春花生秧与夏花生秧的营养价值评价及瘤胃降解率比较
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摘要
本试验旨在研究春花生秧与夏花生秧的常规营养成分,并应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评价其营养价值及其在奶牛瘤胃中降解特性的差异。采集河南地区春花生秧样品16个,夏花生秧样品28个,测定其干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、粗灰分(Ash)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、淀粉、中性洗涤不溶氮(NDFIP)、酸性洗涤不溶氮(ADFIP)、非蛋白氮(NPN)、可溶性蛋白(SCP)含量及总能(GE)。选取3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦干奶牛,饲喂同一种全混合日粮(TMR),采取尼龙袋法测定花生秧的DM、CP、NDF和ADF在奶牛瘤胃中的72 h降解率,并计算其降解参数及有效降解率,应用CNCPS计算其碳水化合物和蛋白质组分,评定花生秧的营养价值。结果表明:1)春花生秧的CP、Ash、Ca、SCP含量极显著高于夏花生秧(P <0.01),NDF、ADF、ADL含量和GE极显著低于夏花生秧(P <0.01),P含量显著低于夏花生秧(P <0.05)。2)春花生秧的DM、CP、NDF、ADF有效有降解率显著高于夏花生秧(P <0.05)。3)春花生秧的快速降解真蛋白质(PB1)、中速降解真蛋白质(PB2)、快速降解碳水化合物(CA)、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量极显著高于夏花生秧(P<0.01),NPN(PA)、碳水化合物、中速降解碳水化合物(CB2)含量显著低于夏花生秧(P<0.05),不可降解真蛋白质(PC)、不可降解碳水化合物(CC)含量极显著低于夏花生秧(P<0.01)。由此可见,春花生秧的营养价值优于夏花生秧,且瘤胃降解率均高于夏花生秧,其在瘤胃中的利用率较好,饲用价值更高。
This experiment was conducted to study the routine nutrient composition of spring-grown peanut vine and summer-grown peanut vine,and to evaluate the nutrient values and their degradation characteristics difference in rumen of cows using Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system( CNCPS). Sixteen spring-grown peanut vine and twenty-eight summer-grown peanut vine were collected from Henan province,and the contents of dry matter( DM),crude protein( CP),neutral detergent fiber( NDF),acid detergent fiber( ADF),ether extract( EE),calcium( Ca),phosphorus( P),crude ash( Ash),acid detergent lignin( ADL),starch,NDF insoluble protein( NDFIP),ADF insoluble protein( ADFIP),non-protein nitrogen( NPN) and soluble protein( SCP) and gross energy( GE) were determined. Three Chinese dry Holstein dairy cows fitted with permanent rumen cannula were selected to feed the same total mixed ration( TMR),the degradation rates of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of peanut vine in 72 h in rumen were determined by the nylon bag technique,and their degradation parameters and effective degradation rate were figured out,the carbohydrate and protein components were calculated using CNCPS,and evaluated the nutrient values of peanut vine. The results showed as follows: 1) the contents of CP,Ash,Ca and SCP in spring-grown peanut vine were significantly higher than those of summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.01),the contents of NDF,ADF,ADL and GE were significantly lower than those of summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.01),and the P content was significantly lower than that of summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.05). 2) The effective degradation rates of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of spring-grown peanut vine were significantly higher than those of summer-grown peanut vine( P < 0. 05). 3) The contents of rapid degradation true protein( PB1),medium degradation true protein( PB2),rapid degradation carbohydrate( CA) and non-structural carbohydrate( NSC) in spring-grown peanut vine were significantly higher than those in summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.01),the contents of NPN( PA),carbohydrate and medium degradation carbohydrate( CB2) was significantly lower than those in summer-grown peanut vine( P < 0.05),and the contents of non-degradation true protein( PC) and non-degradation carbohydrate( CC) were significantly lower than those in summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.01). Thus,the nutrient values of spring-grown peanut vine is superior to that of summer-grown peanut vine,and the rumen degradation rates are higher than that of summer-grown peanut vine,which has relatively high utilization rate in rumen and the feeding value is higher.
