荒漠草原2种群落灌丛堆土壤水分的空间特征
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摘要
【目的】为阐明植被群落与土壤水分空间异质性的关系。【方法】以荒漠草原2种灌丛堆为对象,运用地统计学方法研究了不同灌丛堆(白刺、沙蒿)3种生境(冠下、冠缘、空地)及不同土层土壤水分的空间异质性(c.v.)。【结果】结果表明:土壤水分的空间异质性明显,不同群落类型土壤含水量之间的差异表现为不同群落类型之间大于同一群落不同生境大于同一群落同一生境不同土层,其含水量最大差异分别为162.28%、74.66%、97.44%,在空地20~40 cm土层中,沙蒿沙堆土壤含水量达到白刺的2.62倍;在同一群落之间土壤含水量和水分空间异质性表现为空地>冠缘>冠下;在同一群落同生境中随着土层深度的增加,土壤水分含量增加,变化明显,异质性增大。【结论】荒漠草原自然形成的沙堆微地形地貌引起各非生物要素在空间上的重新分配作用,显著影响土壤水分空间异质性特征。
【Objective】The present paper was conducted to illustrate the relationship between spatial heterogeneity of vegetation and soil moisture.【Method】Two brush piles were taken as the research object and geography statistics method were adopted to study the different brush pile( Nitraria tangutorum,Artemisia desertorum) three kinds of habitat( crown,margin,space) and the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture( c. v.) in different soil layer. 【Result】The spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture( c. v.) had a significant difference in different community.The difference of soil moisture content in different community types showed that the difference in different types of community was greater than in the same community in different habitat,which was greater than in the same community in the same habitat but different soil layer.The biggest difference of water content were 162. 28 %,74. 66 %,97. 44 %,in the field 20-40 cm soil layer. The soil moisture of content Artemisia desertorum sand was 2. 62 times as much as Nitraria tangutorum; Soil moisture content and moisture spatial heterogeneity in the same community were characterized by space > margin > crown. In the same community and the same habitat,soil moisture content added with the increase of soil depth,which changed obviously with the increase of heterogeneity. 【Conclusion】Sand micro topography made by desert grassland naturally leads to the redistribution effect of various abiotic factors on the space and affects obviously the spatial heterogeneity feature of soil moisture.
【Objective】The present paper was conducted to illustrate the relationship between spatial heterogeneity of vegetation and soil moisture.【Method】Two brush piles were taken as the research object and geography statistics method were adopted to study the different brush pile( Nitraria tangutorum,Artemisia desertorum) three kinds of habitat( crown,margin,space) and the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture( c. v.) in different soil layer. 【Result】The spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture( c. v.) had a significant difference in different community.The difference of soil moisture content in different community types showed that the difference in different types of community was greater than in the same community in different habitat,which was greater than in the same community in the same habitat but different soil layer.The biggest difference of water content were 162. 28 %,74. 66 %,97. 44 %,in the field 20-40 cm soil layer. The soil moisture of content Artemisia desertorum sand was 2. 62 times as much as Nitraria tangutorum; Soil moisture content and moisture spatial heterogeneity in the same community were characterized by space > margin > crown. In the same community and the same habitat,soil moisture content added with the increase of soil depth,which changed obviously with the increase of heterogeneity. 【Conclusion】Sand micro topography made by desert grassland naturally leads to the redistribution effect of various abiotic factors on the space and affects obviously the spatial heterogeneity feature of soil moisture.
引文
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[21]赵岩,周文渊,孙保平,等.毛乌素沙地三种荒漠灌木根系分布特征与土壤水分研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):129-133.
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[24]左小安,赵学勇,赵哈林,等.科尔沁沙地沙质草场土壤水分对干旱和降雨响应的空间变异性[J].水土保持学报,2005,9(1):140-144.
[25]Lorens P,Poyatos R,Latron J,et al.Oliveras I and Gallart F.A multi-year study of rainfall and soil water controls on Scots pine transpiration under Mediterranean mountain conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,24(21):3053-3064.
[26]Lakhankar T,Jones A S,Combs C L,et al.Analysis of large scale spatial variability of soil moistureusing a geostatistical method[J].Sensors,2010,10(1):913-932.
