浅沟坡面红壤水分季节变化特征及其影响因子
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摘要
在2007年5月到2008年1月期间,供试土壤为红壤及坡面坡度为15°条件下,利用定位观测数据,探讨了天然降雨条件下浅沟侵蚀小区土壤水分季节变化特征,分析了降雨、土壤质地、等高绿篱、浅沟地形等四个因素对土壤水分动态变化的影响。结果表明,小区坡面0-45 cm土层平均土壤水分含量季节变化规律基本与降水变化一致,降水是影响浅沟坡面土壤水分变化的主要原因;绿篱对浅沟坡面土壤水分的影响因存在季节性的差异,雨季等高绿篱措施对提高浅沟坡面0-45 cm土层含水量作用显著,旱季则相反;土壤质地和浅沟微地形也是影响土壤水分变化的重要因素,但其影响都不如降雨和绿篱的影响显著,种植绿篱有利于保持坡面水分。
The soil water contents in the four red-soil hillslope plots at 15 degree with artificial ephemeral gullies were monitored from late-May 2007 to early-January 2008. Seasonal variations of soil moisture and influencing factors, such as rainfall, soil texture, contour hedgerow and gully micro morphology, were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the seasonal variations of the soil water contents of 0-45 cm in all plots responded well to the precipitation, indicating that the precipitation played the most important role in controlling the soil water content of the studied gullies. Whereas,the soil water contents in the hedgerow plots showed slightly different from others. In both the dry and rainy seasons, the average soil water content of 0-45 cm in the hedgerow plots was significantly higher than those of plots with no hedgerow. Both the soil texture and the gully micro morphology presented an important influence on the variation of soil water content in the slope surface of the ephemeral gullies. However, their effects were not statistically significant compared with the precipitation and the hedgerow. Our collective results indicated that the contour hedgerow does help to maintain the soil water in the hillslopes.
The soil water contents in the four red-soil hillslope plots at 15 degree with artificial ephemeral gullies were monitored from late-May 2007 to early-January 2008. Seasonal variations of soil moisture and influencing factors, such as rainfall, soil texture, contour hedgerow and gully micro morphology, were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the seasonal variations of the soil water contents of 0-45 cm in all plots responded well to the precipitation, indicating that the precipitation played the most important role in controlling the soil water content of the studied gullies. Whereas,the soil water contents in the hedgerow plots showed slightly different from others. In both the dry and rainy seasons, the average soil water content of 0-45 cm in the hedgerow plots was significantly higher than those of plots with no hedgerow. Both the soil texture and the gully micro morphology presented an important influence on the variation of soil water content in the slope surface of the ephemeral gullies. However, their effects were not statistically significant compared with the precipitation and the hedgerow. Our collective results indicated that the contour hedgerow does help to maintain the soil water in the hillslopes.
引文
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[20]彭艳平,高超,张旭,等.干湿两季等高绿篱红壤浅沟坡面土壤水分空间变化[J].华中农业大学学报,2013,32(2):61-66.
[21]彭艳平.等高绿篱下浅沟坡面土壤水分变化的初步研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
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[24]Ghazavi G,Thomas Z,Hamon Y,et al.Hedgerow impacts on soilwater transfer due to rainfall interception and root-water uptake[J].Hydrological Processes,2008,22(24):4723-4735.
[25]Mayor A,Angeles G,Susana B,et al.Measurement of the connectivity of runoff source areas as determined by vegetation pattern and topography:A tool for assessing potential water and soil losses in drylands[J].Water Resources Research,2008,44(10):W10423.
[2]黄道友,王克林,黄敏,等.我国中亚热带典型红壤丘陵区季节性干旱[J].生态学报,2004,24(11):2516-2523.
[3]黄美艳,肖辉林,彭少麟,等.广东红壤坡地的农业利用问题[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1314-1316.
[4]谢小立,王凯荣.湘北红壤坡地土壤水分特征及其水分运移[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):104-111.
[5]奚同行,左长清,尹忠东,等.红壤坡地土壤水分亏缺特性分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):30-33.
[6]刘祖香,陈效民,靖彦,等.典型旱地红壤水力学特性及其影响因素研究[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(2):21-25.
[7]高跃.基于HYDRUS模型的红壤坡耕地水分动态研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[8]孟薇.基于环境同位素技术的红壤坡地土壤水分运移规律研究[D].长沙:中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,2007.
[9]武敏,郑粉莉.浅沟侵蚀过程及预报模型研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2014,11(4):113-116.
[10]钟五常.江西红壤丘陵浅沟侵蚀的成因及其治理[J].江西师范学院学报,1966,1(1):51-60.
[11]许建民.黄土高原浅沟发育主要影响因素及其防治措施研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):39-41.
[12]龚家国,王文龙,郭军权.黄土丘陵沟壑区浅沟水流水动力学参数实验研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):93-100.
[13]程冬兵,蔡崇法.等高绿篱技术保水抗旱效益研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(5):793-796.
[14]董萍,严力蛟.利用植物篱防治水土流失的技术及其效益研究综述[J].土壤通报,2011,42(2):491-496.
[15]许峰,蔡强国,吴淑安,等.等高植物篱控制紫色土坡耕地侵蚀的特点[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):71-80.
[16]蒲玉林,谢德体,倪九派,等.紫色土区坡耕地植物篱模式综合生态效益评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(1):44-51.
[17]郭忠录,彭艳平,丁树文,等.等高绿篱模式下红壤丘岗区浅沟坡面土壤水分时空分布[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):62-66.
[18]邬岳阳,严力蛟,樊吉,等.植物篱对红壤坡耕地的水土保持效应及其机理研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(6):609-615.
[19]宋州俊,陈富良,郑勇.香根草等高绿篱在大别山南麓黄棕壤坡耕地水土保持应用的研究[J].亚热带水土保持,2012,24(4):4-7.
[20]彭艳平,高超,张旭,等.干湿两季等高绿篱红壤浅沟坡面土壤水分空间变化[J].华中农业大学学报,2013,32(2):61-66.
[21]彭艳平.等高绿篱下浅沟坡面土壤水分变化的初步研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[22]Van Genutchen M.A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[23]武天云,Jeff J,李凤民,等.土壤有机质概念和分组技术研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2014,15(4):717-722.
[24]Ghazavi G,Thomas Z,Hamon Y,et al.Hedgerow impacts on soilwater transfer due to rainfall interception and root-water uptake[J].Hydrological Processes,2008,22(24):4723-4735.
[25]Mayor A,Angeles G,Susana B,et al.Measurement of the connectivity of runoff source areas as determined by vegetation pattern and topography:A tool for assessing potential water and soil losses in drylands[J].Water Resources Research,2008,44(10):W10423.