17 species are of conservation concern and are listed as protected,and 15 species are listed as non-threatened. The species diversity index( α-diversity) was 1. 050 3,evenness was0. 297 9. Based on the survey results,we put forward recommendations for management and protection of the avian resource on the campus of Northeast Forestry University.
引文
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[2]马瑞俊,蒋志刚.全球气候变化对野生动物的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):3061-3066.
[3]孙全辉,张正旺.气候变暖对我国鸟类分布的影响[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(6):45-48.
[4]Tumer E C,Brainard M S.Performance variability enables adaptive plasticity of‘crystallized’adult birdsong[J].Nature,2007,450(7173):1240-1244.
[5]Doswald N,Willis S G,Collingham Y C,et al.Potential impacts of climatic change on the breeding and non-breeding ranges and migration distance of European Sylvia warblers[J].Jounal of Biogeography,2009,36(6):1194-1208.
[6]Menzel A,Estrella N,Fabian P.Spatial and temporal variability of the phenological seasons in Germany from 1951 to 1996[J].Global Change Biology,2001,7(6):657-666.
[7]Mccleery R H,Perrins C M.Temperature and egg-laying trends[J].Nature,1998,391(6662):30-31.
[8]宋蔓龄.野鸟作为环境污染指标的意义[J].铁道劳动卫生通讯,1985(1):49.
[9]王舒,童玉平,王志洁,等.哈尔滨市城市化建设对鸟类群落的影响[J].野生动物学报,2015,36(3):295-302.
[10]张鹏宇,孙龙,胡海清.模拟计划火烧对哈尔滨城市林业示范基地典型林型土壤呼吸的影响[J].森林工程,2015,31(3):1-6.
[11]孙元,兰晓萍,邵红涛,等.东北林业大学城市林业示范基地弹尾虫水平分布研究[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2013,4(3):51-54.
[12]张晶虹,刘丙万.东北林业大学城市林业示范基地蒙古栎种群扩散研究[J].现代农业科技,2013(12):135-137.
[13]郑宏,杨艳波,杨凯,等.哈尔滨城市林业示范基地春季可燃物含水率动态研究[J].林业劳动安全,2013,26(4):34-38.
[14]周振超,刘安婧,赵磊森,等.典型林分地表死可燃物含水率与气象因子的关系——以哈尔滨城市林业示范基地典型可燃物为例[J].林业科技情报,2016,48(2):4-8,11.
[15]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:1-370.
[16]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000:1-504.
[17]常家传,桂千惠子,刘伯文,等.东北鸟类图鉴[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995:16-211.
[18]环境保护部.《中国生物多样性红色名录——脊椎动物卷》评估报告[R].2015.
[19]马建章,李守先.中国野生动物保护实用手册[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2002:385-560.
[20]郑作新.中国鸟类区系纲要[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:1036-1061.
[21]邹红菲,朱井丽,吴庆明,等.扎龙保护区湿地注水恢复期鸟类群落多样性[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(3):207-215.
[22]Mac Arthur R H.Fluctuation of animal population and a measure of community stability[J].Ecology,1955,36(3):533-536.
[23]杨旭东,胡金贵,李晔,等.内蒙古汗马国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性调查[J].四川动物,2014,33(6):931-937.
[24]方克艰,于晓东,姚恒彪,等.黑龙江嫩江高峰林区鸟类环志监测报告[J].四川动物,2008,27(6):1071-1078.
[25]覃振峰,王文利,孔庆辉,等.青海大学校园(本部)春夏季鸟群种类调查[J].青海大学学报:自然科学版,2012,30(2):81-84.
[26]田瑞,李琼华,田锋,等.西北农林科技大学校园夏季鸟群种类调查[J].家畜生态学报,2008,29(6):94-97.
[27]季婷,张雁云.环境噪音对鸟类鸣声的影响及鸟类的适应对策[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(4):831-836.