结合等值面绘制与体绘制的电磁环境可视化方法
|
摘要
为提高现有的电磁环境三维可视化效果,提出一种将等值面绘制融合到光线投射体绘制中的网格投影算法。将等值面网格化,利用空间网格表现等值面并融合进体绘制生成的电磁环境图像中。将平面均匀网格平行投影到电磁环境体数据中具有同一数据值的数据采样点上,由此生成网格化的等值面。投影到体数据中的网格沿投射光线的反方向确定其对应于光线投射生成图像上的像素点,并将网格颜色值融合到此像素点中,实现融合绘制电磁环境。在统一计算设备架构(CUDA)下并行实现本文算法后,不仅电磁环境的绘制效果比融合前有提升,而且更新绘制速度能够达到实时,支持用户实时交互控制。
To improve the effect of 3D visualization for electromagnetic environment,this paper proposes a grid projecting algorithm that makes fusion of ray-casting volume rendering with isosurface rendering for electromagnetic environment. The isosurface is transformed into a layer of grid and then the grid is rendered into the image generated by ray-casting algorithm. An inerratic plane grid is projected to the sample data points with the same value in electromagnetic environment data volume,which generates the isosurface grid. Through computing the corresponding pixels of projected grid along the inverse direction of ray-casting and then generating the fusion pixels with grid color,the fusion rendering image of electromagnetic environment is carried out.When this algorithm is implemented parallel under compute unified device architecture( CUDA),the rendering effect of electromagnetic environment is improved compared with that before fusion,and the rendering efficiency is high enough to support user real-time interactive control.
To improve the effect of 3D visualization for electromagnetic environment,this paper proposes a grid projecting algorithm that makes fusion of ray-casting volume rendering with isosurface rendering for electromagnetic environment. The isosurface is transformed into a layer of grid and then the grid is rendered into the image generated by ray-casting algorithm. An inerratic plane grid is projected to the sample data points with the same value in electromagnetic environment data volume,which generates the isosurface grid. Through computing the corresponding pixels of projected grid along the inverse direction of ray-casting and then generating the fusion pixels with grid color,the fusion rendering image of electromagnetic environment is carried out.When this algorithm is implemented parallel under compute unified device architecture( CUDA),the rendering effect of electromagnetic environment is improved compared with that before fusion,and the rendering efficiency is high enough to support user real-time interactive control.
引文
[1]吴迎年,张霖,张利芳,等.电磁环境仿真与可视化研究综述[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(20):6332-6338.WU Y N,ZHANG L,ZHANG L F,et al.Survey on electromagnetic environment simulation and visualization[J].Journal of System Simulation,2009,21(20):6332-6338(in Chinese).
[2]CHEN P,WU L D.3D representation of radar coverage in complicated environment[J].Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory,2008,16(9):1190-1199.
[3]杨超,徐江斌,赵健,等.基于多层等值面的电磁环境三维可视化研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2009,31(11):2767-2772.YANG C,XU J B,ZHAO J,et al.Research on 3D visualization of electromagnetic environment based on multi-isosurface[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2009,31(11):2767-2772(in Chinese).
[4]杨超,徐江斌,吴玲达.硬件加速的虚拟电磁环境体可视化[J].北京邮电大学学报,2011,34(1):55-59.YANG C,XU J B,WU L D.Hardware accelerated volume visualization in virtual electromagnetic environment[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2011,34(1):55-59(in Chinese).
[5]于荣欢,邓宝松,吴玲达,等.三维标量场并行等值面提取与绘制技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2012,24(2):244-251.YU R H,DENG B S,WU L D,et al.Parallel isosurface extracting and rendering of 3D scalar fields[J].Journal of ComputerAided Design&Computer Graphics,2012,24(2):244-251(in Chinese).
[6]BEYER J,HADWIGER M,PFISTER H.A survey of GPUbased large-scale volume visualization[C]∥Proceedings of the Eurographics Conference on Visualization 2014,Swansea,2014:105-123.
[7]ROSEN P.A visual approach to investigating shared and global memory behavior of CUDA kernels[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2013,32(3):161-170.
[8]ZHANG Y,DONG Z,MA K L.Real-time volume rendering in dynamic lighting environments using precomputed photon mapping[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2013,19(8):1317-1330.
