地铁低压配电设计问题研究
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摘要
为使地铁工程中的低压配电设计更加合理、安全、可靠,结合一些设计问题案例,采用理论分析和数值计算的方法对低压配电设计问题进行研究。通过对等电位联结设计常见方案存在的问题进行理论分析,得出应按区域设置局部等电位联结板(LEB),不应互联在一起,并且LEB应就地连接结构钢筋;通过对安全特低电压(SELV)照明线路保护管选用金属管时存在的电气安全问题进行分析,得出地铁场所中的SELV照明线路保护管应选用绝缘型管材;通过对配电箱进线开关电器选用隔离开关、断路器2种方案的优缺点进行研究,得出设计人员应重视隔离开关的应用,视具体情况选用开关电器;通过对35 k V系统或0.4 k V系统发生接地故障时以及发生雷击时N导体对地电位情况进行研究,得出选择断路器极数时应考虑使用环境场所;通过对电涌保护器(SPD)应用、区间配电回路接地故障保护问题进行研究,提出合理的技术方案。研究结论对指导低压配电设计工作具有重要意义。
The rationality,safety and feasibility of low-voltage distribution design in metro project are very important.Hence,the low-voltage distribution design is studied by theoretical analysis and numerical calculation based on some design cases. The problems exist in conventional scheme designed by equipotential bonding is theoretically analyzed,and it is concluded that the local equipotential bonding( LEB) should be set according to the region,it should not be connected together,and it should be connected to the structural reinforcement in place. The electrical safety problems when the metal tube is selected for safe extremely-low voltage( SELV) line protection is analyzed,and it is concluded that the insulating type tube should be selected for SELV line protection tube in metro project. The advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes of disconnecting switch and circuit-breaker for the incoming switch in the distribution box are studied,and it is concluded that the disconnecting switch should be paid more attentions to,and the incoming switch type should be rationally selected according to actual conditions. The ground potential of N conductor of 35 k V system or 0.4 kV system in case of ground fault or lightning strike is studied,and it is concluded that the environment should be considered when selecting the pole number of circuit-breaker. The application of surge protector device( SPD)and the grounding fault protection of interval distribution circuit are studied,and a rational technical scheme is put forward. The results is of great significance to the work of low-voltage distribution design.
The rationality,safety and feasibility of low-voltage distribution design in metro project are very important.Hence,the low-voltage distribution design is studied by theoretical analysis and numerical calculation based on some design cases. The problems exist in conventional scheme designed by equipotential bonding is theoretically analyzed,and it is concluded that the local equipotential bonding( LEB) should be set according to the region,it should not be connected together,and it should be connected to the structural reinforcement in place. The electrical safety problems when the metal tube is selected for safe extremely-low voltage( SELV) line protection is analyzed,and it is concluded that the insulating type tube should be selected for SELV line protection tube in metro project. The advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes of disconnecting switch and circuit-breaker for the incoming switch in the distribution box are studied,and it is concluded that the disconnecting switch should be paid more attentions to,and the incoming switch type should be rationally selected according to actual conditions. The ground potential of N conductor of 35 k V system or 0.4 kV system in case of ground fault or lightning strike is studied,and it is concluded that the environment should be considered when selecting the pole number of circuit-breaker. The application of surge protector device( SPD)and the grounding fault protection of interval distribution circuit are studied,and a rational technical scheme is put forward. The results is of great significance to the work of low-voltage distribution design.
引文
[1]丁杰.也谈等电位联结[J].建筑电气,2018,37(8):10.DING Jie. Further discussion about equipotential bonding[J]. Building Electricity,2018,37(8):10.
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[5]低压开关设备和控制设备第3部分:开关、隔离器、隔离开关及熔断器组合电器:GB/T 14048.3—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear(Part 3):Switches,disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units:GB/T 14048.3-2017[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017.
[6]中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司.工业与民用供配电设计手册[M]. 4版.北京:中国电力出版社,2017.China Aviation Planning and Design Institute(Group)CO.,LTD. Design manual of industry and civil power distribution[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2017.
[7]王厚余.“断零”的危害和防范[J].建筑电气,2013,32(12):3.WANG Houyu. Hazard and protection of"neutral conductor broken"[J]. Building Electricity,2013,32(12):3.
[8]低压电气装置第4-44部分:安全防护电压骚扰和电磁骚扰防护:GB/T 16895.10—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.Low-voltage electrical installations(Part 4-44):Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances:GB/T 16895.10-2010[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011.
[9]低压电涌保护器第22部分:电信和信号网络的电涌保护器(SPD)选择和使用导则:GB/T 18802.22—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Low-voltage surge protective devices(Part 22):Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks:Selection and application principles:GB/T 18802. 22-2008[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[10]建筑物防雷设计规范:GB 50057—2010[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.Code for design protection of structures against lightning:GB 50057-2010[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2011.
[11]低压电涌保护器(SPD)第12部分:低压配电系统的电涌保护器选择和使用导则:GB/T 18802.12—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.Low-voltage surge protective devices(Part 12):Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems:Selection and application principles:GB/T 18802. 12-2014[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.
[12]低压配电设计规范:GB 50054—2011[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012.Code for design of low-voltage electrical installations:GB50054-2011[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2012.
[13]低压开关设备和控制设备第2部分:断路器:GB/T14048.2—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear(Part 2):Circuitbreakers:GB/T 14048. 2-2008[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[2]地铁设计规范:GB 50157—2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.Code for design of metro:GB 50157-2013[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.
[3]电气安全术语:GB/T 4776—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.Electrical safety terminology:GB/T 4776-2017[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017.
[4]低压电气装置第4-41部分:安全防护电击防护:GB16895.21—2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.Low-voltage electrical installations(Part 4-41):Protection for safety:Protection against electric shock:GB 16895.21-2011[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011.
[5]低压开关设备和控制设备第3部分:开关、隔离器、隔离开关及熔断器组合电器:GB/T 14048.3—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear(Part 3):Switches,disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units:GB/T 14048.3-2017[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017.
[6]中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司.工业与民用供配电设计手册[M]. 4版.北京:中国电力出版社,2017.China Aviation Planning and Design Institute(Group)CO.,LTD. Design manual of industry and civil power distribution[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2017.
[7]王厚余.“断零”的危害和防范[J].建筑电气,2013,32(12):3.WANG Houyu. Hazard and protection of"neutral conductor broken"[J]. Building Electricity,2013,32(12):3.
[8]低压电气装置第4-44部分:安全防护电压骚扰和电磁骚扰防护:GB/T 16895.10—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.Low-voltage electrical installations(Part 4-44):Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances:GB/T 16895.10-2010[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011.
[9]低压电涌保护器第22部分:电信和信号网络的电涌保护器(SPD)选择和使用导则:GB/T 18802.22—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Low-voltage surge protective devices(Part 22):Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks:Selection and application principles:GB/T 18802. 22-2008[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[10]建筑物防雷设计规范:GB 50057—2010[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.Code for design protection of structures against lightning:GB 50057-2010[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2011.
[11]低压电涌保护器(SPD)第12部分:低压配电系统的电涌保护器选择和使用导则:GB/T 18802.12—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.Low-voltage surge protective devices(Part 12):Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems:Selection and application principles:GB/T 18802. 12-2014[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.
[12]低压配电设计规范:GB 50054—2011[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012.Code for design of low-voltage electrical installations:GB50054-2011[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2012.
[13]低压开关设备和控制设备第2部分:断路器:GB/T14048.2—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear(Part 2):Circuitbreakers:GB/T 14048. 2-2008[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.