多年模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹人工林土壤节肢动物的影响
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摘要
土壤动物在生态系统养分循环中扮演着重要角色,其中土壤节肢动物在凋落物破碎和土壤团聚体形成中起着决定性作用。为探究多年模拟氮沉降对苦竹人工林土壤节肢动物的影响,于2007年11月起在华西雨屏区苦竹人工林进行了每月1次的模拟氮沉降试验,以硝酸铵为氮源,设对照(0 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1))、低氮(5 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1))、中氮(15 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1))和高氮(30 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)) 4个处理。在施氮6.5年后分别于2014年1月、10月,2015年1月采集凋落物层和0～15 cm土层样品带回实验室分离鉴定。结果显示:本试验共观察到土壤节肢动物1852只,隶属于3门7纲18目;凋落物层土壤节肢动物个体数和类群数随施氮浓度的升高而增加,且高氮处理显著高于对照;土壤层土壤节肢动物个体数和类群数随施氮浓度的升高而减少,但与对照相比均不显著;模拟氮沉降对凋落物层和土壤层土壤节肢动物多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数均无显著影响。
Soil fauna plays an important role in ecosystem nutrient cycling. Soil arthropods play a fundamental role in litter breaking process and in the formation of soil aggregates. We examined the effects of chronic N deposition on soil arthropod communities in a Pleioblastus amarus plantation in the rainy area of west China,with a field experiment involving monthly simulated N deposition using NH4 NO3 since 2007. There were four levels of N addition: control( 0 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)),low N( 5 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)),medium N( 15 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)) and high N( 30 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)). After six and half years of treatment,litter of P. amarus and soil samples were collected in January 2014,October 2014 and January 2015. The results showed that 1852 individuals of soil arthropods were found,which could be classified into 3 phyla,7 classes and 18 orders. The individuals and species number of soil arthropods increased with increasing N deposition levels in the litter layer,being significantly higher in the high N treatment than that in control. In the soil layer,the individuals and species number of soil arthropods decreased with increasing N deposition levels,although there was no significant difference among the different treatments. Simulated N deposition had no significant effects on the Shannon diversity,Pielou evenness,and Menhinick richness indices of soil arthropods in both litter layer and soil layer.
Soil fauna plays an important role in ecosystem nutrient cycling. Soil arthropods play a fundamental role in litter breaking process and in the formation of soil aggregates. We examined the effects of chronic N deposition on soil arthropod communities in a Pleioblastus amarus plantation in the rainy area of west China,with a field experiment involving monthly simulated N deposition using NH4 NO3 since 2007. There were four levels of N addition: control( 0 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)),low N( 5 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)),medium N( 15 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)) and high N( 30 g N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)). After six and half years of treatment,litter of P. amarus and soil samples were collected in January 2014,October 2014 and January 2015. The results showed that 1852 individuals of soil arthropods were found,which could be classified into 3 phyla,7 classes and 18 orders. The individuals and species number of soil arthropods increased with increasing N deposition levels in the litter layer,being significantly higher in the high N treatment than that in control. In the soil layer,the individuals and species number of soil arthropods decreased with increasing N deposition levels,although there was no significant difference among the different treatments. Simulated N deposition had no significant effects on the Shannon diversity,Pielou evenness,and Menhinick richness indices of soil arthropods in both litter layer and soil layer.
引文
崔洋,汪思龙,于小军,等.2012.森林土壤动物对凋落物早期分解及养分释放的影响.生态学杂志,31(11):2709-2715.
高敏,马香丽,杨晋宇,等.2017.冀北山地华北落叶松人工林与白桦混交改造模式对土壤动物群落的影响.林业科学,53(1):70-81.
黄兴成.2016.四川盆地紫色土养分肥力现状及炭基调理剂培肥效应研究(硕士学位论文).成都:西南大学.
靳亚丽,李必成,耿龙,等.2017.上海大金山岛不同植被类型下土壤动物群落多样性.生物多样性,25(3):304-311.
马香丽,杨晋宇,黄选瑞,等.2016.塞罕坝落叶松纯林和混交林凋落物层中小型土壤动物群落特征.四川农业大学学报,34(2):147-152.
邵元虎,张卫信,刘胜杰,等.2015.土壤动物多样性及其生态功能.生态学报,35(20):6614-6625.
涂利华.2011.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹人工林生态系统碳循环过程和特征的影响(博士学位论文).成都:四川农业大学.
涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.2011.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤有机碳和养分的影响.植物生态学报,35(2):125-136.
肖银龙,涂利华,胡庭兴,等.2013.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林凋落物基质质量的影响.生态学报,33(20):6587-6594.
徐国良,莫江明,周国逸,等.2004.模拟氮沉降对苗圃地土壤动物群落的影响.生态环境学报,13(4):487-492.
杨万勤.2006.森林土壤生态学.成都:四川科学技术出版社.
杨赵,杨效东.2011.哀牢山不同类型亚热带森林地表凋落物及土壤节肢动物群落特征.应用生态学报,22(11):3011-3020.
尹文英.1992.中国亚热带土壤动物.北京:科学出版社.
尹文英.1998.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社.
余广彬,杨效东.2007.不同演替阶段热带森林地表凋落物和土壤节肢动物群落特征.生物多样性,15(2):188-198.
张荣祖.1998.土壤动物研究方法手册.北京:中国林业出版社.
周丹燕,卜丹蓉,葛之葳,等.2015.氮添加对沿海不同林龄杨树人工林土壤动物群落的影响.生态学杂志,34(9):2553-2560.
朱永恒,李克中,陆林.2012.根际土壤动物及其对植物生长的影响.生态学杂志,31(10):2688-2693.
Chen D,Lan Z,Hu S,et al.2015.Effects of nitrogen enrichment on belowground communities in grassland:Relative role of soil nitrogen availability vs.soil acidification.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,89:99-108.
Chen G,Tu L,Peng Y,et al.2017.Effect of nitrogen additions on root morphology and chemistry in a subtropical bamboo forest.Plant and Soil,412:441-451.
Chen G,Tu L,Chen G,et al.2018.Effect of six years of nitrogen additions on soil chemistry in a subtropical Pleioblastus amarus forest,Southwest China.Journal of Forestry Research,29:1657-1664.
Eisenhauer N,Cesarz S,Koller R,et al.2012.Global change belowground:Impacts of elevated CO2,nitrogen,and summer drought on soil food webs and biodiversity.Global Change Biology,18:435-447.
Fujii S,Saitoh S,Takeda H.2014.Effects of rhizospheres on the community composition of Collembola in a temperate forest.Applied Soil Ecology,83:109-115.
Galloway JN,Dentener FJ,Capone DG,et al.2004.Nitrogen cycles:Past,present,and future.Biogeochemistry,70:153-226.
Gan H,Zak DR,Hunter MD.2014.Trophic stability of soil oribatid mites in the face of environmental change.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,68:71-77.
Hasselquist NJ,Metcalfe DB,Marshall JD,et al.2016.Seasonality and nitrogen supply modify carbon partitioning in understory vegetation of a boreal coniferous forest.Ecology,97:671-683.
Li X,Yin X,Wang Z,et al.2015.Litter mass loss and nutrient release influenced by soil fauna of Betula ermanii forest floor of the Changbai Mountains,China.Applied Soil Ecology,95:15-22.
Micks P,Downs MR,Magill AH,et al.2004.Decomposing litter as a sink for15N-enriched additions to an oak forest and a red pine plantation.Forest Ecology and Management,196:71-87.
Nijssen ME,Wallis De Vries MF,Siepel H.2017.Pathways for the effects of increased nitrogen deposition on fauna.Biological Conservation,212:423-431.
Vet R,Artz RS,Carou S,et al.2014.A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition of sulfur,nitrogen,sea salt,base cations,organic acids,acidity and p H,and phosphorus.Atmospheric Environment,93:3-100.
Xu Z,Tu L,Hu T,et al.2013.Implications of greater than average increases in nitrogen deposition on the western edge of the Szechwan Basin,China.Environmental Pollution,177:201-202.
Zhu X,Zhu B.2015.Diversity and abundance of soil fauna as influenced by long-term fertilization in cropland of purple soil,China.Soil&Tillage Research,146:39-46.
高敏,马香丽,杨晋宇,等.2017.冀北山地华北落叶松人工林与白桦混交改造模式对土壤动物群落的影响.林业科学,53(1):70-81.
黄兴成.2016.四川盆地紫色土养分肥力现状及炭基调理剂培肥效应研究(硕士学位论文).成都:西南大学.
靳亚丽,李必成,耿龙,等.2017.上海大金山岛不同植被类型下土壤动物群落多样性.生物多样性,25(3):304-311.
