冬季猪舍内温湿度与有害气体分布规律研究
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摘要
本试验旨在研究冬季不同类型猪舍(妊娠舍、分娩舍和保育舍)内温度、相对湿度、风速、氨气(NH_3)和二氧化碳(CO_2)浓度的变化规律、分布情况及其影响因素,为完善猪场的环境调控措施提供理论依据。本试验采用1412型光声多点气体检测仪,RC-4HC温湿度计以及Testo 425型风速仪,分别监测猪舍内的NH_3和CO_2、温湿度和风速的动态变化。监测高度设在距离地面0.8 m和1.5 m处,每日间隔2小时监测1次,连续监测3 d。结果显示:分娩舍内的温湿度最高,其次为保育舍,妊娠舍最低;而风速则相反,妊娠舍内风速最高,其次为保育舍,分娩舍最低;妊娠舍、分娩舍和保育舍内的NH_3浓度范围分别为9.16～11.17 mg/m~3,9.52～10.79 mg/m~3和8.08～8.31 mg/m~3;CO_2浓度范围分别为2 687～4 107 mg/m~3,3 084～3 792 mg/m~3,1 654～2 233 mg/m~3;通过三个舍内环境因子的相关性分析,温度、湿度、NH_3与CO_2彼此间显著相关。研究表明NH_3浓度水平表现为分娩舍>妊娠舍>保育舍>舍外,四者均未超过国家标准(20 mg/m~3)。CO_2浓度水平表现为分娩舍>妊娠舍>保育舍>舍外,三种类型猪舍浓度均超过国家标准(1 500 mg/m~3)。
The experiment aims to study the distribution and correlation of environmental indicators such as temperature, relative humidity, ammonia concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in different types of pig houses in winter, and provide a theoretical basis for the healthy production of pigs.In this experiment, 1412 photoacoustic multipoint gas detector, TH101 C type temperature and humidity meter and Testo 425 anemometer were used to monitor the temperature, humidity, wind speed, NH_(3 )and CO_2 in three types of pig houses in gestation house, farrowing house and nursery house. The monitoring height was set at 0.8 m and 1.5 m from the ground. The temperature and humidity, NH_3 and CO_2 were monitored once every 2 hours, and monitored continuously for 3 days.The results showed that the temperature and humidity showed that the farrowing house was higher than the nursery house than the gestation house, and the wind speed showed that the gestation house was larger than the nursery house than the farrowing house; The NH_3 concentration range of gestation house, farrowing house and nursery house were 9.16-11.17 mg/m~3, 9.52-10.79 mg/m~3, 8.08-8.31 mg/m~(3 )respectively; the concentration range of CO_2 in gestation house, farrowing house and nursery house was 2 687-4 107 mg/m~3, 3 084-3 792 mg/m~3, 1 654-2 233 mg/m~3 respectively. Temperature, humidity, NH_3 and CO_2 are significantly related to each other. Conclusion: The level of NH_3 is expressed as the farrowing house>gestation house>nursery house>shelf house, and all of them do not exceed the national standard(20 mg/m~3). The CO_2 concentration level was expressed as the farrowing house>gestation house>nursery house>shelf house, and the concentration of the three types of pig houses exceeded the national standard(1500 mg/m~3).
The experiment aims to study the distribution and correlation of environmental indicators such as temperature, relative humidity, ammonia concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in different types of pig houses in winter, and provide a theoretical basis for the healthy production of pigs.In this experiment, 1412 photoacoustic multipoint gas detector, TH101 C type temperature and humidity meter and Testo 425 anemometer were used to monitor the temperature, humidity, wind speed, NH_(3 )and CO_2 in three types of pig houses in gestation house, farrowing house and nursery house. The monitoring height was set at 0.8 m and 1.5 m from the ground. The temperature and humidity, NH_3 and CO_2 were monitored once every 2 hours, and monitored continuously for 3 days.The results showed that the temperature and humidity showed that the farrowing house was higher than the nursery house than the gestation house, and the wind speed showed that the gestation house was larger than the nursery house than the farrowing house; The NH_3 concentration range of gestation house, farrowing house and nursery house were 9.16-11.17 mg/m~3, 9.52-10.79 mg/m~3, 8.08-8.31 mg/m~(3 )respectively; the concentration range of CO_2 in gestation house, farrowing house and nursery house was 2 687-4 107 mg/m~3, 3 084-3 792 mg/m~3, 1 654-2 233 mg/m~3 respectively. Temperature, humidity, NH_3 and CO_2 are significantly related to each other. Conclusion: The level of NH_3 is expressed as the farrowing house>gestation house>nursery house>shelf house, and all of them do not exceed the national standard(20 mg/m~3). The CO_2 concentration level was expressed as the farrowing house>gestation house>nursery house>shelf house, and the concentration of the three types of pig houses exceeded the national standard(1500 mg/m~3).
