学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查的独立性
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摘要
运用文献资料法、专家访谈法等研究方法,对我国各省份学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查的独立性进行研究。通过对我国各省份学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查独立性的现状、问题、原因及对策的探索,在政策上,可以为教育行政部门改革提供决策思路和参考,在实践上,可以提高学生体质健康测试督查的权威性和有效性,倒逼学生体质健康测试的规范化实施。研究发现,当前我国各省份学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查的独立性差,主要体现在第三方机构与教育厅存在行政隶属关系、存在利益关联、第三方机构工作自主性差3个方面。影响学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查独立性的因素主要为中国传统文化对体育和公民意识的漠视、当事方的利益诉求对第三方机构督查独立性的限制、法规制度缺位、第三方机构发育程度低等。提出保障学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查独立性的对策:教育部对第三方机构督查的责权划分做出设计安排,培养公民意识,扩宽经费来源渠道,第三方机构完善自身治理。
Through literature study and expert interview,this paper studied the independence of the third-party supervision institutions of physical fitness testing for students in various provinces of China.Through exploring into the current situation,problems,causes and countermeasures,it hoped to provide decision-making references for educational departments to take initiative in the reform and to bring about more authorative and effectiveness supervision and to standardize the test.The research showed that the supervision of the third-party institutions for students' physical health test was not independent due to the fact that these institutions were administratively and financially affiliated to the provincial Ministry of Education.Other reasons included the traditional Chinese culture not taking too much of sports and awareness of civic obligations into consideration,the interests of the parties having limited the independence of the third-party supervision,the absence of laws and regulations,and the not so smooth development of the third-party institutions.Countermeasures to guarantee the independence comprised making institutional arrangements,cultivating citizen awareness,broadening the sources of funds,and strengthening the self governance.
Through literature study and expert interview,this paper studied the independence of the third-party supervision institutions of physical fitness testing for students in various provinces of China.Through exploring into the current situation,problems,causes and countermeasures,it hoped to provide decision-making references for educational departments to take initiative in the reform and to bring about more authorative and effectiveness supervision and to standardize the test.The research showed that the supervision of the third-party institutions for students' physical health test was not independent due to the fact that these institutions were administratively and financially affiliated to the provincial Ministry of Education.Other reasons included the traditional Chinese culture not taking too much of sports and awareness of civic obligations into consideration,the interests of the parties having limited the independence of the third-party supervision,the absence of laws and regulations,and the not so smooth development of the third-party institutions.Countermeasures to guarantee the independence comprised making institutional arrangements,cultivating citizen awareness,broadening the sources of funds,and strengthening the self governance.
引文
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[21]陈培友,孙庆祝.青少年体质健康促进管理模式的创新[J].体育学刊,2014,21(2):34-39.
[22]王健,王涛,董国永,等.美国、澳大利亚学校体育外包的实践及经验其实[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(10):83-89.
[23]王辉.影响大学生体质测试的因素及对策研究[J].体育文化导刊,2012(9):88-92.
[24]张强峰,汤长发,颜亮.基于习近平扶贫思想的我国学生体质健康促进策略研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2018,52(9):5-10.
[2]陆明远.政府绩效评估中的第三方参与问题研究[J].生产力研究,2008(6):121-155.
[3]徐双敏.政府绩效管理中的第三方评估模式及其完善[J].中国行政管理,2011(1):28-32.
[4]包国宪,张志栋.我国第三方政府绩效评价组织的自律实现问题探析[J].中国行政管理,2008(1):49-51.
[5]张小亮.第三方政府绩效评估机构织模式研究[D].兰州:兰州大学硕士论文,2010.
[6]邵邦,范明超.政府科技项目第三方评价的影响因素与发展对策[J].中国科技论坛,2018(2):10-14.
[7]方勇,王明明,刘牧.政府职能转变与科技计划项目管理的第三方评估咨询[J].中国科技论坛,2010(8):5-9.
[8]周建国.政策评估中独立第三方的逻辑、困境与出路[J].江海学刊,2009(6):117-121.
[9]王学贤,杨曰建.公共图书馆第三方评估机制研究[J].图书馆,2014(4):45-47.
[10]王刚.基于第三方评价的电子政务绩效评估模式研究[J].情报杂志,2009,28(11):101-104.
[11]徐永祥,潘旦.国际视野下第三方参与慈善组织评估的机制研究[J].江西社会科学,2014(8):205-209.
[12]苏苗罕.美国食品安全监管的第三方审核机制研究[J].北京行政学院学报,2012(3):17-24.
[13]葛孝亿,谢小金.第三方教育评价的法理基础与运行机制---委托代理的视角[J].教育学术月刊,2017(3):54-59.
[14]李树海,丁渠.论对社会组织的社会监督[J].河北法学,2013,31(8):41-47.
[15]Zhu W,Mahar M T,et al.Approaches for development of criterion-referenced standards in health-related youth fitness tests[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2011,41(4):S68-S76.
[16]Council of Europe.Testing Physical Fitness Eurofit Experimental Battery Provisional Handbook,Strasbourg[EB/OL].[2014-02-18].http://www.bitworks-engineering.co.uk/linked/eurofit%20 provisional%20handbook%20leger%20beep%20test%201983.pdf.
[17]Doune Macdonald.Like A Fish in Water:Physical Education Policy and Practice in the Era of Neoliberal Globalization[J].Quest,2011(63):36-45.
[18]全国推进学校体育工作电视电话会议召开[EB/OL].[2012-12-25].http://www.chsi.com.cn/jyzx/201212/20121225/378331006.html.
[19]全国推进学校体育工作电视电话会议召开[EB/OL].[2012-12-25].http://www.chsi.com.cn/jyzx/201212/20121225/378331006.html.
[20]教育部关于印发《学生体质健康监测评价办法》等三个文件的通知[EB/OL].[2014-4-21]http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/s7059/201404/t20140428_168528.html.
[21]陈培友,孙庆祝.青少年体质健康促进管理模式的创新[J].体育学刊,2014,21(2):34-39.
[22]王健,王涛,董国永,等.美国、澳大利亚学校体育外包的实践及经验其实[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(10):83-89.
[23]王辉.影响大学生体质测试的因素及对策研究[J].体育文化导刊,2012(9):88-92.
[24]张强峰,汤长发,颜亮.基于习近平扶贫思想的我国学生体质健康促进策略研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2018,52(9):5-10.