不同类型竹叶花椒退耕地抗蚀性研究
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摘要
【目的】明确竹叶花椒种植对土壤抗蚀性的影响,为竹叶花椒种植和椒园土壤管理提供参考.【方法】采用"时空互代法",以不同退耕年限竹叶花椒林(2、5、9和14a,分别以ZYJ2、ZYJ5、ZYJ9和ZYJ14表示)、弃耕地(14a,QGD)和农耕地(CK)为对象,研究土壤抗蚀性,运用隶属函数计算抗蚀性综合值和养分含量综合值,并探讨土壤抗蚀性与土壤肥力的关系.【结果】随着竹叶花椒种植年限的增加,土壤颗粒组成中小粒级(<0.05mm=含量增加和大粒级(>0.05mm)含量降低,土壤粘化现象明显;相反,微团聚体组成中小粒级(<0.05mm=含量降低而大粒级(>0.05mm)含量增加,小粒级微团聚体向大粒级微团体转化.退耕后土壤结构性颗粒指数、团聚状况、团聚度、物理稳定性指数和抗蚀性综合值和养分含量综合值均随竹叶花椒种植年限的延长而增加,且14a竹叶花椒林高于弃耕地;抗蚀性综合值与有机质、全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量呈显著相关,也与养分含量综合值呈显著相关.【结论】竹叶花椒种植能够有效提高土壤抗蚀性,对改善土壤结构和提高土壤肥力具有重要作用;抗蚀性综合值对土壤肥力具有较好的表征作用.
【Objective】To study the effects of Zanthoxylum armatumplantation on soil anti-erodibility,and to provide a reference for Z.armatumplantation and soil management.【Method】The interchangeable space-time method was used to study the soil anti-erodibility under Z.armatumat different plantation times(2,5,9 and 14 year-old were represented by ZYJ2,ZYJ5,ZYJ9 and ZYJ14,respectively),abandoned land(14 year-old,QGD)and farmland control(CK),and the subject function method was used to calculate comprehensive value of anti-erodibility and nutrient content.The relationships between the soil anti-erodibility and fertility were analyzed.【Result】With the increase age of Z.armatumplantations,the small size fraction(<0.05 mm=content was increased and large size fractions(>0.05 mm)content was decreased in the composition of soil particles,and the soil clayization was improved significantly.On the contrary,thesmall size fraction(<0.05 mm=content was decreased and large size fraction(>0.05 mm)content was increased in the composition of micro-aggregate,and the micro-aggregate was transited from small size fractions to large size fractions.The structure particle index,aggregation status,aggregation degree,physical stability index,comprehensive value of anti-erodibility and comprehensive value of nutrient were increased with the increase age of the Z.armatumplantations,and those in ZYJ-14 plantation was higher than that in abandoned land.Comprehensive value of anti-erodibility was significantly correlated with organic matter,total N,hydrolysis N,NH4+-N,NO3--N,available P and available K,as well as significantly correlated with comprehensive value of nutrient.【Conclusion】Planting Z.armatumeffectively improve the ability of soil anti-dispersion,and are important to ameliorating soil structure and improve soil fertility.The comprehensive value of anti-erodibility could be good characterization of soil fertility.
