登陆过程中台风高层暖心结构演变特征分析
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摘要
采用美国国家环境预报中心NCEP提供的分辨率为0.5°的再分析资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所热带气旋最佳路径集,对1979—2010年于30°N以南登陆中国的台风进行合成并分析其高层暖心结构,主要结论如下:(1)登陆台风暖心在登陆前18h左右强度有较明显的加强趋势;(2)登陆阶段台风暖心有着明显的非对称性,向陆地侧的暖心面积更大;而在登陆方向两侧暖心结构也存在较弱的非对称性,登陆前暖心面积左侧大于右侧,登陆后暖心面积右侧大于左侧。(3)登陆台风暖心的温度梯度分布是不均匀的。越靠近暖心外围,温度梯度越大,越靠近暖心中心,温度梯度相对较小。当暖心强度变化后,暖心内层温度的变化率大于外层。(4)登陆过程中暖心强度在垂直方向的衰减比水平方向更为显著。(5)文中几种台风暖心特征的计算简便,物理含义明确,为实际业务提供了较为不错的定量化参考,方便理解台风暖心结构与台风强度变化之间的关系,具备一定的业务应用价值。
Based on the 0.5°reanalysis data of National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)and typhoon best track data from China Meteorological Administration-Shanghai Typhoon Institute(CMASTI),the warm-core structure of upper level in typhoons making landfall in China during 1979-2010 are diagnosed.The results of this study are shown as follows.(1)The intensity of landing typhoon cases always strengthens at the moment of 18 hbefore landing.(2)The structure of warm-core shows a remarkable asymmetry during landing,and the area of the onshore part is more remarkable.In the coastline region before landing,the warm-core structure is slightly asymmetrical in both left and right sides.And the left half of landing typhoons will go on developing until landing,and vice versa.(3)The distribution of warmcore temperature gradient is non-uniform.The closer to the periphery,the bigger the temperature gradient is.And in the inner core area,the temperature gradient is much smaller.When the intensity of warm-core changes,the change rate of central temperature is increased.(4)The warm-core intensity would decay more tempestuously in vertical direction in the landing process.(5)The several calculation methods proposed in this paper for the typhoon warm-core feature are relatively simple,and the physical meaning is very clear as well.When data is not complete or computational time requirements of operational forecast is higher,it can provide relatively better quantified reference,and especially help understand the relationship between typhoon warm-core structure and variation of typhoon intensity.Thus,it could have practical application values.
Based on the 0.5°reanalysis data of National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)and typhoon best track data from China Meteorological Administration-Shanghai Typhoon Institute(CMASTI),the warm-core structure of upper level in typhoons making landfall in China during 1979-2010 are diagnosed.The results of this study are shown as follows.(1)The intensity of landing typhoon cases always strengthens at the moment of 18 hbefore landing.(2)The structure of warm-core shows a remarkable asymmetry during landing,and the area of the onshore part is more remarkable.In the coastline region before landing,the warm-core structure is slightly asymmetrical in both left and right sides.And the left half of landing typhoons will go on developing until landing,and vice versa.(3)The distribution of warmcore temperature gradient is non-uniform.The closer to the periphery,the bigger the temperature gradient is.And in the inner core area,the temperature gradient is much smaller.When the intensity of warm-core changes,the change rate of central temperature is increased.(4)The warm-core intensity would decay more tempestuously in vertical direction in the landing process.(5)The several calculation methods proposed in this paper for the typhoon warm-core feature are relatively simple,and the physical meaning is very clear as well.When data is not complete or computational time requirements of operational forecast is higher,it can provide relatively better quantified reference,and especially help understand the relationship between typhoon warm-core structure and variation of typhoon intensity.Thus,it could have practical application values.
引文
埃尔斯本里,1994.热带气旋全球观[M].陈联寿,董克勤,金汉良,等译.北京:气象出版社:341.
陈联寿,丁一汇,1979.西太平洋台风概论[M].北京:科学出版社:491.
陈联寿,徐祥德,罗哲贤,等,2002.热带气旋动力学引论[M].北京:气象出版社:317.
费建芳,1996.近似实际风场条件下台风中扰动的稳定性[J].热带气象学报,12(1):18-25.
付驹,董贞花,谭季青,2011.台风登陆前后暖心结构变化的探讨[J].科技通报,27(1):18-24.
冀春晓,赵放,高守亭,等,2012.登陆台风Matsa(麦莎)中尺度扰动特征分析[J].大气科学,36(3):551-563.
季亮,费建芳,2009.登陆台风等熵面位涡演变的数值模拟研究[J].气象,35(3):66-72.
李忆平,罗哲贤,2008.南海台风暖心结构形成的个例研究[C]∥中国气象学会2008年会论文集.北京:中国气象学会.
李英,陈联寿,王继志,2004.登陆热带气旋长久维持与迅速消亡的大尺度环流特征[J].气象学报,62(2):167-179.
梁必骐,1995.天气学教程[M].北京:气象出版社:632.
宋丽莉,毛慧琴,黄浩辉,等,2005.登陆台风近地层湍流特征观测分析[J].气象学报,63(6):915-921.
王跃山,2001.客观分析和四维同化---站在新世纪的回望(Ⅱ)客观分析的主要方法(1)[J].气象科技,29(1):1-9.
魏超时,赵坤,余晖,等,2011.登陆台风卡努(0515)内核区环流结构特征分析[J].大气科学,35(1):68-80.