This experiment was conducted to study the routine nutrient composition of spring-grown peanut vine and summer-grown peanut vine,and to evaluate the nutrient values and their degradation characteristics difference in rumen of cows using Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system( CNCPS). Sixteen spring-grown peanut vine and twenty-eight summer-grown peanut vine were collected from Henan province,and the contents of dry matter( DM),crude protein( CP),neutral detergent fiber( NDF),acid detergent fiber( ADF),ether extract( EE),calcium( Ca),phosphorus( P),crude ash( Ash),acid detergent lignin( ADL),starch,NDF insoluble protein( NDFIP),ADF insoluble protein( ADFIP),non-protein nitrogen( NPN) and soluble protein( SCP) and gross energy( GE) were determined. Three Chinese dry Holstein dairy cows fitted with permanent rumen cannula were selected to feed the same total mixed ration( TMR),the degradation rates of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of peanut vine in 72 h in rumen were determined by the nylon bag technique,and their degradation parameters and effective degradation rate were figured out,the carbohydrate and protein components were calculated using CNCPS,and evaluated the nutrient values of peanut vine. The results showed as follows: 1) the contents of CP,Ash,Ca and SCP in spring-grown peanut vine were significantly higher than those of summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.01),the contents of NDF,ADF,ADL and GE were significantly lower than those of summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.01),and the P content was significantly lower than that of summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.05). 2) The effective degradation rates of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of spring-grown peanut vine were significantly higher than those of summer-grown peanut vine( P < 0. 05). 3) The contents of rapid degradation true protein( PB1),medium degradation true protein( PB2),rapid degradation carbohydrate( CA) and non-structural carbohydrate( NSC) in spring-grown peanut vine were significantly higher than those in summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.01),the contents of NPN( PA),carbohydrate and medium degradation carbohydrate( CB2) was significantly lower than those in summer-grown peanut vine( P < 0.05),and the contents of non-degradation true protein( PC) and non-degradation carbohydrate( CC) were significantly lower than those in summer-grown peanut vine( P<0.01). Thus,the nutrient values of spring-grown peanut vine is superior to that of summer-grown peanut vine,and the rumen degradation rates are higher than that of summer-grown peanut vine,which has relatively high utilization rate in rumen and the feeding value is higher.
引文
[1]聂胜委,郭占玲,张巧萍,等.河南省作物秸秆资源利用现状分析及对策[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(5):599-602.
[2]王俊宏,郑向丽,徐国忠.花生秸秆在饲料中的应用探讨[C]//中国草学会青年工作委员会学术研讨会论文集(上册).上海:中国草学会青年工作委员会,2010:362-365.
[3]罗志忠,刘利晓,李洪波,等.不同收获时间、高度对花生秧营养价值的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧医,2015(22):140-141.
[4]ABDOU N,NSAHLAI I V,CHIMONYO M.Effects of groundnut haulms supplementation on millet stover intake,digestibility and growth performance of lambs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,169(3/4):176-184.
[5]张峰,李保普,王昆,等.花生秧的营养特点及其在畜牧生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2006(11):38-39.
[6]闫建义,朱晓蕾,朱迎春.花生壳粉发酵饲料对家兔生长效果及免疫指数影响的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2013,29(12):195-196.
[7]QIN M Z,SHEN Y X.Effect of application of a bacteria inoculant and wheat bran on fermentation quality of peanut vine ensiled alone or with corn Stover[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(3):556-560.
[8]秦利.花生秧、壳在饲料行业中的应用现状[J].草业科学,2011,28(11):2057-2060.
[9]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 34-2004奶牛饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[10]LICITRA G,HERNANDEZ T M,VAN SOEST P J.Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1996,57(4):347-358.
[11]周俊华,邹优敬,宁俊平,等.粗饲料淀粉含量测定方法的比较研究[J].广西畜牧兽医,2013,29(6):323-325.
[12]RSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[13]TURGUT L,YANAR M.In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of some forages in Eastern Turkey[J].Small Ruminant Research,2004,52(3):217-222.
[14]SNIFFEN C J,O’CONNOR J D,VAN SOEST P J,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:Ⅱ.Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(11):3562-3577.
[15]李洋,窦秀静,张幸怡,等.非常规粗饲料分级指数和相对价值比较研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(2):54-60.
[16]陈晓琳,刘志科,孙娟,等.不同牧草在肉羊瘤胃中的降解特性研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):268-276.
[17]秦雯霄,廉红霞,付彤,等.玉米青贮与花生秧配比对奶牛瘤胃中花生秧降解特性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(6):1928-1935.
[18]OCAK N.Rumen degradability of dry matter and crude protein of fresh or dry lucerne and grass forages[J].Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2005,4(2):324-328.