【Objective】To study the effects of Zanthoxylum armatumplantation on soil anti-erodibility,and to provide a reference for Z.armatumplantation and soil management.【Method】The interchangeable space-time method was used to study the soil anti-erodibility under Z.armatumat different plantation times(2,5,9 and 14 year-old were represented by ZYJ2,ZYJ5,ZYJ9 and ZYJ14,respectively),abandoned land(14 year-old,QGD)and farmland control(CK),and the subject function method was used to calculate comprehensive value of anti-erodibility and nutrient content.The relationships between the soil anti-erodibility and fertility were analyzed.【Result】With the increase age of Z.armatumplantations,the small size fraction(<0.05 mm=content was increased and large size fractions(>0.05 mm)content was decreased in the composition of soil particles,and the soil clayization was improved significantly.On the contrary,thesmall size fraction(<0.05 mm=content was decreased and large size fraction(>0.05 mm)content was increased in the composition of micro-aggregate,and the micro-aggregate was transited from small size fractions to large size fractions.The structure particle index,aggregation status,aggregation degree,physical stability index,comprehensive value of anti-erodibility and comprehensive value of nutrient were increased with the increase age of the Z.armatumplantations,and those in ZYJ-14 plantation was higher than that in abandoned land.Comprehensive value of anti-erodibility was significantly correlated with organic matter,total N,hydrolysis N,NH4+-N,NO3--N,available P and available K,as well as significantly correlated with comprehensive value of nutrient.【Conclusion】Planting Z.armatumeffectively improve the ability of soil anti-dispersion,and are important to ameliorating soil structure and improve soil fertility.The comprehensive value of anti-erodibility could be good characterization of soil fertility.
引文
[1]龚伟,颜晓元,蔡祖聪,等.长期施肥对小麦-玉米轮作土壤微团聚体组成和分形特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(6):1141-1148.
[2]胡建忠,张伟华,李文忠,等.北川河流域退耕地植物群落土壤抗蚀性研究[J].土壤学报,2004(6):854-863.
[3]杨玉盛,何宗明,林光耀,等.不同治理模式对严重退化红壤抗蚀性影响的研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996(2):32-37.
[4]蒋丽伟,唐夫凯,崔明,等.典型岩溶区不同退耕模式土壤抗蚀性差异及其评价[J].林业资源管理,2014(3):56-61.
[5]卢喜平,史东梅,蒋光毅,等.两种果草模式根系提高土壤抗蚀性的研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):64-67,124.
[6]刘飞,潘欢欢,梅国荣,等.花椒品种沿革及商品药材调查研究[J].中药材,2016,39(7):1673-1677.
[7]周萍,刘国彬,侯喜禄.黄土丘陵区不同恢复年限草地土壤微团粒分形特征[J].草地学报,2008(4):396-402.
[8]成艳红,黄欠如,钟义军,等.种植苎麻对南方坡耕地土壤抗蚀性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):1-5.
[9]薛萐,刘国彬,张超,等.黄土丘陵区营造果园后土壤质量效应分析[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(15):3154-3161.
[10] LI Y Y,SHAO M A.Change of soil physical properties under long-term natural vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Journal of arid environments,2006,64(1):77-96.
[11]刘孝义,依艳丽.土壤物理学基础及其研究法[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1998.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]薛萐,刘国彬,张超,等.黄土丘陵区人工灌木林土壤抗蚀性演变特征[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(15):3143-3150.
[14]王景燕,胡庭兴,龚伟,等.川南地区不同退耕地对土壤抗蚀性的影响[J].中国水土保持,2010(12):30-33,73.
[15]张晓霞,杨宗儒,查同刚,等.晋西黄土区退耕还林22年后林地土壤物理性质的变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):416-424.
[16]姬生勋,刘玉涛,董智,等.黄泛平原风沙区不同造林年限林地土壤风蚀与理化性质的变化[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(3):158-161,167.
[17]彭文英,张科利,陈瑶,等.黄土坡耕地退耕还林后土壤性质变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2005(2):272-278.
[18]赵昌平,王景燕,龚伟,等.四川盆北地震重灾区农林复合模式的土壤培肥改土效果[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2999-3009.
[19] SINGH K,CHAUHAN H S,RAJPUT D K,et al.Report of a 60 month study on litter production,changes in soil chemical properties and productivity under poplar(P.deltoids)and eucalyptus(E.hybrid)interplanted with aromatic grasses[J].Agroforestry Systems,1989,9(1):37-45.
[20]周怀平,关春林,杨治平,等.不同树龄仁用杏人工林地土壤水肥状况研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):137-140,162.