谢安,肖文俊,陈受钧,1982.登陆台风的能量学分析[J].气象学报,40(3):289-299.
徐健,2007.台风登陆前后湿度场变化的初步研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学.
徐祥德,朱复成,1989.海洋加热场与科氏参数对台风影响的数值试验[J].大气科学,13(1):52-58.
喻世华,陆胜元,1986.热带天气学概论[M].北京:气象出版社:277.
张红杰,马清云,吴焕萍,等,2009.气象降水分布图制作中的插值算法研究[J].气象,35(11):131-136.
张娇艳,吴立广,张强,2011.全球变暖背景下我国热带气旋灾害趋势分析[J].热带气象学报,27(4):442-454.
Chen L S,1998.Decay after landfall[R].WMO/TD,875:1.6.1-1.6.7.
Decker M,Brunke M A,Wang Zhuo,et al,2012.Evaluation of the reanalysis products from GSFC,NCEP,and ECMWF using flux tower observations[J].J Climate,25(6):1916-1944.
Knaff J A,Seseske S A,DeMaria M,et al,2004.On the influences of vertical wind shear on symmetric tropical cyclone structure derived from AMSU[J].Mon Wea Rev,132(10):2503-2510.
Marks Jr F D,1998.Landing and falling tropical cyclone research program[R]∥WMO Tropical Meteorology Research Program(TMRP)Report.59-60.
McBride J L,1981.Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation.Part 1:basic description of data sets[J].J Atmos Sci,38(6):1117-1131.
Murakami H,2014.Tropical cyclones in reanalysis data sets[J].Geophys Res Lett,41(6):2133-2141.
Ying Ming,Zhang Wei,Yu Hui,et al,2014.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J].JAtmos Oceanic Technol,31(2):287-301.
Zhang Qiang,Liu Qiufeng,Wu Liguang,2009.Tropical cyclone damages in China 1983-2006[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,90(4):489-495.
陈联寿,丁一汇,1979.西太平洋台风概论[M].北京:科学出版社:491.
陈联寿,徐祥德,罗哲贤,等,2002.热带气旋动力学引论[M].北京:气象出版社:317.
费建芳,1996.近似实际风场条件下台风中扰动的稳定性[J].热带气象学报,12(1):18-25.
付驹,董贞花,谭季青,2011.台风登陆前后暖心结构变化的探讨[J].科技通报,27(1):18-24.
冀春晓,赵放,高守亭,等,2012.登陆台风Matsa(麦莎)中尺度扰动特征分析[J].大气科学,36(3):551-563.
季亮,费建芳,2009.登陆台风等熵面位涡演变的数值模拟研究[J].气象,35(3):66-72.
李忆平,罗哲贤,2008.南海台风暖心结构形成的个例研究[C]∥中国气象学会2008年会论文集.北京:中国气象学会.
李英,陈联寿,王继志,2004.登陆热带气旋长久维持与迅速消亡的大尺度环流特征[J].气象学报,62(2):167-179.
梁必骐,1995.天气学教程[M].北京:气象出版社:632.
宋丽莉,毛慧琴,黄浩辉,等,2005.登陆台风近地层湍流特征观测分析[J].气象学报,63(6):915-921.
王跃山,2001.客观分析和四维同化---站在新世纪的回望(Ⅱ)客观分析的主要方法(1)[J].气象科技,29(1):1-9.
魏超时,赵坤,余晖,等,2011.登陆台风卡努(0515)内核区环流结构特征分析[J].大气科学,35(1):68-80.
谢安,肖文俊,陈受钧,1982.登陆台风的能量学分析[J].气象学报,40(3):289-299.
徐健,2007.台风登陆前后湿度场变化的初步研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学.
徐祥德,朱复成,1989.海洋加热场与科氏参数对台风影响的数值试验[J].大气科学,13(1):52-58.
喻世华,陆胜元,1986.热带天气学概论[M].北京:气象出版社:277.
张红杰,马清云,吴焕萍,等,2009.气象降水分布图制作中的插值算法研究[J].气象,35(11):131-136.
张娇艳,吴立广,张强,2011.全球变暖背景下我国热带气旋灾害趋势分析[J].热带气象学报,27(4):442-454.
Chen L S,1998.Decay after landfall[R].WMO/TD,875:1.6.1-1.6.7.
Decker M,Brunke M A,Wang Zhuo,et al,2012.Evaluation of the reanalysis products from GSFC,NCEP,and ECMWF using flux tower observations[J].J Climate,25(6):1916-1944.
Knaff J A,Seseske S A,DeMaria M,et al,2004.On the influences of vertical wind shear on symmetric tropical cyclone structure derived from AMSU[J].Mon Wea Rev,132(10):2503-2510.
Marks Jr F D,1998.Landing and falling tropical cyclone research program[R]∥WMO Tropical Meteorology Research Program(TMRP)Report.59-60.
McBride J L,1981.Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation.Part 1:basic description of data sets[J].J Atmos Sci,38(6):1117-1131.
Murakami H,2014.Tropical cyclones in reanalysis data sets[J].Geophys Res Lett,41(6):2133-2141.
Ying Ming,Zhang Wei,Yu Hui,et al,2014.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J].JAtmos Oceanic Technol,31(2):287-301.
Zhang Qiang,Liu Qiufeng,Wu Liguang,2009.Tropical cyclone damages in China 1983-2006[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,90(4):489-495.