干湿两季等高绿篱红壤浅沟坡面土壤水分空间变化
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摘要
以红壤丘岗区等高绿篱浅沟坡面为研究对象,比较干湿两季有无绿篱浅沟坡面土壤水分的空间分布,并对试验小区的径流量以及土壤侵蚀量进行对比。结果表明:在旱季,小区土壤含水率变化随着土层加深均呈现增长的趋势;在雨季,无绿篱小区土壤含水率随着土层加深呈现增长的趋势,而绿篱小区土壤含水率表现为30cm土层>45cm土层>15cm土层;绿篱小区的土壤水分变异系数随着土层加深呈降低趋势,相同土层干湿两季绿篱小区土壤水分变异系数均大于无绿篱小区土壤水分变异系数。在干湿两季,坡中位置绿篱小区土壤含水率始终大于无绿篱小区土壤含水率,坡上和坡下位置上绿篱小区土壤含水率小于无绿篱小区土壤含水率,种植等高绿篱的坡面保水保土效果明显,使植物在干湿两季能充分利用浅沟坡面水分,对缓解季节性干旱、保持水土起到显著作用。
Ephemeral gully plays an important role in soil losses in hilly red soil region.A field experiment was carried out to study the impact of contour hedgerow on spatial variation of soil water in red soil slope-land with ephemeral gullies.The results showed that there was an upward trend for the soil moisture from the soil surface to the bottom in the dry season.However,there was an upward trend for the soil moisture from the soil surface to the bottom in plot in the rainy season without contour hedgerow setting while it shows that the trend was 30 cm soil layer>45 cm soil layer>15 cm soil layer in the plot with contour hedgerow setting.The coefficient of variation of soil moisture in plot with contour hedgerow setting showed a decreasing tendency from the soil surface to the bottom,and it is larger than that of plot without contour hedgerow setting in the same layer.In the wet and dry seasons,the soil moisture in plot with contour hedgerow setting is more than that of plot without contour hedgerow setting at slope middle,but less at upper slop and lower slop.Therefore,the contour hedgerow can maintain soil and water effectively,making the plants to take advantage of shallow slope water in the wet and dry seasons,which plays a significant role in easing seasonal drought and conserving soil and water.
Ephemeral gully plays an important role in soil losses in hilly red soil region.A field experiment was carried out to study the impact of contour hedgerow on spatial variation of soil water in red soil slope-land with ephemeral gullies.The results showed that there was an upward trend for the soil moisture from the soil surface to the bottom in the dry season.However,there was an upward trend for the soil moisture from the soil surface to the bottom in plot in the rainy season without contour hedgerow setting while it shows that the trend was 30 cm soil layer>45 cm soil layer>15 cm soil layer in the plot with contour hedgerow setting.The coefficient of variation of soil moisture in plot with contour hedgerow setting showed a decreasing tendency from the soil surface to the bottom,and it is larger than that of plot without contour hedgerow setting in the same layer.In the wet and dry seasons,the soil moisture in plot with contour hedgerow setting is more than that of plot without contour hedgerow setting at slope middle,but less at upper slop and lower slop.Therefore,the contour hedgerow can maintain soil and water effectively,making the plants to take advantage of shallow slope water in the wet and dry seasons,which plays a significant role in easing seasonal drought and conserving soil and water.
引文
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[2]史东梅,卢喜平,刘立志.三峡库区紫色土坡地桑基植物篱水土保持作用研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):75-79.
[3]PANSAK W,HILGER T,LUSIANA B,et al.Assessing soil conservation strategies for upland cropping in Northeast Thai-land with the WaNuLCAS model[J].Agroforestry Systems,2010,79(2):123-144.
[4]许峰,蔡强国,吴淑安,等.坡地农林复合系统土壤养分时间过程初步研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):46-51.
[5]LIN C W,TU S H,HUANG J J,et al.The effect of plant hedgerows on the spatial distribution of soil erosion and soil er-tility on sloping farmland in the purple-soil area of China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2009,105(2):307-312.
[6]陈海滨,孙长忠,安锋,等.黄土高原沟壑区林地土壤水分特征的研究(Ⅰ)——土壤水分的垂直变化和季节变化特征[J].西北林学院学报,2003,18(4):13-16.
[7]黄道友,彭廷柏,陈桂秋,等.亚热带红壤丘陵区季节性干旱成因及其发生规律研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(1):124-126.
[8]胡伟,邵明安,王全九.黄土高原退耕坡地土壤水分空间变异性研究[J].水科学进展,2006,17(1):74-81.
[9]郭焱,熊泽海.亚热带红壤丘岗区土壤水分动态的定位研究[J].土壤,1996(1):42-45.
[10]卜崇峰,蔡强国,袁再健.湿润区坡地香根草植物篱农作措施对土壤侵蚀和养分的影响[J]农业工程学报,2006,22(5):55-60.
[11]王玲玲,何丙辉,李贞霞.等高植物篱技术研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(3):131-133.
[12]SUDHISHRI S,DASS A,LENKA N K.Efficacy of vegetative barriers for rehabilitation of degraded hill slopes in eastern In-dia[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2008,99(1):98-107.
[13]许峰,蔡强国,吴淑安.等高植物篱在南方湿润山区坡地的应用——以三峡库区紫色土坡地为例[J].山地学报,1999,17(3):193-199.
[14]PAN C Z,MA L,SHANGGUAN Z P.Effectiveness of grass strips in trapping suspended sediments from runoff[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2010,35(9):1006-1013.
[15]陈洪松,邵明安.黄土区坡地土壤水分运动与转化机理研究进展[J].水科学进展,2003,14(4):513-520.
[16]陈洪松,郝明德,宋孝玉.黄土高原沟壑区农田土壤水分动态变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(1):92-94.
[17]STENGBERGE H F M,STROOSNIJDER L,BURROUGHP A,et al.Spatial variability of physical soil properties influen-cing the temperature of the soil surface[J].Agricultural Water Management,1983,6(2/3):213-226.