基于地震沉积学的含煤岩系沉积相及其演化分析
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摘要
为了探究含煤岩系聚煤前后沉积相及其演化特征,运用地震沉积学解释技术,通过基于最小等时单元地层切片的地震属性优选法及单井层序地层的岩性与微相划分标定法,建立了敏感属性与岩性、沉积相的对应关系,对沁水盆地中裕地区山西组2号煤层聚煤前后沉积相及其演化进行了研究。研究结果表明:中期旋回作为该区的最小等时研究单元,以短期旋回作为控制进行切片可以研究四-五级序界面内的沉积现象;均方根振幅属性可以作为沉积相平面展布特征预测的敏感属性;山西组2号煤层聚煤前为下三角洲沉积环境,聚煤后为上三角洲沉积环境,并识别出了分流河道、天然堤、泛滥盆地和泥炭沼泽等沉积微相及其空间分布。
In order to explore the sedimentary facies and its evolutionary characteristics of coal-bearing formation before and after coal accumulation,the seismic attribute optimization based on the minimum isochronal stratigraphic and the lithology and microfacies division of single well sequence stratigraphy were carried out by using seismic sedimentology interpretation technique,and the relationship between the sensitive attribute and the lithology and sedimentary facies was established. These methods and techniques were applied to the study on the sedimentary facies before and after No.2 coal seam accumulation in Shanxi Formation of Zhongyu area in Qinshui Basin. The study results showed that the medium cycle as the minium isochronal strata unit in this region,and the short-cycle can be used as a control to study the deposition phenomenon in the four-fifth order interface. The root mean square amplitude attribute can be used as a sensitive attribute for predicting the sedimentary facies distribution characteristics. The sedimentary environment before accumulation of the No. 2 coal seam in Shanxi Formation was the lower delta sedimentary environment,and after accumulation of the No.2 coal seam in Shanxi Formation was the upper delta sedimentary environment. The sedimentary microfacies and their spatial distribution of the diversion channel,natural embankment,flood basin and peat swamp were identified.
In order to explore the sedimentary facies and its evolutionary characteristics of coal-bearing formation before and after coal accumulation,the seismic attribute optimization based on the minimum isochronal stratigraphic and the lithology and microfacies division of single well sequence stratigraphy were carried out by using seismic sedimentology interpretation technique,and the relationship between the sensitive attribute and the lithology and sedimentary facies was established. These methods and techniques were applied to the study on the sedimentary facies before and after No.2 coal seam accumulation in Shanxi Formation of Zhongyu area in Qinshui Basin. The study results showed that the medium cycle as the minium isochronal strata unit in this region,and the short-cycle can be used as a control to study the deposition phenomenon in the four-fifth order interface. The root mean square amplitude attribute can be used as a sensitive attribute for predicting the sedimentary facies distribution characteristics. The sedimentary environment before accumulation of the No. 2 coal seam in Shanxi Formation was the lower delta sedimentary environment,and after accumulation of the No.2 coal seam in Shanxi Formation was the upper delta sedimentary environment. The sedimentary microfacies and their spatial distribution of the diversion channel,natural embankment,flood basin and peat swamp were identified.
引文
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[10]徐安娜,郑红菊,董月霞,等.南堡凹陷东营组层序地层格架及沉积相预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):437-443.Xu Anna,Zheng Hongju,Dong Yuexia,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary facies prediction in Dongying Formation of Nanpu Sag[J].Petrolum Exploration and Development,2006,33(4):437-443.
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[15]Zeng Hongliu,Loucks R G,Brown L F.Mapping sediment-dispersal patterns and associated systems tracts in fourth-and fifthorder sequences using seismic sedimentology:Example from Corpus Christi Bay,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):981-1003.
[16]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409.Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Discussion on several issues about seismic sedimentology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(4):405-409.
[17]朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yina,et al.On seismic seidimentology of lacustrine deltaic depositional systems[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921.
