珍稀特有植物华顶杜鹃的种群结构和种间联结
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摘要
华顶杜鹃(Rhododendron huadingense)因分布地域的局限和资源量的稀少,被列为浙江省珍稀濒危植物。基于珍稀特有植物华顶杜鹃主要分布区的样地调查数据,通过分析群落相似性、种群结构,并基于2×2联列表,应用共同出现百分率PC、联结系数AC、Pearson积矩相关系数rp和Spearman秩相关系数rs等方法对华顶杜鹃乔木层22个主要物种、灌木层24个主要物种的种间联结的显著性和关联强度进行了定量测定,以揭示华顶杜鹃群落不同结构层次中主要物种的种间关系及其种群濒危的原因。结果显示:(1)华顶杜鹃生长在光照较强的阳坡,不同产地所处群落物种组成差异较大。(2)种群结构显示,各群落均处于不同程度的衰退阶段,幼苗和幼树储备不足,种群呈衰退趋势;各样地的龄级结构不完整,普遍出现断代现象。(3)方差比率VR和统计量W表明,华顶杜鹃群落中物种整体关联性不显著;PC值显示乔木层和灌木层共507个种对,有183个相互独立,其余大部分PC值小于0.6,联结性较弱;AC值显示,乔木层和灌木层中除25个种对具有显著的联结性外,其余AC值的绝对值小于0.6;r_p值和r_s值正负关联比在0.36～0.85,显著检验率在0.06～0.08。表明华顶杜鹃所在群落种间关系较为松散,整体关联性弱;大部分物种生态习性差异较大,在共存时无法达到资源的最佳分配和利用状态,群落尚处不稳定阶段。为抑制其种群的衰退趋势,应加强对华顶杜鹃个体和群落生境的保护,需要适当的人为干预。
Rhododendron huadingense, a rare and endemic species in China, is discontinuously distributed in Zhejiang province, and it had been listed as the rare and endangered species in Zhejiang province due to its limited distribution region and small populations. We analyzed the community similarity and population structure of R. huadingense based on the data of ten plots′ survey in Zhejiang province. Based on 2×2 contingency table, percentage co-occurrence(PC),association coefficient(AC), Pearson correlation coefficient(r_p) and Spearman correlation coefficient(r_s) were used to analyze the interspecific associations among 22 dominant arbor species and 24 shrub species in the communities of R.huadingense, as well as to reveal the relationship between dominant species in different layers and the causes of endanger. The results are as follows:(1) Rhododendron huadingense is distributed in sunny slopes with high heterogeneity of communities and low Sorensen′s similarity coefficient.(2) Population structure shows that less of saplings leads to decline, age level structure is incomplete and gaps are common.(3) Variance ratio(VR) and statistic number(W) of overall associations show insignificant association of species in communities. PC values show that 183 species pairs, among 507 species pairs, are mutually independent, and the rest has the PC value<0.6, which suggests that most of the species pairs has a weak association. AC values indicate that 25 species pairs have significant association,the AC value of the rest is within the range from-0.6 to 0.6. Positive and negative association ratio of rp and rsare ranged from 0.36 to 0.85, significant test rate is ranged from 0.06 to 0.08, which indicates weak associations between the species in communities. Meanwhile, most of the species have different ecological habits, the optimal allocation of resources is not achieved when co-exist. The community is still in an unstable stage. In order to restrain the decline trend of R. huadingense, protection of the individual and community habitat must be strengthened, and appropriate human intervention is also required.
Rhododendron huadingense, a rare and endemic species in China, is discontinuously distributed in Zhejiang province, and it had been listed as the rare and endangered species in Zhejiang province due to its limited distribution region and small populations. We analyzed the community similarity and population structure of R. huadingense based on the data of ten plots′ survey in Zhejiang province. Based on 2×2 contingency table, percentage co-occurrence(PC),association coefficient(AC), Pearson correlation coefficient(r_p) and Spearman correlation coefficient(r_s) were used to analyze the interspecific associations among 22 dominant arbor species and 24 shrub species in the communities of R.huadingense, as well as to reveal the relationship between dominant species in different layers and the causes of endanger. The results are as follows:(1) Rhododendron huadingense is distributed in sunny slopes with high heterogeneity of communities and low Sorensen′s similarity coefficient.(2) Population structure shows that less of saplings leads to decline, age level structure is incomplete and gaps are common.(3) Variance ratio(VR) and statistic number(W) of overall associations show insignificant association of species in communities. PC values show that 183 species pairs, among 507 species pairs, are mutually independent, and the rest has the PC value<0.6, which suggests that most of the species pairs has a weak association. AC values indicate that 25 species pairs have significant association,the AC value of the rest is within the range from-0.6 to 0.6. Positive and negative association ratio of rp and rsare ranged from 0.36 to 0.85, significant test rate is ranged from 0.06 to 0.08, which indicates weak associations between the species in communities. Meanwhile, most of the species have different ecological habits, the optimal allocation of resources is not achieved when co-exist. The community is still in an unstable stage. In order to restrain the decline trend of R. huadingense, protection of the individual and community habitat must be strengthened, and appropriate human intervention is also required.