[19]刘大林,赵国琦,王学峰,等.豆科与禾本科牧草在山羊瘤胃内的降解率比较试验[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(3):19,21.
[20]AGBAGLA-DOHNANI A,NOZIRE P,CLMENT G,et al.In sacco degradability,chemical and morphological composition of 15 varieties of European rice straw[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2001,94(1/2):15-27.
[21]包淋斌,黎力之,潘柯,等.花生藤在锦江黄牛瘤胃降解率测定[J].饲料研究,2015(11):34-38.
[22]刘艳芳,马健,都文,等.常规与非常规粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1592-1602.
[23]KAMRA D N,SAHA S,BHATT N,et al.Effect of diet on enzyme profile,biochemical changes and in sacco degradability of feeds in the rumen of buffalo[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2003,16(3):374-379.
[24]范铤.日粮中NDF水平及粗饲料NDF降解率对奶牛采食量及生产性能的影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2014:25-26.
[25]云颖,赵苗苗,双胡尔,等.刈割期和添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质和CNCPS蛋白组分的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2149-2156.
[2]王俊宏,郑向丽,徐国忠.花生秸秆在饲料中的应用探讨[C]//中国草学会青年工作委员会学术研讨会论文集(上册).上海:中国草学会青年工作委员会,2010:362-365.
[3]罗志忠,刘利晓,李洪波,等.不同收获时间、高度对花生秧营养价值的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧医,2015(22):140-141.
[4]ABDOU N,NSAHLAI I V,CHIMONYO M.Effects of groundnut haulms supplementation on millet stover intake,digestibility and growth performance of lambs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,169(3/4):176-184.
[5]张峰,李保普,王昆,等.花生秧的营养特点及其在畜牧生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2006(11):38-39.
[6]闫建义,朱晓蕾,朱迎春.花生壳粉发酵饲料对家兔生长效果及免疫指数影响的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2013,29(12):195-196.
[7]QIN M Z,SHEN Y X.Effect of application of a bacteria inoculant and wheat bran on fermentation quality of peanut vine ensiled alone or with corn Stover[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(3):556-560.
[8]秦利.花生秧、壳在饲料行业中的应用现状[J].草业科学,2011,28(11):2057-2060.
[9]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 34-2004奶牛饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[10]LICITRA G,HERNANDEZ T M,VAN SOEST P J.Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1996,57(4):347-358.
[11]周俊华,邹优敬,宁俊平,等.粗饲料淀粉含量测定方法的比较研究[J].广西畜牧兽医,2013,29(6):323-325.
[12]RSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[13]TURGUT L,YANAR M.In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of some forages in Eastern Turkey[J].Small Ruminant Research,2004,52(3):217-222.
[14]SNIFFEN C J,O’CONNOR J D,VAN SOEST P J,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:Ⅱ.Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(11):3562-3577.
[15]李洋,窦秀静,张幸怡,等.非常规粗饲料分级指数和相对价值比较研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(2):54-60.
[16]陈晓琳,刘志科,孙娟,等.不同牧草在肉羊瘤胃中的降解特性研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):268-276.
[17]秦雯霄,廉红霞,付彤,等.玉米青贮与花生秧配比对奶牛瘤胃中花生秧降解特性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(6):1928-1935.
[18]OCAK N.Rumen degradability of dry matter and crude protein of fresh or dry lucerne and grass forages[J].Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2005,4(2):324-328.
[19]刘大林,赵国琦,王学峰,等.豆科与禾本科牧草在山羊瘤胃内的降解率比较试验[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(3):19,21.
[20]AGBAGLA-DOHNANI A,NOZIRE P,CLMENT G,et al.In sacco degradability,chemical and morphological composition of 15 varieties of European rice straw[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2001,94(1/2):15-27.
[21]包淋斌,黎力之,潘柯,等.花生藤在锦江黄牛瘤胃降解率测定[J].饲料研究,2015(11):34-38.
[22]刘艳芳,马健,都文,等.常规与非常规粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1592-1602.
[23]KAMRA D N,SAHA S,BHATT N,et al.Effect of diet on enzyme profile,biochemical changes and in sacco degradability of feeds in the rumen of buffalo[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2003,16(3):374-379.
[24]范铤.日粮中NDF水平及粗饲料NDF降解率对奶牛采食量及生产性能的影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2014:25-26.
[25]云颖,赵苗苗,双胡尔,等.刈割期和添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质和CNCPS蛋白组分的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2149-2156.