[18]刘化清,洪忠,张晶,等.断陷湖盆重力流水道地震沉积学研究:以歧南地区沙一段为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):784-794.Liu Huaqing,Hong Zhong,Zhang Jing,et al.Seismic sedimentology research on fault-depressed lacustrine basin gravity flow channels of Oligocene Es_1 in Qi’nan area,Qikou Sag[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(4):784-794.
[19]刘化清,卫平生,李相博,等.对地震沉积学理论创新的认识[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):7-12,19.Liu Huaqing,Wei Pingsheng,Li Xiangbo,et al.Discussion on theoretical innovation of seismic sedimentology[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(1):7-12,19.
[20]刘波.基准面旋回与沉积旋回的对比方法探讨[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):112-117.Liu Bo.Discussion on the correlation methods of base-levelcycle and sedimentary cycle[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(1):112-117.
[21]刘保国,刘立辉.实用地震沉积学在沉积相分析中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):266-271.Liu Baoguo,Liu Lihui.Application of applied seismic sedimentology in sedimentary facies analysis[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):266-271.
[22]张明禄,郑荣才,达世攀,等.砂体等时对比的高分辨率层序分析技术[J].矿物岩石,2004,24(1):113-120.Zhang Minglu,Zheng Rongcai,Da Shipan,et al.Isochronic correlation of sandybodies by high-resolution sequence technique[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2004,24(1):113-120.
[23]赵海华,吴明荣.关于地震沉积学几个问题的讨论[J].油气地球物理,2009,7(3):9-13.Zhao Haihua,Wu Mingrong.Discussion on several issues about seismic sedimentary[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2009,7(3):9-13.
[24]Zeng Hongliu,Tucker FHentz.High frequency sequence stratigraphy from seismic sedimentology Applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block 50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[25]曾洪流,朱筱敏,朱如凯,等.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):275-284.Zeng Hongliu,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhu Rukai,et al.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine postrift basins[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):275-284.
[26]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets:Part 1:modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):5-7.
[27]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets:Part 2:seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):14-17.
[28]钱荣钧.对地震切片解释中一些问题的分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):482-487.Qian Rongjun.Analysis of some issues in interpretation of seismic slices[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):482-487.
[29]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang Junhua,Zhou Zhenxiao,Tan Mingyou,et al.Several theoretical issues about interpretation of seismic slices[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.
[2]何登发,李德生.沉积盆地动力学研究的新进展[J].地学前缘,1995,2(3):53-58.He Dengfa,Li Desheng.Advances in studies of the dynamics of sedimentary basins[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1995,2(3):53-58.
[3]Blundell D J.Some observation on basin evolution and dynamics[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1991,148:789-800.
[4]魏莲.测井沉积相分析方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2001:1-2.
[5]常锁亮,陈强,刘东娜,等.煤层气封存单元及其地震-地质综合识别方法初探[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):57-66.Chang Suoliang,Chen Qiang,Liu Dongna,et al.Preliminary discussion on coal bed methane storage unit and its seismic geology comprehensive identification method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):57-66.
[6]王仁铎,胡光道.线性地质统计学[M].北京:地质出版社,1988:85-132.
[7]王香文,刘红,滕彬彬,等.地质统计学反演技术在薄储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):730-735.Wang Xiangwen,Liu Hong,Teng Binbin,et al.Application of geostatistical inversion to thin reservoir prediction[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(5):730-735.
[8]Vernengo L,Czeplowodzki R,Trinchero E,et al.Improvement of the reservoir characterization of fluvial sandstones with geostatistical inversion in Golfo San Jorge Basin,Argentina[J].The Leading Edge,2014,33(5):508-518.
[9]黄峰,李志荣,廖玲,等.利用地震资料进行沉积相分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(3):179-200.Huang Feng,Li Zhirong,Liao Ling,et al.Sedimentary facies analysis using seismic data[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,25(3):179-200.