[21]宋娟丽,吴发启,姚军,等.弃耕地植被恢复过程中土壤理化性质演变趋势研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):168-173.
[22]刘栋,黄懿梅,安韶山.黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林恢复过程中土壤氮素与微生物活性的变化[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):322-329.
[23]许峰,蔡强国,吴淑安,等.三峡库区坡地生态工程控制土壤养分流失研究——以等高植物篱为例[J].地理研究,2000(3):303-310.
[24]鲍乾,杨瑞,李万红,等.喀斯特高原峡谷区不同恢复模式的土壤生态效应[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):154-161,168.
[2]胡建忠,张伟华,李文忠,等.北川河流域退耕地植物群落土壤抗蚀性研究[J].土壤学报,2004(6):854-863.
[3]杨玉盛,何宗明,林光耀,等.不同治理模式对严重退化红壤抗蚀性影响的研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996(2):32-37.
[4]蒋丽伟,唐夫凯,崔明,等.典型岩溶区不同退耕模式土壤抗蚀性差异及其评价[J].林业资源管理,2014(3):56-61.
[5]卢喜平,史东梅,蒋光毅,等.两种果草模式根系提高土壤抗蚀性的研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):64-67,124.
[6]刘飞,潘欢欢,梅国荣,等.花椒品种沿革及商品药材调查研究[J].中药材,2016,39(7):1673-1677.
[7]周萍,刘国彬,侯喜禄.黄土丘陵区不同恢复年限草地土壤微团粒分形特征[J].草地学报,2008(4):396-402.
[8]成艳红,黄欠如,钟义军,等.种植苎麻对南方坡耕地土壤抗蚀性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):1-5.
[9]薛萐,刘国彬,张超,等.黄土丘陵区营造果园后土壤质量效应分析[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(15):3154-3161.
[10] LI Y Y,SHAO M A.Change of soil physical properties under long-term natural vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Journal of arid environments,2006,64(1):77-96.
[11]刘孝义,依艳丽.土壤物理学基础及其研究法[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1998.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]薛萐,刘国彬,张超,等.黄土丘陵区人工灌木林土壤抗蚀性演变特征[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(15):3143-3150.
[14]王景燕,胡庭兴,龚伟,等.川南地区不同退耕地对土壤抗蚀性的影响[J].中国水土保持,2010(12):30-33,73.
[15]张晓霞,杨宗儒,查同刚,等.晋西黄土区退耕还林22年后林地土壤物理性质的变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):416-424.
[16]姬生勋,刘玉涛,董智,等.黄泛平原风沙区不同造林年限林地土壤风蚀与理化性质的变化[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(3):158-161,167.
[17]彭文英,张科利,陈瑶,等.黄土坡耕地退耕还林后土壤性质变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2005(2):272-278.
[18]赵昌平,王景燕,龚伟,等.四川盆北地震重灾区农林复合模式的土壤培肥改土效果[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2999-3009.
[19] SINGH K,CHAUHAN H S,RAJPUT D K,et al.Report of a 60 month study on litter production,changes in soil chemical properties and productivity under poplar(P.deltoids)and eucalyptus(E.hybrid)interplanted with aromatic grasses[J].Agroforestry Systems,1989,9(1):37-45.
[20]周怀平,关春林,杨治平,等.不同树龄仁用杏人工林地土壤水肥状况研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):137-140,162.
[21]宋娟丽,吴发启,姚军,等.弃耕地植被恢复过程中土壤理化性质演变趋势研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):168-173.
[22]刘栋,黄懿梅,安韶山.黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林恢复过程中土壤氮素与微生物活性的变化[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):322-329.
[23]许峰,蔡强国,吴淑安,等.三峡库区坡地生态工程控制土壤养分流失研究——以等高植物篱为例[J].地理研究,2000(3):303-310.
[24]鲍乾,杨瑞,李万红,等.喀斯特高原峡谷区不同恢复模式的土壤生态效应[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):154-161,168.