海上养殖设施与人工鱼礁融合布局流场分析
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摘要
为拓展人工鱼礁的聚群功能,实现网箱及筏架多层次养殖的现代海洋牧场新模式,在网箱附近构建一定形态的人工鱼礁群,采用CFD软件并进行二次开发,模拟往复潮流,对鱼礁区流场分析。结果显示:网箱附近放置部分鱼礁,在海底流速为1 m/s的情况下,礁区内布置的网箱(围栏)养殖区域内的流速为0. 60～0. 80 m/s;在礁区后方形成较大范围的涡流区,流速在0. 2～0. 67 m/s。根据大型网箱、围栏的投饲情况,分析了礁区内往复海流对养殖固形物携带能力。验证了人工鱼礁群、网箱及养殖筏架综合布局新模式的可行性。研究表明:人工鱼礁群落对内部放置的网箱具有一定的阻流作用,在鱼礁群落的后侧,适合贝类及藻类的筏架养殖。该研究为现代化海洋牧场生态环境构建提供了理论依据。
In order to expand the clustering function of artificial reefs and realize the new mode of modern marine pastures for cage and raft multi-level aquaculture,a certain form of artificial reef community is constructed near the cage,and CFD software is used for secondary development to simulate the reciprocating tide and analyze the flow field in the reef area. The results show that when some reefs are placed near the cage,at the underwater velocity of 1 m/s,the velocity in the cage in the reef area and in the fenced breeding area is0. 60-0. 80 m/s; and a large eddy current area is formed behind the reef area,with the velocity of 0. 2-0. 67 m/s. According to the feeding conditions of large cages and fences,the carrying capacity of reciprocating currents in the reef area to aquaculture solids is analyzed. The feasibility of the new comprehensive layout model of artificial reef community,cage and aquaculture raft is verified. The research indicates that the artificial reef community has a certain blocking effect on the cages placed inside,and on the back of the reef community,it is suitable for the raft aquaculture of shellfish and algae. The research which provides a theoretical basis for the ecological environment construction of modern marine pastures.
In order to expand the clustering function of artificial reefs and realize the new mode of modern marine pastures for cage and raft multi-level aquaculture,a certain form of artificial reef community is constructed near the cage,and CFD software is used for secondary development to simulate the reciprocating tide and analyze the flow field in the reef area. The results show that when some reefs are placed near the cage,at the underwater velocity of 1 m/s,the velocity in the cage in the reef area and in the fenced breeding area is0. 60-0. 80 m/s; and a large eddy current area is formed behind the reef area,with the velocity of 0. 2-0. 67 m/s. According to the feeding conditions of large cages and fences,the carrying capacity of reciprocating currents in the reef area to aquaculture solids is analyzed. The feasibility of the new comprehensive layout model of artificial reef community,cage and aquaculture raft is verified. The research indicates that the artificial reef community has a certain blocking effect on the cages placed inside,and on the back of the reef community,it is suitable for the raft aquaculture of shellfish and algae. The research which provides a theoretical basis for the ecological environment construction of modern marine pastures.
引文
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[21]李聪洲,张新曙,胡晓峰,等.高雷诺数下多柱绕流特性研究[J].力学学报,2018,50(2):233-243.
[22]王福军.计算流体力学动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:114-116.
[23]张硕,孙满昌,陈勇.不同高度混凝土模型礁背涡流特性的定量研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(4):278-282.
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[26]陈家庆,俞接成,刘美丽,等. Ansys Fluent技术基础与工程应用—流动传热与环境污染控制领域[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2014:278-288.
[27]唐黎标.网箱养鱼与水环境保护的措施[J].渔业致富指南,2015(12):24-25.
[2]阙华勇,陈勇,张秀梅,等.现代海洋牧场建设发展对策[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(3):79-84.
