筏式养殖区流速垂向分布公式的试验研究
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摘要
以模型长度比尺λl=lp/lm=20(lp,lm分别为原型和模型的长度)筏式养殖模型布置于矩形水槽中进行试验,对养殖区的典型位置进行流速垂向分布测量.首先利用明渠流理论,以常用对数函数曲线与抛物线曲线对流速垂向分布进行初步拟合与分析,按影响程度分为养殖区强影响区、中影响区与弱影响区.然后在箱线图上拟合公式来确定公式的系数,得到强影响区与中影响区流速垂向分布的抛物线型公式,前者的公式系数大于后者;得到弱影响区流速垂向分布的对数函数型公式.最后对比分析了养殖密度的影响,养殖密度增大,抛物线型公式的相应系数增大,对数函数型公式系数上、下限亦增大.
Physical experiments are carried out in a rectangular flume with a length scale of 20 models,and the velocity is measured in vertical particular depth.First,the velocity distributions in vertical direction are initial fitted by curves of the parabolic and logarithmic formula based on the theory of open channel flow and analyzed,the strongly affected zones,moderately affected zones and weakly affected zones are classified from the effect degree. Then, the formula coefficients are deduced by the method of Box-plot fitting,and the formulas of vertical velocity distribution are obtained with parabolic equation in strongly and moderately affected raft zones and coefficients of the former larger than the latter;however,the logarithmic equation is more suitable to weakly affected zones.Finally,the analysis on effect of aquiculture density leads to the conclusion on the parabolic coefficients and the range of logarithmic coefficients increase with the density increasement.
Physical experiments are carried out in a rectangular flume with a length scale of 20 models,and the velocity is measured in vertical particular depth.First,the velocity distributions in vertical direction are initial fitted by curves of the parabolic and logarithmic formula based on the theory of open channel flow and analyzed,the strongly affected zones,moderately affected zones and weakly affected zones are classified from the effect degree. Then, the formula coefficients are deduced by the method of Box-plot fitting,and the formulas of vertical velocity distribution are obtained with parabolic equation in strongly and moderately affected raft zones and coefficients of the former larger than the latter;however,the logarithmic equation is more suitable to weakly affected zones.Finally,the analysis on effect of aquiculture density leads to the conclusion on the parabolic coefficients and the range of logarithmic coefficients increase with the density increasement.
引文
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[14]胡春宏,惠遇甲.明渠挟沙水流运动的力学和统计规律[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.HU Chunhong,HUI Yujia.Mechanics and statistical law of sediment llow in open channel[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.
[15]孙东坡,王二平,董志慧,等.矩形断面明渠流速分布的研究及应用[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2004,19(2):144.SUN Dongpo,WANG Erping,DONG Zhihui,et al.Discussion and application of velocity profile in open channel with rectangular cross-section[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2004,19(2):144.
[2]丁刚,吴海一,郭萍萍,等.我国海上筏式养殖模式的演变与发展趋势[J].中国渔业经济,2013,31(1):164.DING Gang,WU Haiyi,GUO Pingping,et al.Evolution and development trend of marine raft cultivation model in China[J].Chinese Fisheries Economics,2013,31(1):164.
[3]李铁军,郭远明,徐汉祥,等.近海筏式养殖造成的水文动力条件变化分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2012,31(4):329.LI Tiejun,GUO Yuanming,XU Hanxiang,et al.Analysing the change of the hydrodynamic condition by suspension aquaculture in shore sea[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2012,31(4):329.
[4]GIBBS M M,JAMES M R,PICKMERE S E.Hydrodynamics and water column properties at six stations associated with mussel farming in Pelorus Sound[J].New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,1991,25(3):239.
[5]项福亭,曲维功,张益额,等.庙岛海峡以东浅海养殖结构调整的研究[J].齐鲁渔业,1996,13(2):1.XIANG Futing,QU Weigong,ZHANF Yi'e,et al.On aquaculture structure adjustment in shallow sea east to Miaodao Strait[J].Shandong Fisheries,1996,13(2):1.
[6]O′Donncha F,Hartnett M,Nash S.Physical and numerical investigation of the hydrodynamic implications of aquaculture farms[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,52:14.
[7]樊星,魏皓,原野,等.近岸典型养殖海区的潮流垂直结构特征[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(2):181.FAN Xing,WEI Hao,YUAN Ye,et al.The features of vertical structures of tidal current in a typical coastal mariculture area of China[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China(Natural Science),2009,39(2):181.
[8]左东启.模型试验的理论和方法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.ZU Dongqi.The theory and method of model experiment[M].Beijing:Water&Power Press,1984.
[9]王中起,韩志远,严冰.秦皇岛海域水文泥沙特征分析[J].水道港口,2010,31(4):247.WANG Zhongqi,HAN Zhiyuan,YAN Bing.Hydrographic and sediment characteristics in Qinhuangdao sea area[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2010,31(4):247.
[10]Zhu C,Hao W,Chang X.Vertical velocity distribution in open-channel flow with rigid vegetation[J].The Scientific World Journal,2014,2014(3):146829.
[11]Ma A,Lu Y,Cao M,et al.Velocity distribution and characteristics in unsteady open-channel flow over rough bed[M]∥Hydraulic EngineeringⅢ:Proceedings of the 3rd Technical Conference on Hydraulic Engineering(CHE2014).Hongkong:[s.n.],2015:15-22.
[12]Pal D,Ghoshal K.Vertical distribution of fluid velocity and suspended sediment in open channel turbulent flow[J].Fluid Dynamics Research,2016,48(3):035501.
[13]严军,王二平,孙东坡,等.矩形断面明渠流速分布特性的试验研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2005,38(5):57.YAN Jun,WANG Erping,SUN Dongpo,et al.Experimental study on distribution properties of velocity in rectangular open channel[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2005,38(5):57.
[14]胡春宏,惠遇甲.明渠挟沙水流运动的力学和统计规律[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.HU Chunhong,HUI Yujia.Mechanics and statistical law of sediment llow in open channel[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.
[15]孙东坡,王二平,董志慧,等.矩形断面明渠流速分布的研究及应用[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2004,19(2):144.SUN Dongpo,WANG Erping,DONG Zhihui,et al.Discussion and application of velocity profile in open channel with rectangular cross-section[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2004,19(2):144.