典型岩溶峰丛洼地坡面土壤水分空间变异性
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摘要
采用网格法测量典型坡面上旱季(12月)和雨季(5月)的表层(0～5cm)土壤含水量,以地统计学方法分析其空间变异性,结果表明:(1)与单一土地利用坡面相比,人为扰动强、土地利用多样的岩溶峰丛坡地表层土壤含水量表现为坡上未被扰动的自然植被区明显高于坡下人为改造的区域;旱季时坡地林地表层土壤平均含水量(32.8%)明显高于位于坡下的梯田空闲地(24.2%)、梯田橘园(20.0%)、梯田菜园(22.0%)、坡地裸地(23.5%);雨季时,坡地裸地(30.2%)和梯田橘园(32.1%)有明显增大,梯田空闲地(17.8%)剧烈减小,坡地林地(32.2%)土壤含水量依然最高;(2)旱、雨季整个坡面上空间结构比分别为21.0%、8.7%,表现为雨季的空间相关性更好;旱、雨季表层土壤含水量变异系数分别为20.1%和31.7%,属中等程度变异;雨季表层土壤含水量的变程(77.5m)显著高于旱季(8.0m),雨季的土壤含水量具有较好的空间变异结构;(3)裸岩周围空间的土壤含水量随与裸岩的距离增大而减小,梯田石坎周围空间的土壤含水量随与梯田石坎的距离增大而递减。
The study area is located in Guilin,Guangxi,with a land area of approximately 3,000 m~2.The area is characterized by humid subtropical monsoonal climate,with the average annual temperature 18.7℃and the average annual rainfall of 1,785.2 mm;and it's rainy season is generally from April to September,which belongs to the typical karst peak-cluster depression landforms.The study area include the hillslopes and the below terraces,and the terraces were previously transformed from hillslopes and used by villagers for the orangery and vegetable gardens.The exposed rate of rock in the middle of the hillslopes is more than 70%;and a large amount of exposed rock divide their soil into patches in the form of "rock gap soil" and "stone bowl soil" while retaining the upper native shrub.In order to reveal the spatial variability characteristics of surface soil moisture in typical karst peak-cluster depression hillslopes with strong artificial disturbance and land use diversity,selecting the slopes of the typical peak-cluster depressions and using grid method to measure the soil moisture content in the dry season(December)and the rainy season(May),the spatial variability of soil moisture on hillslopes was analyzed by geostatistics.The results show that,(1)Compared with the slope of single land use,the surface soil moisture of the typical peak-cluster hillslopes is that undisturbed natural vegetation area located above the slope is significantly higher than artificial transformation of the region located below the slope,soil water content of sloping woodland(32.8%)that locating on top of the slope and undisturbed was significantly higher than terraced fields(24.2%),terraced orange garden(20.0%),terraced vegetable garden(22.0%)and bare land(23.5%)during the dry season.In rainy season,bare land(30.2%)and terraced origin garden(32.1%)had increased obviously and the terraced fields were drastically reduced(17.8%),while sloping woodland(32.2%)remained the highest;(2)The spatial structure ratio is 21.0% and 8.7% during the dry and rainy season,respectively,indicating that the spatial correlation of the rainy season is better;the coefficient of variation of the surface soil moisture was 20.1% and 31.7% during dry season and rainy season,which are both belonging to moderate spatial variability;the range of surface soil moisture during the rainy season(77.5 m)was significantly higher than that of dry season(8.0 m),which can be seen that the spatial variation structure of rainy season is better;(3)The change of soil moisture in the surrounding space of bare stone decreases with the increase of distance;soil moisture in the surrounding space of terrace bank is decreasing with increasing distance.
The study area is located in Guilin,Guangxi,with a land area of approximately 3,000 m~2.The area is characterized by humid subtropical monsoonal climate,with the average annual temperature 18.7℃and the average annual rainfall of 1,785.2 mm;and it's rainy season is generally from April to September,which belongs to the typical karst peak-cluster depression landforms.The study area include the hillslopes and the below terraces,and the terraces were previously transformed from hillslopes and used by villagers for the orangery and vegetable gardens.The exposed rate of rock in the middle of the hillslopes is more than 70%;and a large amount of exposed rock divide their soil into patches in the form of "rock gap soil" and "stone bowl soil" while retaining the upper native shrub.In order to reveal the spatial variability characteristics of surface soil moisture in typical karst peak-cluster depression hillslopes with strong artificial disturbance and land use diversity,selecting the slopes of the typical peak-cluster depressions and using grid method to measure the soil moisture content in the dry season(December)and the rainy season(May),the spatial variability of soil moisture on hillslopes was analyzed by geostatistics.The results show that,(1)Compared with the slope of single land use,the surface soil moisture of the typical peak-cluster hillslopes is that undisturbed natural vegetation area located above the slope is significantly higher than artificial transformation of the region located below the slope,soil water content of sloping woodland(32.8%)that locating on top of the slope and undisturbed was significantly higher than terraced fields(24.2%),terraced orange garden(20.0%),terraced vegetable garden(22.0%)and bare land(23.5%)during the dry season.In rainy season,bare land(30.2%)and terraced origin garden(32.1%)had increased obviously and the terraced fields were drastically reduced(17.8%),while sloping woodland(32.2%)remained the highest;(2)The spatial structure ratio is 21.0% and 8.7% during the dry and rainy season,respectively,indicating that the spatial correlation of the rainy season is better;the coefficient of variation of the surface soil moisture was 20.1% and 31.7% during dry season and rainy season,which are both belonging to moderate spatial variability;the range of surface soil moisture during the rainy season(77.5 m)was significantly higher than that of dry season(8.0 m),which can be seen that the spatial variation structure of rainy season is better;(3)The change of soil moisture in the surrounding space of bare stone decreases with the increase of distance;soil moisture in the surrounding space of terrace bank is decreasing with increasing distance.