[3] KELLER K,STEFFE A S,LOWRY M B,et al. Estimating therecreational harvest of fish from a nearshore designed artificialreef using a pragmatic approach[J]. Fisheries Research,2017(187):158-167.
[4] DAVIS T R,SMITH S D A. Proximity effects of natural andartificial reef walls on fish assemblages[J]. Regional Studies inMarine Science,2017,9(1):17-23.
[5]刘敏,董鹏,刘汉超.美国德克萨斯州人工鱼礁建设及对我国的启示[J].海洋开发与管理,2017(4):21-25.
[6] CASTEGE I,MILON E,FOURNEAU G,et al. First results offauna community structure and dynamics on two artificial reefs inthe south of the Bay of Biscay(France)[J]. Science Letter,2016(179):172-180.
[7]陈晨,焦海峰,王一农,等.象山港海洋牧场示范区大型底栖生物的时空变化[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):130-139.
[8]杨红生,霍达,许强.现代海洋牧场建设之我见[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(6):1069-1075.
[9]盛玲.博采众长:国外海洋牧场建设经验借赏[J].中国农村科技,2018,275(4):56-57.
[10]余会娟,王金环.从战略高度重视和推进我国海洋牧场建设[J].农村经济,2015(3):50-53.
[11]JIANG Z Y,LIANG Z L,ZHU L X,et al. Numerical simulationof effect of guide plate on flow field of artificial reef[J]. OceanEngineering,2016(116):236-241.
[12]MOUSAVI S H,DANEHKAR A,SHOKRI M R,et al. Siteselection for artificial reefs using a new combine Multi-CriteriaDecision-Making(MCDM)tools for coral reefs inthe KishIsland-Persian Gulf[J]. Ocean and Coastal Management,2015(111):92-102.
[13]SRINEASH V K,MURALI K. Pressures on gabion boxes asartificial reef units[J]. Procedia Engineering,2015(116):552-559.
[14]白一冰,张成刚,罗小峰.吕泗渔场人工鱼礁群流场效应及稳定性研究[J].人民长江,2018,49(8):25-30.
[15]邹涛,张立斌,张华,等.基于长期定点观测资料的莱州湾人工鱼礁建设区局地水动力特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2018,49(2):280-289.
[16]刘长根,杨春忠,李欣雨,等.天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁流场效应与稳定性的数值模拟研究[C]//第二十七届全国水动力学研讨会文集,北京:海洋出版社,2015:1131-1137.
[17]兰孝政,万荣,唐衍力,等.圆台型人工鱼礁单体流场效应的数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报,2016,46(8):47-53.
[18]李奕雯.特呈岛深水网箱经受“彩虹”考验[J].海洋与渔业,2015(11):38-39.
[19]张永强.莱州湾风暴潮过程增水、波浪、风暴潮流数值模拟分析[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2010.
[20]胡博,谭丽菊,王江涛.昌黎近岸海域扇贝养殖区沉积物—水界面溶解无机氮磷及尿素扩散通量研究[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(6):864-870.
[21]李聪洲,张新曙,胡晓峰,等.高雷诺数下多柱绕流特性研究[J].力学学报,2018,50(2):233-243.
[22]王福军.计算流体力学动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:114-116.
[23]张硕,孙满昌,陈勇.不同高度混凝土模型礁背涡流特性的定量研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(4):278-282.
[24]赵仕,徐继荣.海水网箱养殖对沉积环境的影响[J].黑龙江科技信息,2009(18):117-119.
[25]WORSS,LAM K S,MACKAY D W,et al. Impact of marine fishfarming on water quality and bottom sediment:a case study inthe sub-tropical environment[J]. Marine Environ-mentalResearch,1994(38):115-145.
[26]陈家庆,俞接成,刘美丽,等. Ansys Fluent技术基础与工程应用—流动传热与环境污染控制领域[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2014:278-288.
[27]唐黎标.网箱养鱼与水环境保护的措施[J].渔业致富指南,2015(12):24-25.