基于综合等级划分方法的土地质量地球化学评价——以吉林省乌拉街镇为例
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摘要
采用图斑+网格化布样以及"S"型采样方法,采集表层土壤、灌溉水、大气干湿沉降物、农作物等样品677件,依据综合等级划分方法对吉林省乌拉街镇一带开展了土地质量地球化学评价,评价面积为153km~2。结果表明:评价区土地质量地球化学综合等级一等的约占全区面积的49.32%,二等占21.94%,三等占28.38%;该区玉米中重金属元素Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg,Pb质量分数分别为<0.87,0.91～2.60,15～27,<0.050,0.003～0.018,<0.010,<0.050mg/kg,均符合国家标准;土壤酸碱度变化范围为4.43～8.09,平均值5.48,土壤酸化问题严重,酸性土壤占全区的78%,强酸性土壤占15%。该区综合土地质量为优良水平,对农作物种植较为适宜;但是,土壤酸化以及硼缺乏(0.35mg/kg,处于4级水平0.2～0.5mg/kg)问题应引起足够重视,亟待采取有效措施加以防治。
Using patches + grid pattern and "S"sampling method,a total of 677 samples were collected from surface soil,irrigation water,atmospheric dry-wet deposition,and crops and root soil.By comprehensive grading method,the authors carried out a land quality geochemical evaluation in Wulajie Town of Jilin Province.The evaluation area is 153 km~2.Based on the comprehensive geochemical grade,the first grade land accounts for 49.32% of the total area,the second grade land for 21.94%,and the third grade land for 28.38%.The contents of heavy metals of Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg,and Pb in the corn in the evaluation area were <0.87,0.91-2.60,15-27,<0.050,0.003-0.018,<0.010,and <0.050 mg/kg,respectively,which were in accordance with the national standards.The variation of soil pH value was 4.43-8.09 with an average of 5.48,and soil acidification was serious.The acidic soil accounts for 78% of the total area,the strong acidic soil accounts for 15%.The comprehensive land quality of this area is at a good level and suitable for planting crops.However,acidification and boron deficiency(0.35 mg/kg)is at 4 th level(0.2-0.5 mg/kg),and effective control measures should be taken.
Using patches + grid pattern and "S"sampling method,a total of 677 samples were collected from surface soil,irrigation water,atmospheric dry-wet deposition,and crops and root soil.By comprehensive grading method,the authors carried out a land quality geochemical evaluation in Wulajie Town of Jilin Province.The evaluation area is 153 km~2.Based on the comprehensive geochemical grade,the first grade land accounts for 49.32% of the total area,the second grade land for 21.94%,and the third grade land for 28.38%.The contents of heavy metals of Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg,and Pb in the corn in the evaluation area were <0.87,0.91-2.60,15-27,<0.050,0.003-0.018,<0.010,and <0.050 mg/kg,respectively,which were in accordance with the national standards.The variation of soil pH value was 4.43-8.09 with an average of 5.48,and soil acidification was serious.The acidic soil accounts for 78% of the total area,the strong acidic soil accounts for 15%.The comprehensive land quality of this area is at a good level and suitable for planting crops.However,acidification and boron deficiency(0.35 mg/kg)is at 4 th level(0.2-0.5 mg/kg),and effective control measures should be taken.
引文
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[25]黄春雷,龚日祥,宋明义,等.浙江省金华地区农业地学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Huang Chunlei,Gong Rixiang,Song Mingyi,et al.Agricultural Geosciences Research in Jinhua District,Zhejiang Province[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[26]金立新,唐金荣,刘爱华,等.成都地区土壤硼元素含量及其养分管理建议[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):363-369.Jin Lixin,Tang Jinrong,Liu Aihua,et al.Study of Boron Contents in Soil and Nutrient Management Suggestions from the Chengdu Area[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(3):363-369.
[2]黄勇,杨忠芳.土壤质量评价国外研究进展[J].地质通报,2009,28(1):130-136.Huang Yong,Yang Zhongfang.Recent Research Progress of Overseas Soil Quality Evaluation[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2009,28(1):130-136.
[3]汪媛媛,杨忠芳,余涛.土壤质量评价研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(36):22617-22622.Wang Yuanyuan,Yang Zhongfang,Yu Tao.Research Progress of Soil Quality Evaluation[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural and Science,2011,39(36):22617-22622.
[4]Karlen D L,Andrews S S,Doran J W.Soil Quality:Current Concepts and Applications[J].Advance Agronomy,2001,74:1-40.
[5]Page-Dumroese D,Jurgensen M,Elliot W,et al.Soil Quality Standards and Guidelines for Forest Sustainability in Northwestern North America[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,138:445-462.
[6]Doran J W,Jones A J.Methods for Assessing Soil Quality[M].Amsterdam:Special Publication,Soil Science Society of American,Madison,WI,1996:410.
[7]Stephen N.Standardisation of Soil Quality Attributes[J].Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment,2002,88:161-168.
[8]Karlen D L,Diteler C A,Andrews S S.Soil Quality:Why and How?[J].Geoderma,2003,114:145-156.