引文
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[21] 王骞.禽畜舍环境多参数监测系统的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2012.
[22] 吴媛媛,王深圳,魏明,等.换气与等离子体净化器对冬季哺乳母猪舍空气质量的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(08):60-64,75.
[23] 龚建军,何志平,雷云峰,等.传统分娩猪舍内环境参数时空分布规律研究[J].养猪,2015,(3):76-80.
[24] 朱志平,董红敏,尚斌,等.育肥猪舍氨气浓度测定与排放通量的估算[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):1076-1080.
[2] 于潇滢,韩蕊,秦贵信.环境温度对猪生产性能、养分消化和产热量的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,(9):136-138.
[3] 王阳,王朝元,李保明.蛋鸡舍冬季CO2浓度控制标准与最小通风量确定[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):240-244.
[4] 张静,刘双红,孙斌.猪场舍内氨气对猪的危害[J].现代畜牧科技,2014,(4):26-26.
[5] Eilerman SJ,Peischl J,Neuman JA,et al.Characterization of ammonia,methane,and nitrous oxide emissions from concentrated animal feeding operations in northeastern colorado[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2016,50(20):10885-10893.
[6] 赵勇,沈伟,张宏福.大气微粒、氨气和硫化氢影响动物繁殖机能和生产性能的研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(4):132-138.
[7] 要志强,李玉春.畜禽舍中有害气体对畜禽的影响及防控措施[J].畜禽业,2010,(10):22-23.
[8] 暴雪艳,张静,张楠,等.冬季分娩猪舍内主要有害气体分布规律及其影响因素探究[J].山西农业科学,2018,(6):1019-1023.
[9] CambraLópez M,Aarnink A J A,Yang Z,et al.Airborne particulate matter from livestock production systems:a review of an air pollution problem.[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(1):1-17.
[10] 刘玉龙,周海.温度和湿度对猪的影响及其控制措施[J].现代畜牧科技,2016,(12):31-31.
[11] 孙永波,栾素军,王亚,等.舍内不同湿度对肉鸡体热调节和血液指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(4):669-677.
[12] 李如治.家畜环境卫生学[M].第4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
[13] 北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所.规模猪场环境参数及环境管理[S].中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局;中国国家标准化管理委员会,2008:8.
[14] Kim K Y,Ko H J,Lee K J,et al.Temporal and spatial distributions of aerial contaminants in an enclosed pig building in winter[J].Environmental Research,2005,99(2):150-157.
[15] 吴胜,沈丹,唐倩,等.规模化半封闭式猪场舍内颗粒物、氨气和二氧化碳分布规律[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(03):30-38.
[16] 王美芝,吴中红,刘继军,等.猪舍有害气体及颗粒物环境参数研究综述[J].猪业科学,2016,33(4):34-36.
[17] Philippe F,Cabaraux JF,Nicks B.Ammonia emissions from pig houses:Influencing factors and mitigation techniques[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2011,141(3):245-260.
[18] 沈丹,戴鹏远,吴胜,等.冬季封闭式肉种鸡舍空气颗粒物、氨气和二氧化碳分布特点及PM2.5理化特性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(06):1178-1193.
[19] Anthony TR,Altmaier R,Jones S,et al.Use of recirculating ventilation with dust filtration to improve wintertime air quality in a swine farrowing room[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2015,12(9):12.
[20] Létourneau V,Nehmé B,Mériaux A,et al.Impact of production systems on swine confinement buildings bioaerosols[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2009,7(2):94-102.
[21] 王骞.禽畜舍环境多参数监测系统的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2012.
[22] 吴媛媛,王深圳,魏明,等.换气与等离子体净化器对冬季哺乳母猪舍空气质量的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(08):60-64,75.
[23] 龚建军,何志平,雷云峰,等.传统分娩猪舍内环境参数时空分布规律研究[J].养猪,2015,(3):76-80.
[24] 朱志平,董红敏,尚斌,等.育肥猪舍氨气浓度测定与排放通量的估算[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):1076-1080.