基于Anylogic仿真模拟的高密度传统街区应急疏散研究——以天津小白楼五号地为例
|
摘要
快速城镇化使我国许多城市已相继进入增存并行发展的时代,城市中心区往往呈现高密度、高强度、高复杂性的特点,面临着更加严峻的安全问题。城市更新成为高密度城区增强防灾避难能力、提升应急疏散效率的重要方式。选取天津小白楼五号地传统街区为研究对象,深入调研与分析其建筑布局、公共空间、人群特征等作为模拟的基础数据,运用Anylogic软件对小白楼五号地街区更新规划初步方案进行疏散仿真模拟,剖析在面对震灾等突发灾害时人群疏散面临的核心问题,进而综合房屋产权、建筑保护价值等影响因素开展街区更新的可行性评估,将可行性评估与仿真模拟结果相叠加确定目标更新优化区域,提出更新优化策略并进行模拟验证,以探索在城市更新中提升高密度传统街区应急疏散能力的有效途径。
With rapid urbanization, a lot of cities in China have entered the era of the parallel development of incremental planning and stock planning, and the central areas of cities are characterized by high density, high intensity and high complexity. As a result, a lot of serious security problems are challenging the development of these cities.Urban regeneration can be adopted as an important way to enhance the ability of disaster prevention and to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation in high-density urban areas. In this paper, Site No.5 of Tianjin Xiao Bai Lou is selected as a research area. The author has carried out an in-depth investigation and analysis of the layout of architecture, public space, and crowd characteristics as the basic data, and simulates the preliminary renewal plan of Site No.5 of Tianjin Xiao Bai Lou using Anylogic software from the angle of emergency evacuation to analyse the core problems of crowd evacuation when faced with sudden disasters such as an earthquake. Then the author integrates the influencing factor of building property rights and housing protection value to carry out the feasibility evaluation of block regeneration, and superimposes the result of the feasibility evaluation and analogue simulation in oder to determine a target area for block regeneration. Finally, the optimal strategy of block regeneration, which is verified by simulation, is proposed in order to explore the most effective way of upgrading the emergency evacuation capability of traditional blocks of high density through urban regeneration.
With rapid urbanization, a lot of cities in China have entered the era of the parallel development of incremental planning and stock planning, and the central areas of cities are characterized by high density, high intensity and high complexity. As a result, a lot of serious security problems are challenging the development of these cities.Urban regeneration can be adopted as an important way to enhance the ability of disaster prevention and to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation in high-density urban areas. In this paper, Site No.5 of Tianjin Xiao Bai Lou is selected as a research area. The author has carried out an in-depth investigation and analysis of the layout of architecture, public space, and crowd characteristics as the basic data, and simulates the preliminary renewal plan of Site No.5 of Tianjin Xiao Bai Lou using Anylogic software from the angle of emergency evacuation to analyse the core problems of crowd evacuation when faced with sudden disasters such as an earthquake. Then the author integrates the influencing factor of building property rights and housing protection value to carry out the feasibility evaluation of block regeneration, and superimposes the result of the feasibility evaluation and analogue simulation in oder to determine a target area for block regeneration. Finally, the optimal strategy of block regeneration, which is verified by simulation, is proposed in order to explore the most effective way of upgrading the emergency evacuation capability of traditional blocks of high density through urban regeneration.
引文
[1]郭明琳.北方城镇传统街区更新发展研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2018.
[2]杨洋.传统街区的改造与更新[D].太原:太原理工大学,2018.
[3]张又天.历史建筑密集区常见灾害影响及防灾策略研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.
[4]罗永,金晓霞.鱼凫古镇的涅槃与重生--李嘉诚基金会捐助“5·12”地震极重灾区彭州市小鱼洞镇灾后社区重建回眸[J].中国减灾,2012(12):9-17.
[5]赵燕菁.存量规划:理论与实践[J].北京规划建设,2014(4):153-156.
[6]王江波,戴慎志,苟爱萍.城市避难场所应急服务能力评价方法与规划应对[J].规划师,2014,30(10):104-109.
[7]李刚,苏经宇,马东辉,等.城市地震应急避难场所规划方法研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2006(10):901-906.
[8]黄静,叶明武,王军,等.基于GIS的社区居民避震疏散区划方法及应用研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(2):204-210.
[9]周铁军,何晓丽,王大川.基于灰关联分析法的商业中心区避难道路安全评价研究--以重庆市沙坪坝商业中心为例[J].西部人居环境学刊,2013(6):1-5.
[10]吕雪静,曾坚,张晓燕.基于数字模拟的城市街区人员安全疏散研究[C]//中国城市规划学会,贵阳市人民政府.新常态:传承与变革--2015中国城市规划年会论文集.2015:14.