马香丽,杨晋宇,黄选瑞,等.2016.塞罕坝落叶松纯林和混交林凋落物层中小型土壤动物群落特征.四川农业大学学报,34(2):147-152.
邵元虎,张卫信,刘胜杰,等.2015.土壤动物多样性及其生态功能.生态学报,35(20):6614-6625.
涂利华.2011.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹人工林生态系统碳循环过程和特征的影响(博士学位论文).成都:四川农业大学.
涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.2011.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤有机碳和养分的影响.植物生态学报,35(2):125-136.
肖银龙,涂利华,胡庭兴,等.2013.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林凋落物基质质量的影响.生态学报,33(20):6587-6594.
徐国良,莫江明,周国逸,等.2004.模拟氮沉降对苗圃地土壤动物群落的影响.生态环境学报,13(4):487-492.
杨万勤.2006.森林土壤生态学.成都:四川科学技术出版社.
杨赵,杨效东.2011.哀牢山不同类型亚热带森林地表凋落物及土壤节肢动物群落特征.应用生态学报,22(11):3011-3020.
尹文英.1992.中国亚热带土壤动物.北京:科学出版社.
尹文英.1998.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社.
余广彬,杨效东.2007.不同演替阶段热带森林地表凋落物和土壤节肢动物群落特征.生物多样性,15(2):188-198.
张荣祖.1998.土壤动物研究方法手册.北京:中国林业出版社.
周丹燕,卜丹蓉,葛之葳,等.2015.氮添加对沿海不同林龄杨树人工林土壤动物群落的影响.生态学杂志,34(9):2553-2560.
朱永恒,李克中,陆林.2012.根际土壤动物及其对植物生长的影响.生态学杂志,31(10):2688-2693.
Chen D,Lan Z,Hu S,et al.2015.Effects of nitrogen enrichment on belowground communities in grassland:Relative role of soil nitrogen availability vs.soil acidification.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,89:99-108.
Chen G,Tu L,Peng Y,et al.2017.Effect of nitrogen additions on root morphology and chemistry in a subtropical bamboo forest.Plant and Soil,412:441-451.
Chen G,Tu L,Chen G,et al.2018.Effect of six years of nitrogen additions on soil chemistry in a subtropical Pleioblastus amarus forest,Southwest China.Journal of Forestry Research,29:1657-1664.
Eisenhauer N,Cesarz S,Koller R,et al.2012.Global change belowground:Impacts of elevated CO2,nitrogen,and summer drought on soil food webs and biodiversity.Global Change Biology,18:435-447.
Fujii S,Saitoh S,Takeda H.2014.Effects of rhizospheres on the community composition of Collembola in a temperate forest.Applied Soil Ecology,83:109-115.
Galloway JN,Dentener FJ,Capone DG,et al.2004.Nitrogen cycles:Past,present,and future.Biogeochemistry,70:153-226.
Gan H,Zak DR,Hunter MD.2014.Trophic stability of soil oribatid mites in the face of environmental change.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,68:71-77.
Hasselquist NJ,Metcalfe DB,Marshall JD,et al.2016.Seasonality and nitrogen supply modify carbon partitioning in understory vegetation of a boreal coniferous forest.Ecology,97:671-683.
Li X,Yin X,Wang Z,et al.2015.Litter mass loss and nutrient release influenced by soil fauna of Betula ermanii forest floor of the Changbai Mountains,China.Applied Soil Ecology,95:15-22.
Micks P,Downs MR,Magill AH,et al.2004.Decomposing litter as a sink for15N-enriched additions to an oak forest and a red pine plantation.Forest Ecology and Management,196:71-87.
Nijssen ME,Wallis De Vries MF,Siepel H.2017.Pathways for the effects of increased nitrogen deposition on fauna.Biological Conservation,212:423-431.
Vet R,Artz RS,Carou S,et al.2014.A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition of sulfur,nitrogen,sea salt,base cations,organic acids,acidity and p H,and phosphorus.Atmospheric Environment,93:3-100.
Xu Z,Tu L,Hu T,et al.2013.Implications of greater than average increases in nitrogen deposition on the western edge of the Szechwan Basin,China.Environmental Pollution,177:201-202.
Zhu X,Zhu B.2015.Diversity and abundance of soil fauna as influenced by long-term fertilization in cropland of purple soil,China.Soil&Tillage Research,146:39-46.