[9]马千里,李思昆,白晓征,等.CFD非结构化网格格心格式数据高质量体绘制方法[J].计算机学报,2011,34(3):508-516.MA Q L,LI S K,BAI X Z,et al.High-quality volume rendering of unstructured-grid cell-centered data in CFD[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2011,34(3):508-516(in Chinese).
[10]BRAMON R,RUIZ M,BARDERA A,et al.An information-theoretic observation channel for volume visualization[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2013,32(3):411-420.
[11]MARTIN T,COHEN E,KIRBY R M.Direct isosurface visualization of hex-based high-order geometry and attribute representations[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2012,18(5):753-766.
[12]WANG L,GIESEN J,MCDONNELL K T,et al.Color design for illustrative visualization[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2008,14(6):1739-1746.
[13]SCHOLZ M,BENDER J,DACHSBACHER C.Real-time isosurface extraction with view-dependent level of detail and applications[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2015,34(1):103-115.
[14]冯晓萌,吴玲达,董士伟.CUDA加速的动态电磁环境数据场实时绘制[J].系统仿真学报,2014,26(9):2044-2049.FENG X M,WU L D,DONG S W.CUDA accelerated real-time rendering for dynamic electromagnetic environment volume data[J].Journal of System Simulation,2014,26(9):2044-2049(in Chinese).
[15]BAIR A,HOUSE D.A grid with a view:Optimal texturing for perception of layered surface shape[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2007,13(6):1656-1663.
[2]CHEN P,WU L D.3D representation of radar coverage in complicated environment[J].Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory,2008,16(9):1190-1199.
[3]杨超,徐江斌,赵健,等.基于多层等值面的电磁环境三维可视化研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2009,31(11):2767-2772.YANG C,XU J B,ZHAO J,et al.Research on 3D visualization of electromagnetic environment based on multi-isosurface[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2009,31(11):2767-2772(in Chinese).
[4]杨超,徐江斌,吴玲达.硬件加速的虚拟电磁环境体可视化[J].北京邮电大学学报,2011,34(1):55-59.YANG C,XU J B,WU L D.Hardware accelerated volume visualization in virtual electromagnetic environment[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2011,34(1):55-59(in Chinese).
[5]于荣欢,邓宝松,吴玲达,等.三维标量场并行等值面提取与绘制技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2012,24(2):244-251.YU R H,DENG B S,WU L D,et al.Parallel isosurface extracting and rendering of 3D scalar fields[J].Journal of ComputerAided Design&Computer Graphics,2012,24(2):244-251(in Chinese).
[6]BEYER J,HADWIGER M,PFISTER H.A survey of GPUbased large-scale volume visualization[C]∥Proceedings of the Eurographics Conference on Visualization 2014,Swansea,2014:105-123.
[7]ROSEN P.A visual approach to investigating shared and global memory behavior of CUDA kernels[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2013,32(3):161-170.
[8]ZHANG Y,DONG Z,MA K L.Real-time volume rendering in dynamic lighting environments using precomputed photon mapping[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2013,19(8):1317-1330.
[9]马千里,李思昆,白晓征,等.CFD非结构化网格格心格式数据高质量体绘制方法[J].计算机学报,2011,34(3):508-516.MA Q L,LI S K,BAI X Z,et al.High-quality volume rendering of unstructured-grid cell-centered data in CFD[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2011,34(3):508-516(in Chinese).
[10]BRAMON R,RUIZ M,BARDERA A,et al.An information-theoretic observation channel for volume visualization[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2013,32(3):411-420.
[11]MARTIN T,COHEN E,KIRBY R M.Direct isosurface visualization of hex-based high-order geometry and attribute representations[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2012,18(5):753-766.
[12]WANG L,GIESEN J,MCDONNELL K T,et al.Color design for illustrative visualization[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2008,14(6):1739-1746.
[13]SCHOLZ M,BENDER J,DACHSBACHER C.Real-time isosurface extraction with view-dependent level of detail and applications[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2015,34(1):103-115.
[14]冯晓萌,吴玲达,董士伟.CUDA加速的动态电磁环境数据场实时绘制[J].系统仿真学报,2014,26(9):2044-2049.FENG X M,WU L D,DONG S W.CUDA accelerated real-time rendering for dynamic electromagnetic environment volume data[J].Journal of System Simulation,2014,26(9):2044-2049(in Chinese).
[15]BAIR A,HOUSE D.A grid with a view:Optimal texturing for perception of layered surface shape[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2007,13(6):1656-1663.