引文
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[18]李裕元,邵明安.土壤翻耕对坡地水分转化与产流产沙特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(1):46-50.
[19]颜蒙蒙,周洲,王济,等.喀斯特地区土壤水分随降雨的动态变化研究:以贵阳市花溪区为例[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(4):446-452.
[20]张继光,陈洪松,苏以荣,等.喀斯特山区坡面土壤水分变异特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):87-93.
[21]李生,任华东,姚小华.西南喀斯特石漠化地区旱季土壤水分对裸岩的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3174-3178.
[22]Li S,Ren H D,Xue L,et al.Influence of bare rocks on surrounding soil moisture in the karst rocky desertification regions under drought conditions[J].Catena,2014,116(3):157-162.
[23]Wang D J,Shen Y X,Huang J,et al.Rock outcrops redistribute water to nearby soil patches in karst landscapes[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2016,23(9):8610.
[24]Hammad A H A,Brresen T,Haugen L E.Effects of rain characteristics and terracing on runoff and erosion under the Mediterranean[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,87(1):39-47.
[25]程冬兵,李朝霞,蔡崇法,等.三峡库区等高绿篱技术对土壤物理性质的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):83-89.
[26]杨开宝,郭培才.梯田田坎水分耗散及其对作物产量的影响初探[J].水土保持通报,1994,14(4):43-47.
[2]蒋忠诚,曹建华,杨德生,等.西南岩溶石漠化区水土流失现状与综合防治对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):37-42.
[3]邓艳,曹建华,蒋忠诚,等.西南岩溶石漠化综合治理水-土-植被关键技术进展与建议[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(5):476-485.
[4]熊平生,袁道先,谢世友.我国南方岩溶山区石漠化基本问题研究进展[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(4):355-362.
[5]任伟,谢世友,谢德体.喀斯特山地典型植被恢复过程中的土壤水分生态效应[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):128-132.
[6]张川,张伟,陈洪松,等.喀斯特典型坡地旱季表层土壤水分时空变异性[J].生态学报,2015,35(19):6326-6334.
[7]宋同清,彭晚霞,曾馥平,等.喀斯特木论自然保护区旱季土壤水分的空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(1):98-104.
[8]陈洪松,聂云鹏,王克林.岩溶山区水分时空异质性及植物适应机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(2):317-326.
[9]张伟,陈洪松,王克林,等.喀斯特地区典型峰丛洼地旱季表层土壤水分空间变异性初探[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):554-562.
[10]张继光,陈洪松,苏以荣,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地坡面土壤含水量空间变异研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(8):54-58.
[11]魏兴琥,徐喜珍,雷俐,等.粤北岩溶峰丛自然坡面与梯田土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].中国水土保持,2014(9):43-47.
[12]姚月锋,何成新,曾丹娟,等.漓江流域表层土壤水分物理性质空间异质性[J].水科学进展,2016,27(5):696-704.
[13]徐慧芳,宋同清,黄国勤,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地区坡地不同土地利用方式下土壤水分的时空变异特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5311-5319.
[14]Western A W,Bl9schl G,Grayson R B.Geostatistical characterisation of soil moisture patterns in the Tarrawarra catchment[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,205(1-2):20-37.
[15]王云强,邵明安,刘志鹏.黄土高原区域尺度土壤水分空间变异性[J].水科学进展,2012,23(3):310-316.
[16]Cambardella C A,Moorman T B,Parkin T B,et al.FieldScale Variability of Soil Properties in Central Iowa Soils[J].Soilence Society of America Journal,1994,58(5):1501-1511.
[17]卫伟,余韵,贾福岩,等.微地形改造的生态环境效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(20):6462-6469.
[18]李裕元,邵明安.土壤翻耕对坡地水分转化与产流产沙特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(1):46-50.
[19]颜蒙蒙,周洲,王济,等.喀斯特地区土壤水分随降雨的动态变化研究:以贵阳市花溪区为例[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(4):446-452.
[20]张继光,陈洪松,苏以荣,等.喀斯特山区坡面土壤水分变异特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):87-93.
[21]李生,任华东,姚小华.西南喀斯特石漠化地区旱季土壤水分对裸岩的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3174-3178.
[22]Li S,Ren H D,Xue L,et al.Influence of bare rocks on surrounding soil moisture in the karst rocky desertification regions under drought conditions[J].Catena,2014,116(3):157-162.
[23]Wang D J,Shen Y X,Huang J,et al.Rock outcrops redistribute water to nearby soil patches in karst landscapes[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2016,23(9):8610.
[24]Hammad A H A,Brresen T,Haugen L E.Effects of rain characteristics and terracing on runoff and erosion under the Mediterranean[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,87(1):39-47.
[25]程冬兵,李朝霞,蔡崇法,等.三峡库区等高绿篱技术对土壤物理性质的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):83-89.
[26]杨开宝,郭培才.梯田田坎水分耗散及其对作物产量的影响初探[J].水土保持通报,1994,14(4):43-47.