南京紫金山国家森林公园繁殖鸟类多样性及年间变化
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摘要
城市森林公园是城市鸟类重要的栖息地,研究繁殖季节城市森林公园的鸟类群落有助于鸟类保护与公园管理。自2014～2017年,每年5月和6月,采用固定样线对南京紫金山森林公园的鸟类种类和数量进行了调查。共记录鸟类73种(10目28科),其中4种鸟类为国家Ⅱ级保护动物,雀形目鸟类占主要地位(66%)。从繁殖季节月份变化上看,鸟类种数、密度不存在显著差异。从年间变化上看,鸟类群落多样性指数为3.0510～3.3174,均匀度指数为0.8241～0.8524,优势度指数为0.9358～0.9510;不同年份鸟类群落相似性全部处于中等相似水平。繁殖季节鸟类群落结构组成和多样性在4年间的波动并不明显,总体上较为稳定。
Urban forest parks provide important habitats for birds living in cities. The study of bird communities during the breeding period in urban forest parks can contribute to bird conservation and park management. We recorded breeding bird species and numbers by sampling fixed linetransects in Nanjing Zijin Mountain National Forest Park during May and June 2014-2017. We recorded 73 bird species of 10 orders and 41 families. Among these,4 species are listed as class I national-protected species in China. Passeriforms( 66 %) were most frequently recorded. Species richness and diversity did not vary by season. The diversity index ranged from 3. 051 to 3. 317,and evenness ranged from 0. 824 to 0. 852. Dominance ranged from 0. 935 to 0. 951. Survey results indicated that the structure of the breeding bird community in the study area had not changed in over 4 years. In general, the bird community was stable.
Urban forest parks provide important habitats for birds living in cities. The study of bird communities during the breeding period in urban forest parks can contribute to bird conservation and park management. We recorded breeding bird species and numbers by sampling fixed linetransects in Nanjing Zijin Mountain National Forest Park during May and June 2014-2017. We recorded 73 bird species of 10 orders and 41 families. Among these,4 species are listed as class I national-protected species in China. Passeriforms( 66 %) were most frequently recorded. Species richness and diversity did not vary by season. The diversity index ranged from 3. 051 to 3. 317,and evenness ranged from 0. 824 to 0. 852. Dominance ranged from 0. 935 to 0. 951. Survey results indicated that the structure of the breeding bird community in the study area had not changed in over 4 years. In general, the bird community was stable.
引文
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[2]王舒,童玉平,王志洁,等.哈尔滨市城市化建设对鸟类群落的影响[J].野生动物学报,2015,36(3):295-302.
[3]Lee D,Kim E,Choi J,et al.The effects of development on forestpatch characteristics and bird diversity in Suji,South Korea[J].Landscape and Ecological Engineering,2010,6(2):171-179.
[4]Bradley C A,Altizer S.Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2007,22(2):95-102.
[5]张淑萍.城市化对鸟类分布的影响[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(11):2018-2023.
[6]谢世林,曹垒,逯非,等.鸟类对城市化的适应[J].生态学报,2016,36(21):6696-6707.
[7]Davis A M,Glick T F.Urban ecosystems and island biogeography[J].Environmental Conservation,1978,5(4):299-304.
[8]隋金玲,李凯,胡德夫,等.城市化和栖息地结构与鸟类群落特征关系研究进展[J].林业科学,2004,40(6):147-152.
[9]Roberge J M,Angelstam P.Indicator species among resident forest birds-A cross-regional evaluation in northern Europe[J].Biological Conservation,2006,130(1):134-147.
[10]丁晓龙,潘新园,袁倩敏,等.深圳松子坑森林公园鸟类多样性与群落特征研究[J].四川动物,2012,31(6):983-986.
[11]胡君梅,丁志锋,王玲,等.广州城市绿地鸟类物种多样性的时空变化[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(1):44-51.
[12]鲍大珩,张德怀,马志红,等.北京奥林匹克森林公园北园区冬春季鸟类多样性[J].野生动物学报,2015,36(2):186-190.
[13]邓娇,晏玉莹,张志强,等.城市化对长沙市区城市公园繁殖期鸟类物种多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1853-1859.
[14]Simpson E H.Measurement of diversity[J].Nature,1949,163(4148):688.
[15]Pielou E C.The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1966,13(1):131-144.
[16]Shannon C E,Weaver W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Chicago:University of Illinois Press,1949:193.
[17]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2011.
[18]陈奋飞,刘茂松,任瑞丽,等.南京紫金山森林群落分层结构特征的小波分析[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(2):17-22.
[19]吕莹莹,庄义琳,任芯雨,等.南京城市森林干扰及恢复自动制图[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):429-435.
[20]许鹏.南京紫金山城市森林鸟类群落研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2008.
[21]王彦平,陈水华,丁平.杭州城市行道树带的繁殖鸟类及其鸟巢分布[J].动物学研究,2003,24(4):259-264.
[22]Gutzwiller K J,Kroese E A,Anderson S H,et al.Does human intrusion alter the seasonal timing of avian song during breeding periods[J].The Auk,1997,114(1):55-65.
[23]Baudains T P,Lloyd P.Habituation and habitat changes can moderate the impacts of human disturbance on shorebird breeding performance[J].Animal Conservation,2007,10(3):400-407.
[24]Reijnen R,Foppen R,Braak C T,et al.The effects of car traffic on breeding bird populations in woodland.Ⅲ:Reduction of density in relation to the proximity of main roads[J].Journal of Applied E-cology,1995,32(1):187-202.