弗兰克-赫兹实验探究
|
摘要
采用电子科技大学的弗兰克-赫兹实验智能测量仪器,通过改变不同的实验条件,研究阴极电压的改变对热电子产生的影响。通过不同的数据处理手段分析比较,结合相关原子理论,较为精确地测量了原子第一激发电势,并对实验中测量得到的氩原子第一激发电势的误差进行了解释。该文从不同方面、不同角度,采用不同的数据处理方法较为精确地测量氩原子第一激发电势,由于有接触电势差的存在,故对结果进行了修正。从接触电势差和原子能级亚稳态角度给出了更为合理的解释。通过该实验可以从宏观电压-电流曲线了解微观世界的变化,增强了学生对玻尔原子理论的了解,锻炼了学生的动手能力及形象思考能力。
By changing the different experimental conditions,the influence of change of the cathode voltage on the generation of the hot electrons was studied by using the Frank-Hertz experimental measuring instrument of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Through the analysis and comparison of different data processing methods and the relative atomic theory,the first excitation potential of the atom was measured more accurately,and the error of the first excitation potential measured in the experiments was explained. In this paper,the first excitation potential of argon atom is measured by different data processing methods from different aspects and different angles,and the results is corrected because of the presence of contact potential difference. A more reasonable explanation is given from the contact potential difference and the metastable state of the atomic energy level. Through this experiment,we can understand the changes in the microcosmic world from the macro voltage-current curve,enhance students' understanding of Bohr' s atom theory,and exercise the students' ability to do the work and thinking ability of the image.
By changing the different experimental conditions,the influence of change of the cathode voltage on the generation of the hot electrons was studied by using the Frank-Hertz experimental measuring instrument of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Through the analysis and comparison of different data processing methods and the relative atomic theory,the first excitation potential of the atom was measured more accurately,and the error of the first excitation potential measured in the experiments was explained. In this paper,the first excitation potential of argon atom is measured by different data processing methods from different aspects and different angles,and the results is corrected because of the presence of contact potential difference. A more reasonable explanation is given from the contact potential difference and the metastable state of the atomic energy level. Through this experiment,we can understand the changes in the microcosmic world from the macro voltage-current curve,enhance students' understanding of Bohr' s atom theory,and exercise the students' ability to do the work and thinking ability of the image.
引文
[1]RAPLOR G,SENGSTOCK K,BAEV V. New features of the Franck-Hertz experiment[J]. Am J Phys,2006,74(5):423-428.
[2]张孔时,丁慎训.物理实验教程:普通物理实验部分[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991,112-132.
[3]翁斯灏,郑锡林,翁晓隽,等.弗兰克-赫兹实验中电子和汞原子的碰撞机理[J].大学物理,1995,14(3):729-734.
[4]朱筱玮,陈永丽,充氩弗兰克-赫兹实验研究[J].大学物理,2007,26(7):432.
[5]万雄,王庆,熊文林,等.弗兰克-赫兹实验中影响曲线形状的因素分析[J].南昌航空工业大学学报,2001,15(1):82-85.
[6]周小莉,刘兴全,孙禹.弗兰克-赫兹实验曲线分析[J].哈尔滨师范大学(自然科学学报),2003,19(1):36-38.
[7]李斌,赵维义,谭鹏.弗兰克-赫兹实验现象的理论分析[J].佛山科学技术学院学报(自然科学版),2003,21(3):17-19.
[8]王梅生.弗兰克-赫兹实验中的峰间距问题[J].物理实验,2001,21(11):40-43.
[9]梁方束.对单色仪定标实验中的Hg光谱谱线补充标定的讨论[J].大学物理,2004,23(4):31-32.
[10]余祯兆.实验讲义:弗兰克赫兹实验中的峰间距问题研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2007.
[2]张孔时,丁慎训.物理实验教程:普通物理实验部分[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991,112-132.
[3]翁斯灏,郑锡林,翁晓隽,等.弗兰克-赫兹实验中电子和汞原子的碰撞机理[J].大学物理,1995,14(3):729-734.
[4]朱筱玮,陈永丽,充氩弗兰克-赫兹实验研究[J].大学物理,2007,26(7):432.
[5]万雄,王庆,熊文林,等.弗兰克-赫兹实验中影响曲线形状的因素分析[J].南昌航空工业大学学报,2001,15(1):82-85.
[6]周小莉,刘兴全,孙禹.弗兰克-赫兹实验曲线分析[J].哈尔滨师范大学(自然科学学报),2003,19(1):36-38.
[7]李斌,赵维义,谭鹏.弗兰克-赫兹实验现象的理论分析[J].佛山科学技术学院学报(自然科学版),2003,21(3):17-19.
[8]王梅生.弗兰克-赫兹实验中的峰间距问题[J].物理实验,2001,21(11):40-43.
[9]梁方束.对单色仪定标实验中的Hg光谱谱线补充标定的讨论[J].大学物理,2004,23(4):31-32.
[10]余祯兆.实验讲义:弗兰克赫兹实验中的峰间距问题研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2007.