巴音布鲁克国家级自然保护区繁殖鸟类调查
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摘要
2014—2016年每年5—6月鸟类繁殖季,对新疆天山中部的巴音布鲁克国家级自然保护区繁殖鸟类进行调查。保护区是大天鹅Cygnus cygnus、灰鹤Grus grus、斑头雁Anser indicus等珍稀鸟类的重要繁殖地,同时也是我国第一个为保护大天鹅正式成立的保护区。经过连续3年的调查,共发现繁殖鸟类61种,隶属于11目24科47属,以留鸟和夏候鸟为主。其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,黑鹳Ciconia nigra,最多一次在2个地点记录到4只,其中2只为亚成体,证明该保护区有黑鹳的稳定繁殖种群。国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类7种,分别为大天鹅、黑鸢Milvus migrans、草原雕Aquila nipalensis、高山兀鹫Gyps himalayensis、燕隼Falco subbuteo、灰鹤、蓑羽鹤Anthropoides virgo。保护区鸟类主要分为2类:1)繁殖水鸟如大天鹅、赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea、红脚鹬Tringa totanus等;2)荒漠草原鸟类如角百灵Eremophila alpestris、沙Oenanthe isabellina和黄嘴朱顶雀Carduelis flavirostris等。
Bayanbulak National Alpine Grassland Nature Reserve( BNAGNR) is famous for its key role for protecting the breeding water birds such as Cygnus cygnus,Grus grus,and Anser indicus. Meanwhile,BNAGNR is the first nature reserve of protecting C. cygnus in China. In this study,the diversity of breeding birds in BNAGNR was surveyed in May and June,2014-2016( twice per year). A total of 61 bird species belonging to 47 genera,24 families,and 11 orders were recorded,and summer visitors and residents were the dominant species. Specifically,Ciconia nigra,which is Class Ⅰnationally protected bird species,was ever recorded in 2 different places with 4 individuals. Seven species of Class Ⅱnationally protected bird species,including C. cygnus,G. grus,Anthropoides virgo,Falco subbuteo,Aquila nipalensis,Milvus migrans,and Gyps himalayensis were also recorded. Water birds such as C. cygnus,Tadorna ferruginea,and Tringa totanus,and grassland birds such as Eremophila alpestris,Oenanthe isabellina,and Carduelis flavirostris were dominant species in BNAGNR.
Bayanbulak National Alpine Grassland Nature Reserve( BNAGNR) is famous for its key role for protecting the breeding water birds such as Cygnus cygnus,Grus grus,and Anser indicus. Meanwhile,BNAGNR is the first nature reserve of protecting C. cygnus in China. In this study,the diversity of breeding birds in BNAGNR was surveyed in May and June,2014-2016( twice per year). A total of 61 bird species belonging to 47 genera,24 families,and 11 orders were recorded,and summer visitors and residents were the dominant species. Specifically,Ciconia nigra,which is Class Ⅰnationally protected bird species,was ever recorded in 2 different places with 4 individuals. Seven species of Class Ⅱnationally protected bird species,including C. cygnus,G. grus,Anthropoides virgo,Falco subbuteo,Aquila nipalensis,Milvus migrans,and Gyps himalayensis were also recorded. Water birds such as C. cygnus,Tadorna ferruginea,and Tringa totanus,and grassland birds such as Eremophila alpestris,Oenanthe isabellina,and Carduelis flavirostris were dominant species in BNAGNR.
引文
程松林,毛夷仙,袁荣斌.2014.江西武夷山-黄岗山西北坡森林繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].生态学报,34(23):6963-6974.
丁涛,李远,刘艳.2009.巴音布鲁克草原主要植被NDVI变化与气候因子的关系[J].遥感信息,2009(1):53-59.
董超,张国钢,陆军,等.2013.新疆巴音布鲁克繁殖期大天鹅的生境选择[J].生态学报,33(16):4885-4891.
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蒋志刚,纪力强.1999.鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法[J].生物多样性,7(3):61-66.
李敏,陈文婧,魏炜,等.2012.内蒙古中部地区繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].动物学杂志,47(3):102-108.
李忠秋,蒋志刚,李春旺,等.2006.陕西老县城自然保护区的鸟类多样性及G-F指数分析[J].动物学杂志,41(1):32-42.
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马鸣,才代,顾正勤,等.1993b.大天鹅繁殖生态及嘴型变异[J].干旱区研究,10(2):46-51.
马鸣.1993.野生天鹅[M].北京:气象出版社.
马鸣.2011.新疆鸟类分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社.
时卉,杨兆萍,韩芳,等.2015.干旱区高山湿地生态风险时空变化---以巴音布鲁克自然遗产地为例[J].干旱区研究,32(3):614-621.
徐峰,杨维康,徐文轩,等.2012.新疆准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠环境的鸟类[J].四川动物,31(6):980-982.
约翰·马敬能,卡伦.菲利普斯,何芬奇.2000.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社.
张荣祖.2011.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社.
张雨薇,赵利军,许海珍,等.2014.内蒙古中部地区湿地繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].湿地科学,12(6):703-708.
郑光美,王岐山.1998.中国濒危动物红皮书:鸟类[M].北京:科学出版社.
郑光美.2011.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社.
郑光美.2012.鸟类学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.
Howes J,Bakewell D,Bureau AW.1989.Shorebird studies manual[M].Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia:Asian Wetland Bureau.
IUCN.2017.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Version 2016-03.[2017-02-08].http://www.iucnredlist.org.
丁涛,李远,刘艳.2009.巴音布鲁克草原主要植被NDVI变化与气候因子的关系[J].遥感信息,2009(1):53-59.
董超,张国钢,陆军,等.2013.新疆巴音布鲁克繁殖期大天鹅的生境选择[J].生态学报,33(16):4885-4891.
高行宜.2005.新疆脊椎动物种和亚种分类与分布名录[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社.
戈峰.2008.现代生态学[M].北京:科学出版社.
蒋志刚,纪力强.1999.鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法[J].生物多样性,7(3):61-66.
李敏,陈文婧,魏炜,等.2012.内蒙古中部地区繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].动物学杂志,47(3):102-108.
李忠秋,蒋志刚,李春旺,等.2006.陕西老县城自然保护区的鸟类多样性及G-F指数分析[J].动物学杂志,41(1):32-42.
马鸣,才代,付春利,等.1993a.天山巴音布鲁克鸟类调查报告[J].干旱区研究,10(2):60-66.
马鸣,才代,顾正勤,等.1993b.大天鹅繁殖生态及嘴型变异[J].干旱区研究,10(2):46-51.
马鸣.1993.野生天鹅[M].北京:气象出版社.
马鸣.2011.新疆鸟类分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社.
时卉,杨兆萍,韩芳,等.2015.干旱区高山湿地生态风险时空变化---以巴音布鲁克自然遗产地为例[J].干旱区研究,32(3):614-621.
徐峰,杨维康,徐文轩,等.2012.新疆准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠环境的鸟类[J].四川动物,31(6):980-982.
约翰·马敬能,卡伦.菲利普斯,何芬奇.2000.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社.
张荣祖.2011.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社.
张雨薇,赵利军,许海珍,等.2014.内蒙古中部地区湿地繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].湿地科学,12(6):703-708.
郑光美,王岐山.1998.中国濒危动物红皮书:鸟类[M].北京:科学出版社.
郑光美.2011.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社.
郑光美.2012.鸟类学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.
Howes J,Bakewell D,Bureau AW.1989.Shorebird studies manual[M].Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia:Asian Wetland Bureau.
IUCN.2017.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Version 2016-03.[2017-02-08].http://www.iucnredlist.org.