基于DEVS的机械加工过程碳排放多粒度动态模型构建及仿真
|
摘要
机械加工过程碳排放分析是低碳制造(Low carbon manufacturing, LCM)技术发展、创新及应用的基础。针对加工过程中的离散性、动态性及加工设备的高度非线性特点,同时为充分反映多设备、多工艺特征下的各类外部、内部事件对加工过程碳排放的影响,提出一种基于离散事件系统规范(Discrete event system specification,DEVS)的机械加工过程碳排放多粒度动态模型与仿真方法。基于对加工过程层级结构及碳排放特性的分析,采用DEVS分层阶梯建模方法,并结合信息控制下的加工运行机制及调度规则,构建设备层、工作组层、工艺链层的碳排放多粒度动态模型。以某全数控磨床尾架主轴的加工过程为例,基于Eclipse平台下的CD++Builder插件设计了各层次DEVS仿真模型,并通过所开发的仿真应用程序,对模型及方法进行了验证。该方法对于构建规范化、形式化的加工过程碳排放模型,实现加工过程各层级碳排放的实时动态分析与预测、定量评估低碳加工单元具有较广阔的应用前景。
The carbon emissions analysis on machining process is the base of the development, innovation and application on Low Carbon Manufacturing(LCM) technology. According to the characteristic of discreteness and dynamism during manufacturing, as well as the highly nonlinear features on processing equipment, meanwhile, for the purpose of fully reflect the carbon emissions variation when various external and internal events occurs under the multiple equipment and processes circumstances. A method for multi-granularity dynamic model establishment and simulation of carbon emissions on machining process based on Discrete Event System Specification(DEVS) is proposed. Based on comprehensive analysis of the hierarchical structure and carbon emissions characteristic of machining process, multi-granularity carbon emissions analysis models on process chain level, workstation level, and machine level are established by employing the hierarchical modeling structure of DEVS associate with the running mechanism and scheduling rules. The model is applied to a tailstock spindle machining process. The DEVS simulation models on each level are designed by using CD++Builder plug-in based on Eclipse. The corresponding simulation program is developed to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. The results show that the method is suitable to establish the standardized and formalized carbon emissions model of machining process. And the model can provide real-time dynamic analysis and prediction of carbon emissions during manufacturing, and quantitative evaluate low carbon processing unit, which has significance in practice.
The carbon emissions analysis on machining process is the base of the development, innovation and application on Low Carbon Manufacturing(LCM) technology. According to the characteristic of discreteness and dynamism during manufacturing, as well as the highly nonlinear features on processing equipment, meanwhile, for the purpose of fully reflect the carbon emissions variation when various external and internal events occurs under the multiple equipment and processes circumstances. A method for multi-granularity dynamic model establishment and simulation of carbon emissions on machining process based on Discrete Event System Specification(DEVS) is proposed. Based on comprehensive analysis of the hierarchical structure and carbon emissions characteristic of machining process, multi-granularity carbon emissions analysis models on process chain level, workstation level, and machine level are established by employing the hierarchical modeling structure of DEVS associate with the running mechanism and scheduling rules. The model is applied to a tailstock spindle machining process. The DEVS simulation models on each level are designed by using CD++Builder plug-in based on Eclipse. The corresponding simulation program is developed to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. The results show that the method is suitable to establish the standardized and formalized carbon emissions model of machining process. And the model can provide real-time dynamic analysis and prediction of carbon emissions during manufacturing, and quantitative evaluate low carbon processing unit, which has significance in practice.
引文
[1]工信部.工业绿色发展规划(2016-2020年)[J].有色冶金节能,2016,32(5):36-36.Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.Industrial green development planning(2016-2020)[J].Nonferrous Metallurgical Energy Conservation,2016,32(5):36-36.
[2]PETRILLO A,FELICE F D,JANNELLI E et al.Life cycle assessment(LCA)and life cycle cost(LCC)analysis model for a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system[J].Clean Technologies&Environmental Policy,2016,95(2016)337-355.
[3]LI H C,CAO H J,PAN X Y.A carbon emission analysis model for electronics manufacturing process based on value-stream mapping and sensitivity analysis[J].International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2012,25(12):1102-1110.
[4]SHI X,MEIER H.Carbon emission assessment to support planning and operation of low-carbon production systems[C]//Procedia CIRP,2012,3:329-334.