[27]黄刚,赵学勇,黄迎新,等.科尔沁沙地不同地形小叶锦鸡儿灌丛土壤水分动态[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):555-561.
[2]Nobles M M,Wilding L P,Lin H S.Flow pathways ofbromide and brilliant blue FCF tracers in caliche soils[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,393:114-122.
[3]马全林,鱼泳,陈芳,等.干旱区沙漠化逆转过程土壤水分的空间异质性特征[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(5):263-272.
[4]Wang X,Wang T,Dong Z,et al.Nebkhas development and its significance to wind erosion and land degradation in semiarid northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006,65:129-141.
[5]徐丽恒,王继和,李毅,等.腾格里沙漠南缘沙漠化逆转过程中的土壤物理性质变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):690-695.
[6]安慧,安钰.毛乌素沙地南缘沙柳灌丛土壤水分及水量平衡[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2247-2252.
[7]肖绪培,宋乃平,谢腾腾,等.荒漠草原区不同土地利用类型土壤水分时空特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(4):478-482.
[8]Frouza J,Kalcik J,Velichova V.Factors causing spatial heterogeneity in soil properties,plant cover,and soil fauna in a non-reclamimed post-mining site[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(11):1910-1913.
[9]马瑞,刘贤德,赵锦梅,等.祁连山鲜黄小檗灌丛穿透雨对土壤水分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):154-158.
[10]Brunet P,Clément R,Bouvier C.Monitoring soil water content and deficit using Electrical Resistivity Tomography(ERT)A case study in the Cevennes area,France[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,380(1/2):146-153.
[11]姚雪玲,傅伯杰,吕一河.黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度土壤水分空间变异及影响因子[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):4961-4968.
[12]Zuo X A,Zhao X Y,Zhao H L,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties and vegetation-soil relationships following vegetation restoration of mobile dunes in Horqin Sandy Land,Northern China[J].Plant Soil,2009,318(1/2):153-167.
[13]Yao S X,Zhao C C,Zhang T H,et al.Response of the soil water content of mobile dunes to precipitation patterns in Inner Mongolia northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2013,97:92-98.
[14]郭忠录,彭艳平,丁树文,等.等高绿篱模式下红壤丘岗区浅沟坡面土壤水分时空分布[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):62-66.
[15]Zeleke T B,Si B C.Characterizing scale-dependent spatialrelationships between soil properties using multifractal techniques[J].Geoderma,2006,134(3/4):440-452.
[16]潘颜霞,王新平.荒漠人工植被区浅层土壤水分空间变化特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):250-256.
[17]张军红,吴波,杨文斌,等.不同演替阶段油蒿群落土壤水分特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1597-1603.
[18]Li H D,Shen W S,Zou C X,et al.Spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture and its effect on vegetation in a desertifiedaeolian riparian ecotone on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,479:215-225.
[19]Brocca L,Tullo T,Melone F,et al.Catchment scale soil moisture spatial-temporal variability[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,422-423:63-75.
[20]王红梅,王仲良,王堃,等.华北农牧交错带农田-草地景观镶嵌体土壤水分空间异质性[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6287-6294.
[21]赵岩,周文渊,孙保平,等.毛乌素沙地三种荒漠灌木根系分布特征与土壤水分研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):129-133.
[22]Jia X,Shao M,Wei X,et al.Statespace simulation of soil surface water content in grassland of northern Loess plateau[J].Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26:38-44.
[23]Famiglietti J S,Ryu D,Berg A A,et al.Field observations of soil moisture variability across scales[J].Water Resources Research,2008,44(1):144-153.
[24]左小安,赵学勇,赵哈林,等.科尔沁沙地沙质草场土壤水分对干旱和降雨响应的空间变异性[J].水土保持学报,2005,9(1):140-144.
[25]Lorens P,Poyatos R,Latron J,et al.Oliveras I and Gallart F.A multi-year study of rainfall and soil water controls on Scots pine transpiration under Mediterranean mountain conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,24(21):3053-3064.
[26]Lakhankar T,Jones A S,Combs C L,et al.Analysis of large scale spatial variability of soil moistureusing a geostatistical method[J].Sensors,2010,10(1):913-932.
[27]黄刚,赵学勇,黄迎新,等.科尔沁沙地不同地形小叶锦鸡儿灌丛土壤水分动态[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):555-561.