马来穿山甲人工育幼的研究
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摘要
以在广西野生动物救护中心自然交配繁殖出生的马来穿山甲幼仔为研究对象,进行全人工哺育研究。人工育幼以山羊奶粉为代乳,对幼仔1～80日龄的生长发育数据进行收集和分析,研究结果显示:在人工哺育期间,随着日龄和哺乳量的增大,幼仔的体重呈现出总体的增长趋势,总增加重量为831 g,增重率为620%;幼仔的体长、尾长、胸围、前后肢长均呈现增长的态势,幼仔体长、尾长、胸围、前肢长、后肢长的增长率分别为80%、67%、109%、60%、80%;使用加入益生菌妈咪爱、添加钙铁锌口服液的山羊奶哺育马来穿山甲幼仔,辅以适宜的育幼环境,及科学的日常饲养管理,是人工哺育马来穿山甲幼仔切实可行的途径。同时,人工育幼的方法可以作为提高马来穿山甲幼仔的成活率,扩大圈养种群的重要技术措施。
Taking a Manis javanica pup as test object and hand reared,whinch was born in one litter at Guangxi wildlife rescue center,and using the goat milk powder to replace breast milk to rear. The growth and development data of pup aged 1 ～ 80 days were collected and analyzed,and results show that: the weight of the pup increased with age during hand rearing. The weight gains of the pup were 831 g,and the weight gains from birth were 620%. As well as weight,the growth increase from birth of body length was 80%,tail length increase was 67%,chest circumference was 109%,foreleg length increase was 60%,hind legs length increase was 80%. With suitable milk substitutes,added probiotics and trace elements,appropriate rearing temperature,and scientific daily feeding management,hand rearing of M.javanicais is feasible. Handing rearing could be used as the final measure for pup,and is also an important technical measure to improve the survival rate of M. javanicais pups and expand the captive population.
Taking a Manis javanica pup as test object and hand reared,whinch was born in one litter at Guangxi wildlife rescue center,and using the goat milk powder to replace breast milk to rear. The growth and development data of pup aged 1 ～ 80 days were collected and analyzed,and results show that: the weight of the pup increased with age during hand rearing. The weight gains of the pup were 831 g,and the weight gains from birth were 620%. As well as weight,the growth increase from birth of body length was 80%,tail length increase was 67%,chest circumference was 109%,foreleg length increase was 60%,hind legs length increase was 80%. With suitable milk substitutes,added probiotics and trace elements,appropriate rearing temperature,and scientific daily feeding management,hand rearing of M.javanicais is feasible. Handing rearing could be used as the final measure for pup,and is also an important technical measure to improve the survival rate of M. javanicais pups and expand the captive population.
引文
[1]吴诗宝,王应祥,冯庆.中国兽类一新记录—爪哇穿山甲[J].动物分类学报,2005,30(2):440-443.
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[3]胡锦矗,吴毅.脊椎动物资源及保护[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1998.
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[5]吴诗宝,刘遒发,李有余,等.中国穿山甲的食性及觅食行为初步观察[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(3):337-341.
[6] Lim NYL,Ng PKL. Home range,activity cycle and natal den usege of a female Sunda pangolin Mains javanica(Mammalia:Pholidota)in Singapore[J]. Endangered Species Research,2007,3:1-8.
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[8]王华,张新玉,鲍毅新,等.混合圈养条件下马来穿山甲活动时间的分配与规律[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1407-1412.
[9]余经裕,彭建军,廖国宇,等.圈养马来穿山甲交配行为观察和出生及生长记录一例[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,33(5):89-92.
[10] Shih-chien Chin,D. V. M.,M. S.,Chen-Yah Lien,D.V. M.,Yating Chan, M. S., et al. Hematologic and serum biochemical parameters of apparently healthy rescued formosan pangolins(Manis Pentadactyla Pentadactyla)[J]. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,2015,46(1):68-76
[11]刘兆阳,王星卓,李茂平,等.华南虎的人工育幼[J].野生动物,2012,33(5):251-253.
[12]丁爱萍,李德中,袁丽,等.豹的人工育幼[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(1):122-124
[13]廖河康,谢江,黎寿生,等.野生豹猫人工育幼的初步观察[J],野生动物学报,2018,39(1):30-34.
[14]林开雄.华南虎人工育幼研究[J].福建畜牧兽医,2009,31(1):9-10.
[15]刘淑华,梁卫峰,王东东,等.驼鹿的人工哺乳育幼[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007,2007(8):117-118.
[16]何晓聪.人工辅助育幼小熊猫及饲养管理[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017,33(9):81-83.
[2] Swart JM,Richardson PRK,Ferguson JWH. Ecological factors affecting the feeding behaviour of pangolins(Manis temminckii)[J]. Journal of Zoology,1999,247:281-292
[3]胡锦矗,吴毅.脊椎动物资源及保护[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1998.
[4]Yang CW, Chen S, Chang CY, et al. History and dietary husbandry of pangolins in captivity[J]. Zoo Biology,2007,26:223-230.
[5]吴诗宝,刘遒发,李有余,等.中国穿山甲的食性及觅食行为初步观察[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(3):337-341.
[6] Lim NYL,Ng PKL. Home range,activity cycle and natal den usege of a female Sunda pangolin Mains javanica(Mammalia:Pholidota)in Singapore[J]. Endangered Species Research,2007,3:1-8.
[7]吴诗宝,马广智,陈海,等.穿山甲洞穴生态学初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):401-407.
[8]王华,张新玉,鲍毅新,等.混合圈养条件下马来穿山甲活动时间的分配与规律[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1407-1412.
[9]余经裕,彭建军,廖国宇,等.圈养马来穿山甲交配行为观察和出生及生长记录一例[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,33(5):89-92.
[10] Shih-chien Chin,D. V. M.,M. S.,Chen-Yah Lien,D.V. M.,Yating Chan, M. S., et al. Hematologic and serum biochemical parameters of apparently healthy rescued formosan pangolins(Manis Pentadactyla Pentadactyla)[J]. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,2015,46(1):68-76
[11]刘兆阳,王星卓,李茂平,等.华南虎的人工育幼[J].野生动物,2012,33(5):251-253.
[12]丁爱萍,李德中,袁丽,等.豹的人工育幼[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(1):122-124
[13]廖河康,谢江,黎寿生,等.野生豹猫人工育幼的初步观察[J],野生动物学报,2018,39(1):30-34.
[14]林开雄.华南虎人工育幼研究[J].福建畜牧兽医,2009,31(1):9-10.
[15]刘淑华,梁卫峰,王东东,等.驼鹿的人工哺乳育幼[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007,2007(8):117-118.
[16]何晓聪.人工辅助育幼小熊猫及饲养管理[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017,33(9):81-83.