[9]张连金,赖光辉,孙长忠,等.北京九龙山土壤质量综合评价[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(1):22-29.Zhang Lianjin,Lai Guanghui,Sun Changzhong,et al.Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Quality Fertility in Jiulong Mountain,Beijing[J].Journal of Forest and Environment,2016,36(1):22-29.
[10]刘世梁,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.我国土壤质量及其评价研究的进展[J].土壤通报,2006,37(1):138-142.Liu Shiliang,Fu Bojie,Liu Guohua,et al.Research Review of Quantitative Evaluation of Soil Quality in China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(1):138-142.
[11]黄勇,杨忠芳.中国土地质量评价的研究现状及展望[J].地质通报,2008,27(2):207-211.Huang Yong,Yang Zhongfang.Land Quality Evaluation in China:Present Status and Prospect[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(2):207-211.
[12]刘占峰,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-909.Liu Zhanfeng,Fu Bojie,Liu Guohua,et al.Soil Quality:Concept,Indicators and Its Assessment[J].Acta Ecological Sinca,2006,26(3):901-909.
[13]余涛,杨忠芳,唐金荣,等.湖南洞庭湖区土壤酸化及其对土壤质量的影响[J].地学前缘,2006,13(1):98-104.Yu Tao,Yang Zhongfang,Tang Jinrong,et al.Impact of Acidification on Soil Quality in the Dongting Lake Region in Hunan Province[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(1):98-104.
[14]王立胜,汪媛媛,余涛,等.土地质量地球化学评估与绿色产能评价研究:以吉林大安市为例[J].现代地质,2012,26(5):879-885.Wang Lisheng,Wang Yuanyuan,Yu Tao,et al.Study on Geochemical Assessment of Land Quality and Green Productivity Evaluation in Da’an City,Jilin Province[J].Geoscience,2012,26(5):879-885.
[15]余涛,程新彬,杨忠芳,等.辽宁省典型地区大气颗粒物重金属元素分布特征及对土地质量影响研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):146-153.Yu Tao,Cheng Xinbin,Yang Zhongfang,et al.Distributional Characteristics of Heavy Metal Elements in Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Their Impact on Land Quality in Liaoning Province[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(5):146-154.
[16]于成广,杨忠芳,杨晓波,等.土地质量地球化学评估方法研究与应用:以盘锦市为例[J].现代地质,2012,26(5):873-878.Yu Chengguang,Yang Zhongfang,Yang Xiaobo,et al.Study and Application on Land Quality Geochemical Assessment Methods:Taking Panjin City as an Example[J].Geoscience,2012,26(5):873-878.
[17]文宇博,杨忠芳,夏学齐,等.黑龙江松嫩平原南部大气颗粒物地球化学特征及来源解析[J].现代地质,2012,24(4):807-814.Wen Yubo,Yang Zhongfang,Xia Xueqi,et al.Geochemical Characteristics and Sources Identification of Atmospheric Particles in Southern Songnen Plain in Heilongjiang Province[J].Geoscience,2012,24(4):807-814.
[18]张贞,魏朝富,高明,等.土壤质量评价方法进展[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):999-1005.Zhang Zhen,Wei Chaofu,Gao Ming,et al.Assessment Methods for Soil Quality:A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(5):999-1005.
[19]郑昭佩,刘作新.土壤质量及其评价[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):131-134.Zheng Zhaopei,Liu Zuoxin.Soil Quality and Its Evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(1):131-134.
[20]刘洪文,白荣杰,潘志恒,等.吉林省吉林市1:25万多目标区域地球化学调查报告[R].长春:吉林省地质调查院,2004.Liu Hongwen,Bai Rongjie,Pan Zhiheng,et al.1:250 000 Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey Report of Jilin City,Jilin Province[R].Changchun:Institute of Geological Survey of Jilin Province,2004.
[21]王靖,黄云,李小兰,等.十字花科根肿病研究进展[J].植物保护,2011,37(6):153-158.Wang Jing,Huang Yun,Li Xiaolan,et al.Research Progress in Clubroot Crucifers[J].Plant Protection,2011,37(6):153-158.
[22]农田灌溉水质标准:GB 5084-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.Standards for Irrigation Water Quality:GB 5084-2005[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005.
[23]生活饮用水卫生标准:GB5749-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.Standards for Drinking Water Quality:GB 5749-2006[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.
[24]食品安全国家标准-食品中污染物限量:GB 2762-2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.National Food Safety Standard-Maximum Levels of Contaminants:GB 2762-2012[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012.
[25]黄春雷,龚日祥,宋明义,等.浙江省金华地区农业地学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Huang Chunlei,Gong Rixiang,Song Mingyi,et al.Agricultural Geosciences Research in Jinhua District,Zhejiang Province[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[26]金立新,唐金荣,刘爱华,等.成都地区土壤硼元素含量及其养分管理建议[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):363-369.Jin Lixin,Tang Jinrong,Liu Aihua,et al.Study of Boron Contents in Soil and Nutrient Management Suggestions from the Chengdu Area[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(3):363-369.