摘要
球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystisglobosa)是我国南方沿海近年来主要的赤潮原因种之一,由球形棕囊藻形成的赤潮对海水养殖业发展和海域生态环境构成了严重威胁。棕囊藻通常以囊状群体形式形成赤潮,很难获取其丰度数据,以往研究中多以19′-己酰氧基岩藻黄素(Hex-fuco)或19′-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素(But-fuco)作为其特征色素,利用化学分类软件CHEMTAX计算其生物量。为了解我国近海球形棕囊藻的色素组成特征,本文采用高效液相色谱方法,分析了6株球形棕囊藻的色素组成与含量状况,其中5株分离自我国近海。结果表明, 6株球形棕囊藻均以岩藻黄素和叶绿素a为主要色素,但其特征色素Hex-fuco却存在显著的株系间差异,即便是分离自相同海域的不同球形棕囊藻藻株也存在差别。对比棕囊藻游离细胞和囊状群体的色素组成,可以看出两者在色素组成上基本一致,但囊状群体中捕光色素(Light-harvesting pigment)含量低于游离细胞,而光保护色素(Photoprotective pigment)则高于游离细胞,可能与不同存在形态的棕囊藻对光照的适应特征差异有关。以上研究表明,在以CHEMTAX方法计算球形棕囊藻生物量时,需要充分调查海域棕囊藻的特征色素组成情况,获取其特征色素信息,构建合理色素比例初始矩阵,为球形棕囊藻赤潮监测奠定基础。
Phaeocystis globosa, a major red-tide causative species in the South China Sea, posed big threats to the local aquaculture and ecosystems. Due to the co-existence of both free-swimming cells and big colonies of P. globosa, it is often difficult to obtain the accurate abundance of P. globosa during red tides. Therefore, the CHEMTAX method is often adopted to calculate the biomass of P. globosa using 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin(Hex-fuco) or 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin(But-fuco)as its representative pigments. To find out the representative pigment of P. globosa, we analyzed the pigment composition and content of six strains of P. globosa with high performance liquid chromatography, of which five strains were isolated from Chinese coastal waters. The results show that the pigment compositions of the six strains are largely the same, the major pigment components are fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a. However, each representative pigment, especially Hex-fuco,features own strain-specific variation pattern, and even the strains isolated from the same sea area had different pigment profiles. In addition, we compared the pigment compositions of the free-swimming cells and colonies of P. globosa in the ratio of each pigment to chlorophyll a, and found that the free-swimming cells contain more light-harvesting pigments such as chl c, fucoxanthin, and Hex-fuco, while the colonie contain more photo-protection pigments such as diatoxanthin and carotenes. This difference in pigment profile reflected their own unique light adaptive strategy. Therefore, the pigment composition of P. globosa in the selected region of red tide monitoring should be examined carefully to determine their most representative pigments to help monitoring P. globosa red tides using the CHEMTAX method.
引文
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