[10]徐安娜,郑红菊,董月霞,等.南堡凹陷东营组层序地层格架及沉积相预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):437-443.Xu Anna,Zheng Hongju,Dong Yuexia,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary facies prediction in Dongying Formation of Nanpu Sag[J].Petrolum Exploration and Development,2006,33(4):437-443.
[11]陈宇航,刘震,姚根顺,等.一个深水区深层沉积相早期预测方法:以南海北部深水区D凹陷渐新统为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(11):2122-2130.Chen Yuhang,Liu Zhen,Yao Genshun,et al.Early sedimentary facies prediction of deep layers in deep water area:an example of Oligocene of D Sag in the deep water area of northern South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(11):2122-2130.
[12]杨帅,陈洪德,侯明才,等.基于地震沉积学方法的沉积相研究:以涠西南凹陷涠洲组三段为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):568-575.Yang Shuai,Chen Hongde,Hou Mingcai,et al.The research of sedimentary facies based on seismic sedimentology method:a case study of the three-section of Weizhou Formation in Weixi’nan depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):568-575.
[13]Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing partⅡ:Real3-D seismic data[J].Geopgysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[14]Zeng Hongliu,Ambrose W A.Seismic sedimentology and regional depositional systems in Mioceno Norte,Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(11):1260-1269.
[15]Zeng Hongliu,Loucks R G,Brown L F.Mapping sediment-dispersal patterns and associated systems tracts in fourth-and fifthorder sequences using seismic sedimentology:Example from Corpus Christi Bay,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):981-1003.
[16]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409.Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Discussion on several issues about seismic sedimentology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(4):405-409.
[17]朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yina,et al.On seismic seidimentology of lacustrine deltaic depositional systems[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921.
[18]刘化清,洪忠,张晶,等.断陷湖盆重力流水道地震沉积学研究:以歧南地区沙一段为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):784-794.Liu Huaqing,Hong Zhong,Zhang Jing,et al.Seismic sedimentology research on fault-depressed lacustrine basin gravity flow channels of Oligocene Es_1 in Qi’nan area,Qikou Sag[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(4):784-794.
[19]刘化清,卫平生,李相博,等.对地震沉积学理论创新的认识[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):7-12,19.Liu Huaqing,Wei Pingsheng,Li Xiangbo,et al.Discussion on theoretical innovation of seismic sedimentology[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(1):7-12,19.
[20]刘波.基准面旋回与沉积旋回的对比方法探讨[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):112-117.Liu Bo.Discussion on the correlation methods of base-levelcycle and sedimentary cycle[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(1):112-117.
[21]刘保国,刘立辉.实用地震沉积学在沉积相分析中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):266-271.Liu Baoguo,Liu Lihui.Application of applied seismic sedimentology in sedimentary facies analysis[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):266-271.
[22]张明禄,郑荣才,达世攀,等.砂体等时对比的高分辨率层序分析技术[J].矿物岩石,2004,24(1):113-120.Zhang Minglu,Zheng Rongcai,Da Shipan,et al.Isochronic correlation of sandybodies by high-resolution sequence technique[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2004,24(1):113-120.
[23]赵海华,吴明荣.关于地震沉积学几个问题的讨论[J].油气地球物理,2009,7(3):9-13.Zhao Haihua,Wu Mingrong.Discussion on several issues about seismic sedimentary[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2009,7(3):9-13.
[24]Zeng Hongliu,Tucker FHentz.High frequency sequence stratigraphy from seismic sedimentology Applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block 50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[25]曾洪流,朱筱敏,朱如凯,等.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):275-284.Zeng Hongliu,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhu Rukai,et al.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine postrift basins[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):275-284.
[26]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets:Part 1:modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):5-7.
[27]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets:Part 2:seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):14-17.
[28]钱荣钧.对地震切片解释中一些问题的分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):482-487.Qian Rongjun.Analysis of some issues in interpretation of seismic slices[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):482-487.
[29]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang Junhua,Zhou Zhenxiao,Tan Mingyou,et al.Several theoretical issues about interpretation of seismic slices[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.