面向低碳认证的家电产品碳排放核算方法研究
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摘要
开展产品的低碳认证是指导企业开展产品低碳设计、推动低碳消费和实现国家减排计划任务的重要基础性工作。目前,对于具有设计款式多样、制造产业链长、使用情况多变、回收不确定度大等特点的家电产品,核算情况复杂、核算难度大,缺乏相应的低碳认证基础理论的支撑。文章在全生命周期分析的框架下,提出了基于商空间理论的碳排放静态计算方法和基于多情景分析的碳排放关键因素识别方法;在考虑到碳排放核算过程可操作性和核算结果普适性问题的基础上,识别出产品生命周期碳排放的主要阶段和关键因素;最后以空调产品为例,对其进行了生命周期碳排放核算,论证了该方法的可行性和有效性。
It is an essential task to carry out low-carbon product certification in order to guide enterprises in designing and developing low-carbon products,promote low-carbon consumption and accomplish the national emission reduction plan.Currently,as household appliances have characteristics of design with a variety of styles,manufacturing with long industry chains,use with many cases,high uncertainty in recycling,etc.,carbon emission accounting is complicated,difficult and lack of relevant basic theory of low-carbon certification.In the framework of life-cycle assessment,static carbon emission calculation method based on quotient space theory and key carbon emission factor identification method based on multi-scenario analysis are proposed.Taking into account the operability of accounting process and the universality of accounting results,main stages and key factors of product life-cycle carbon emissions can be identified.Finally,a carbon emission accounting on air conditioning products is carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
It is an essential task to carry out low-carbon product certification in order to guide enterprises in designing and developing low-carbon products,promote low-carbon consumption and accomplish the national emission reduction plan.Currently,as household appliances have characteristics of design with a variety of styles,manufacturing with long industry chains,use with many cases,high uncertainty in recycling,etc.,carbon emission accounting is complicated,difficult and lack of relevant basic theory of low-carbon certification.In the framework of life-cycle assessment,static carbon emission calculation method based on quotient space theory and key carbon emission factor identification method based on multi-scenario analysis are proposed.Taking into account the operability of accounting process and the universality of accounting results,main stages and key factors of product life-cycle carbon emissions can be identified.Finally,a carbon emission accounting on air conditioning products is carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
引文
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[2]张雷,马军,符永高,等.产品装配过程碳排放解算[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(3):151-160.
[3]孙锌,刘晶茹,杨东.家用空调碳足迹及其关键影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):1054-1060.
[4] ZHANG L,HUANG H,HU D,et al.Greenhouse gases(GHG)emissions analysis of manufacturing of the hydraulic press slider within forging machine in China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,113:565-576.
[5]鲍宏,刘光复,王吉凯.采用碳足迹分析的产品低碳优化设计[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2013,52(2):264-272.
[6]杨东,刘晶茹,杨建新,等.基于生命周期评价的风力发电机碳足迹分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(3):927-934.
[7]张铃,张钹.问题求解理论及应用:商空间粒度计算理论及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:45-65.
[8]张燕平,张铃,吴涛.不同粒度世界的描述法:商空间法[J].计算机学报,2004,27(3):328-333.
[9]娄伟.情景分析理论与方法[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2012:105-135.
[10]刘宝光.敏感性数据分析与可靠性评定[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995:213-217.