[11]左进,董菁,翁文婷,等.基于应急避难需求的山地大学校园出入口安全评价--以重庆大学A区为例[J].南方建筑,2013(6):33-36.
[12]侯超然.历史文化街区的防火防震改造研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.
[13]张丽娜.历史街区的防灾减灾设计研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[14]高超.历史保护街区安全因子与评价指标体系研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[15]连翃毅.防灾型都市更新地区划定之研究--以台中市为例[D].台中:台湾逢甲大学,2015.
[16]周文科,赵欢,周慧娟.基于AnyLogic仿真的高校宿舍火灾疏散研究[J].消防科学与技术,2014,33(12):1383-1386.
[17]钱重阳.基于社会力模型的商场火灾疏散研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2017.
[18]钟少波,余致辰,杨永胜,等.基于社会力模型的机场人员疏散建模研究[J].系统仿真学报,2018,30(10):3648-3656.
[19]林姚宇,丁川,吴昌广,等.城市高密度住区居民应急疏散行为研究[J].规划师,2013,29(7):105-109.
[20]Weifeng F,Lizhong Y,Weicheng F.Simulation of bidirection pedestrian movement using a cellular automata model[J].Physical A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applicati ons,2003,321(3):633-640.
[21]Togawa K.Study on fire escapes basing on the observation of multitude currents[R].Tokyo,Japan:Building Research Institute,Ministry of Construction,1955:24-28.
[22]冯玉军.我国宗教财产保护的问题及对策[J].中国宗教,2014(10):55-57.
[23]黄松林,郭银汉,杨秋燕,等.社区复原韧性与社会工作灾害重建的关系[J].台湾社区工作与社区研究学刊,2012(4):1-28.
[2]杨洋.传统街区的改造与更新[D].太原:太原理工大学,2018.
[3]张又天.历史建筑密集区常见灾害影响及防灾策略研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.
[4]罗永,金晓霞.鱼凫古镇的涅槃与重生--李嘉诚基金会捐助“5·12”地震极重灾区彭州市小鱼洞镇灾后社区重建回眸[J].中国减灾,2012(12):9-17.
[5]赵燕菁.存量规划:理论与实践[J].北京规划建设,2014(4):153-156.
[6]王江波,戴慎志,苟爱萍.城市避难场所应急服务能力评价方法与规划应对[J].规划师,2014,30(10):104-109.
[7]李刚,苏经宇,马东辉,等.城市地震应急避难场所规划方法研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2006(10):901-906.
[8]黄静,叶明武,王军,等.基于GIS的社区居民避震疏散区划方法及应用研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(2):204-210.
[9]周铁军,何晓丽,王大川.基于灰关联分析法的商业中心区避难道路安全评价研究--以重庆市沙坪坝商业中心为例[J].西部人居环境学刊,2013(6):1-5.
[10]吕雪静,曾坚,张晓燕.基于数字模拟的城市街区人员安全疏散研究[C]//中国城市规划学会,贵阳市人民政府.新常态:传承与变革--2015中国城市规划年会论文集.2015:14.
[11]左进,董菁,翁文婷,等.基于应急避难需求的山地大学校园出入口安全评价--以重庆大学A区为例[J].南方建筑,2013(6):33-36.
[12]侯超然.历史文化街区的防火防震改造研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.
[13]张丽娜.历史街区的防灾减灾设计研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[14]高超.历史保护街区安全因子与评价指标体系研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[15]连翃毅.防灾型都市更新地区划定之研究--以台中市为例[D].台中:台湾逢甲大学,2015.
[16]周文科,赵欢,周慧娟.基于AnyLogic仿真的高校宿舍火灾疏散研究[J].消防科学与技术,2014,33(12):1383-1386.
[17]钱重阳.基于社会力模型的商场火灾疏散研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2017.
[18]钟少波,余致辰,杨永胜,等.基于社会力模型的机场人员疏散建模研究[J].系统仿真学报,2018,30(10):3648-3656.
[19]林姚宇,丁川,吴昌广,等.城市高密度住区居民应急疏散行为研究[J].规划师,2013,29(7):105-109.
[20]Weifeng F,Lizhong Y,Weicheng F.Simulation of bidirection pedestrian movement using a cellular automata model[J].Physical A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applicati ons,2003,321(3):633-640.
[21]Togawa K.Study on fire escapes basing on the observation of multitude currents[R].Tokyo,Japan:Building Research Institute,Ministry of Construction,1955:24-28.
[22]冯玉军.我国宗教财产保护的问题及对策[J].中国宗教,2014(10):55-57.
[23]黄松林,郭银汉,杨秋燕,等.社区复原韧性与社会工作灾害重建的关系[J].台湾社区工作与社区研究学刊,2012(4):1-28.