[5]张琦,贾国玉,蔡九菊,等.钢铁企业炼铁系统碳素流分析及CO2减排措施[J].东北大学学报,2013,34(3):392-394.ZHANG qi,JIA guoyu,CAI Jiuju,et al.Carbon flow analysis and CO2 emission reduction strategies of iron-making system in steel enterprise[J].Journal of Northeastern University,2013,34(3):392-394.
[6]ZHANG X F,ZHANG S Y,HU Z Y,et al.Identification of connection units with high GHG emissions for low-carbon product structure design[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,27(6):118-125.
[7]MEIER H,SHI X.A systematic approach to resource-efficient process planning for low-carbon manufacturing[C]//Proceedings of 44th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems,Madison,2015.
[8]LI C,TANG Y,CUI L,et al.A quantitative approach to analyze carbon emissions of CNC-based machining systems[J].Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2015,26(5):911-922.
[9]张雷,马军,符永高,等.产品装配过程碳排放解算[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(3):151-160.ZHANG Lei,MA Jun,FU Yonggao,et al.Carbon emission analysis for product assembly process[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(3):151-160.
[10]HIBINO H,SAKUMA T,YAMAGUCHI M.Manufacturing system simulation for evaluation of productivity and energy consumption[J].Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design Systems&Manufacturing,2014,8(2):JAMDSM0014-JAMDSM0014.
[11]何彦,林申龙,王禹林,等.数控机床多能量源的动态能耗建模与仿真方法[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(11):123-132.HE Yan,LIN Shenlong,WANG Yulin,et al.Method for modeling the dynamic energy characteristics of multi-energy sources in CNC machine tool[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(11):123-132.
[12]李先广,李聪波,刘飞,等.基于Petri网的机床制造过程碳排放建模与量化方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2012,18(12):2723-2735.LI Xianguang,LI Congbo,LIU Fei,et al.Modeling and quantification methods for carbon emission in machine tools manufacturing processes based on Petri nets[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2012,18(12):2723-2735.
[13]曹华军,李洪丞,宋胜利,等.基于生命周期评价的机床生命周期碳排放评估方法及应用[J].计算机集成制造系统,2011,17(11):2432-2437.CAO Huajun,LI Hongcheng,SONG Shengli,et al.Evaluation method and application for carbon emissions of machine tool based on life cycle assessmen[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2011,17(11):2432-2437.
[14]尹久,曹华军,杜彦斌.基于扩展一阶混合Petri网的机械制造系统碳流动态建模方法[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(23):152-160.YIN Jiu,CAO Huajun,DU Yanbin.Dynamic modeling of carbon flow for mechanical manufacturing system based on extended first-order hybrid Petri nets[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(23):152-160.
[15]李聪波,崔龙国,刘飞,等.基于广义边界的机械加工系统碳排放量化方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(9):2229-2236.LI Congbo,CUI Longguo,LIU Fei,et al.Carbon emissions quantitative method of machining system based on generalized boundary[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(9):2229-2236.
[16]YU S W,WEI Y M,GUO H,et al.Carbon emission coefficient measurement of the coal-to-power energy chain in China[J].Applied Energy,2014,114(2):290-300.
[17]国家统计局能源统计司.中国能源统计年鉴2015[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.Energy Statistics Division,National Bureau of Statistics.China energy statistical yearbook 2015[M].Beijing:China statistics press,2015.
[18]中国钢铁工业协会.中国钢铁统计年鉴2007[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2007.China Iron and Steel Association.China's steel statistics yearbook in 2007[M].Beijing:China statistics press,2007.
[19]LI C B,CUI L G,LIU F,et al.Multi-objective NCmachining parameters optimization model for high efficiency and low carbon[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(9):87-96.
[20]ZEIGLER B,PRAEHOFER H,KIM T G.Theory of modeling and simulation[M].USA:Academic Press,2000.
[21]WAINER G.CD++:A toolkit to develop DEVS models[J].Software-Practice and Experience,2002,32(13):1-46.
[2]PETRILLO A,FELICE F D,JANNELLI E et al.Life cycle assessment(LCA)and life cycle cost(LCC)analysis model for a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system[J].Clean Technologies&Environmental Policy,2016,95(2016)337-355.