引文
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[3]姚兰,艾训儒,易咏梅,等.鄂西南亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林优势种群的结构与动态特征[J].林业科学,2017,53(2):10-18.YAO L,AI X R,YI Y M,et al.Structure and dynamics of dominant populations in the mixed forest of subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved tree species in the southwest of Hubei province[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2017,53(2):10-18.
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[8]丁炳扬,方云亿.浙江杜鹃花属一新种[J].植物研究,1990,10(1):31-33.DING B Y,FANG Y Y.A new species of Rhododendron from Zhejiang,China[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,1990,10(1):31-33.
[9]曾汉元,丁炳扬,方腾.浙江天台华顶杜鹃的群落学研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2001,28(6):686-691.ZENG H Y,DING B Y,FANG T.A study on the community ecology of Rhododendron huadingense population in the Tiantaishan Mountains in Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2001,28(6):686-691.
[10]周莹莹,孙莉,陈子林,等.珍稀特有植物华顶杜鹃的群落基本特征分析[J].杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,11(3):212-216.ZHOU Y Y,SUN L,CHEN Z L,et al.Community characteristic of Rhododendron huadingense,a species endangered and endemic in China[J].Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,11(3):212-216.
[11]褚文珂,周莹莹,陈子林,等.珍稀植物华顶杜鹃群落分类和物种多样性研究[J].杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,12(3):240-244.CHU W K,ZHOU Y Y,CHEN Z L,et al.On the community classification and species diversity of Rhododendron huadingense[J].Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2013,12(3):240-244.
[12]徐晓锋,潘德月,陈江芳,等.浙江大盘山杜鹃花属植物资源及其保护与利用[J].中国野生植物资源,2017,36(1):58-61.XU X F,PAN D Y,CHEN J F,et al.Study on exploitation and utilization of Rhododendron Linn.in Dapanshan,Zhejiang province[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2017,36(1):58-61.
[13]丁炳扬,吴笑欢,张慧明,等.浙江杜鹃花属植物种子形态及其分类学意义[J].西北植物学报,1995,15(6):36-42.DING B Y,WU X H,ZHANG H M,et al.Seed morphology of Rhododendron L.(Ericaceae)from Zhejiang and its taxonomic significance[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,1995,15(6):36-42.
[14]曾汉元.珍稀濒危植物华顶杜鹃种群结构与分布格局的研究[J].怀化学院学报,2002,21(5):36-38.ZENG H Y.A study on the population structure and distribution pattern of the endangered and rare plant Rhododendron huadingense[J].Journal of Huaihua University,2002,21(5):36-38.
[15]康华靖,陈子林,刘鹏,等.大盘山自然保护区香果树种群结构与分布格局[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):389-396.KANG H J,CHEN Z L,LIU P,et al.The population structure and distribution pattern of Emmenopterys henryi in Dapanshan Natural Reserve of Zhejiang province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):389-396.
[16]廖佰翠,陈燕飞,戴仕运.浙江四明山国家森林公园生态旅游评价[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),2015,28(5):105-111.LIAO B C,CHEN Y F,DAI S Y.A critique on the ecological tourism of Simingshan National Forest Park in Zhejiang[J].Journal of Ningbo University(Humanities and Science),2015,28(5):105-111.
[17]邱志军.金华北山常绿阔叶林群落特征研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2011.QIU Z J.Study on Community Characters of the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in Beishan Mountain of Jinhua,China[D].Jinhua:Zhejiang Normal University,2011.
[18]丁炳扬,陈德良,骆争荣,等.浙江百山祖森林动态样地-树种及其分布格局[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013.DING B Y,CHEN D L,LUO Z R,et al.Zhejiang Baishanzu Forest Dynamics Plot:Tree Species and Their Distribution Patterns[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2013.
[19]杨尚功,李向义,雷加强,等.昆仑山前山带植物群落调查及相似性初步研究[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(4):809-817.YANG S G,LI X Y,LEI J Q,et al.Investigation of vegetation on shallow mountain area of northern slope in middle section of Kunlun Mountain[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2009,29(4):809-817.
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