[3]LI H C,CAO H J,PAN X Y.A carbon emission analysis model for electronics manufacturing process based on value-stream mapping and sensitivity analysis[J].International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2012,25(12):1102-1110.
[4]SHI X,MEIER H.Carbon emission assessment to support planning and operation of low-carbon production systems[C]//Procedia CIRP,2012,3:329-334.
[5]张琦,贾国玉,蔡九菊,等.钢铁企业炼铁系统碳素流分析及CO2减排措施[J].东北大学学报,2013,34(3):392-394.ZHANG qi,JIA guoyu,CAI Jiuju,et al.Carbon flow analysis and CO2 emission reduction strategies of iron-making system in steel enterprise[J].Journal of Northeastern University,2013,34(3):392-394.
[6]ZHANG X F,ZHANG S Y,HU Z Y,et al.Identification of connection units with high GHG emissions for low-carbon product structure design[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,27(6):118-125.
[7]MEIER H,SHI X.A systematic approach to resource-efficient process planning for low-carbon manufacturing[C]//Proceedings of 44th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems,Madison,2015.
[8]LI C,TANG Y,CUI L,et al.A quantitative approach to analyze carbon emissions of CNC-based machining systems[J].Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2015,26(5):911-922.
[9]张雷,马军,符永高,等.产品装配过程碳排放解算[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(3):151-160.ZHANG Lei,MA Jun,FU Yonggao,et al.Carbon emission analysis for product assembly process[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(3):151-160.
[10]HIBINO H,SAKUMA T,YAMAGUCHI M.Manufacturing system simulation for evaluation of productivity and energy consumption[J].Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design Systems&Manufacturing,2014,8(2):JAMDSM0014-JAMDSM0014.
[11]何彦,林申龙,王禹林,等.数控机床多能量源的动态能耗建模与仿真方法[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(11):123-132.HE Yan,LIN Shenlong,WANG Yulin,et al.Method for modeling the dynamic energy characteristics of multi-energy sources in CNC machine tool[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(11):123-132.
[12]李先广,李聪波,刘飞,等.基于Petri网的机床制造过程碳排放建模与量化方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2012,18(12):2723-2735.LI Xianguang,LI Congbo,LIU Fei,et al.Modeling and quantification methods for carbon emission in machine tools manufacturing processes based on Petri nets[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2012,18(12):2723-2735.
[13]曹华军,李洪丞,宋胜利,等.基于生命周期评价的机床生命周期碳排放评估方法及应用[J].计算机集成制造系统,2011,17(11):2432-2437.CAO Huajun,LI Hongcheng,SONG Shengli,et al.Evaluation method and application for carbon emissions of machine tool based on life cycle assessmen[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2011,17(11):2432-2437.
[14]尹久,曹华军,杜彦斌.基于扩展一阶混合Petri网的机械制造系统碳流动态建模方法[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(23):152-160.YIN Jiu,CAO Huajun,DU Yanbin.Dynamic modeling of carbon flow for mechanical manufacturing system based on extended first-order hybrid Petri nets[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(23):152-160.
[15]李聪波,崔龙国,刘飞,等.基于广义边界的机械加工系统碳排放量化方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(9):2229-2236.LI Congbo,CUI Longguo,LIU Fei,et al.Carbon emissions quantitative method of machining system based on generalized boundary[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(9):2229-2236.
[16]YU S W,WEI Y M,GUO H,et al.Carbon emission coefficient measurement of the coal-to-power energy chain in China[J].Applied Energy,2014,114(2):290-300.
[17]国家统计局能源统计司.中国能源统计年鉴2015[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.Energy Statistics Division,National Bureau of Statistics.China energy statistical yearbook 2015[M].Beijing:China statistics press,2015.
[18]中国钢铁工业协会.中国钢铁统计年鉴2007[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2007.China Iron and Steel Association.China's steel statistics yearbook in 2007[M].Beijing:China statistics press,2007.
[19]LI C B,CUI L G,LIU F,et al.Multi-objective NCmachining parameters optimization model for high efficiency and low carbon[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(9):87-96.
[20]ZEIGLER B,PRAEHOFER H,KIM T G.Theory of modeling and simulation[M].USA:Academic Press,2000.
[21]WAINER G.CD++:A toolkit to develop DEVS models[J].Software-Practice and Experience,2002,32(13):1-46.