摘要
为了对云纹石斑鱼与鞍带石斑鱼的杂交种云龙石斑鱼生长特性进行分析,本研究对工厂化养殖条件下云龙石斑鱼与云纹石斑鱼、珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的生长特性进行了对比。通过云龙石斑鱼家系与云纹石斑鱼家系建立和培育,对不同家系的受精率、正常发育率和畸形率进行统计;分别对45~245日龄的云龙石斑鱼与云纹石斑鱼的生长性状进行了测量;分别对云龙石斑鱼与珍珠龙胆石斑鱼在生长时间跨度为2~13月龄的生长性状进行测量,并于13月龄时统计成活率(苗种为2016年繁育);利用单因素方差分析法和多重比较分析对测定的生长性状进行比较分析,同时利用Excel软件拟合云龙石斑鱼、云纹石斑鱼的生长曲线。结果显示,杂交种云龙石斑鱼受精率平均为55.5%±26.7%,正常发育率平均为33.9%±23.6%,畸形率平均为8.3%±0.9%。至245日龄时云龙石斑鱼体长、体质量的平均值分别为(22.5±1.7) cm、(316.7±57.3) g,云纹石斑鱼的体长与体质量的平均值分别为(16.8±1.3) cm、(123.2±30.2) g,云龙石斑鱼比云纹石斑鱼生长快,云龙石斑鱼的体长为云纹石斑鱼的1.3倍,体质量为云纹石斑鱼的2.6倍。云龙石斑鱼在45~245日龄阶段的生长曲线为W=0.039 2L~(2.891 2)(R~2=0.986 9),云纹石斑鱼生长曲线为W=0.025 5L~(3.021 6) (R~2=0.990 8),在本阶段云龙石斑鱼为异速生长型,云纹石斑鱼为等速生长型。经过12个月的对比养殖,云龙石斑鱼成活率为97.2%,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的成活率为93.2%~94.5%,云龙石斑鱼全长与体质量平均值分别为(35.3±4.1) cm、(700.0±247.2) g,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼全长与体质量平均值分别为(28.6±3.5) cm、(550.0±224.8) g,云龙石斑鱼体质量是珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的1.3倍,全长为1.2倍。研究表明,云纹石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)是一个比较理想的杂交组合,杂交后代云龙石斑鱼具有生长快、畸形率低、成活率高的杂交优势,为杂种优势的研究提供了基础材料,同时也为新品种云龙石斑鱼的推广提供了科学依据。
We analyzed the growth characteristics of the hybrids named Yunlong grouper, derived from Epinephelus moara and E. lanceolatus, and in this paper, we conducted the comparison of the growth characteristics among three groupers, including Yunlong grouper, E.moara and the Zhenzhulongdan grouper,which were cultivated in the factory condition. After establishing the family of two kinds of grouper, we were investigate the fertilization rate, normal development rate and malformation rate of Yunlong grouper, and measured the growth characteristics of Yunlong grouper and E. moara during 45-245 days. At the same time, we counted the growth index and survival rates of the Yunlong grouper and Zhenzhulongdan grouper during 2-13 month after hatching, and counted the survival rate in 13 months. We adopted One-Way ANOVA and Multiple Comparative Analysis to compared the growth characteristics, and fitted the growth model by Excel software. The results show that the average fertility rate, normal development rate, deformity rate of Yunlong grouper was55.5%±26.7%, 33.9%±23.6%, 8.3%±0.9%, respectively. Until 245 days old, the body weight and body length of Yunlong grouper was(316.7±57.3) g,(22.5±1.7) cm, respectively, About E. moara, measured length(16.8±1.3) cm, weight(123.2±30.2) g. Yunlong grouper grew faster than E. moara, the body weight of Yunlong grouper was as 2.6 times as E. moara's, and the body length was about 1.3 times. The growth curve of Yunlong grouper during 45-245 days old was W=0.039 2 L~(2.891 2)(R~2=0.986 9), which reveals that Yunlong grouper was at allometric growth state in this phase, E. moara's growth curve was W=0.025 5 L~(3.021 6)(R~2=0.990 8), which reveals that it was in lsogony growth pattern in this phase; after 12 months contrast cultivation between Yunlong grouper and Zhenzhulongdan grouper, the result reveals that the survival rate of Yunlong grouper was 97.2%, while Zhenzhulongdan grouper's was 93.2%-94%, and the body weight and total length of Yunlong grouper was(700.0±247.2) g,(35.3±4.1) cm, respectively. However, the Zhenzhulongdan grouper's was(28.6±3.5) cm,(550.0±224.8) g,Yunlong grouper's weight is 1.3 times the weight of Zhenzhulongdan grouper with 1.2 times total length. The result of this study reveals that E. moara(♀) ×E. lanceolatus(♂) is a ideal hybrid combination, and Yunlong grouper has the advantages of fast growth, low deformity rate, and high survival rate, providing the basis for the study of heterosis, and providing scientific basis for the promotion of Yunlong grouper.
引文
[1]Xu K,Duan W,Xiao J,et al.Development and application of biological technologies in fish genetic breeding[J].Science China Life Sciences,2015,58(2):187-201.
[2]朱华平,卢迈新,黄樟翰,等.鱼类遗传改良研究综述[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(1):168-181.Zhu H P,Lu M X,Huang Z H.Genetic improvement in fish:a review[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(1):168-181(in Chinese).
[3]孙小异.建鲤-我国养殖鱼类杂交选育的第一个品种[J].科学养鱼,1988(4):16-17.Sun X Y.Jian carp-the first breed of hybrid breeding of cultured fish in China[J].Scientific Fish Farming,1988(4):16-17(in Chinese).
[4]楼允东.鱼类育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.Lou Y D.Fish Breeding[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001(in Chinese).
[5]杨求华,黄种持,郑乐云,等.云纹石斑鱼(♀)×赤点石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代胚胎发育及生长[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(3):224-231.Yang Q H,Huang Z C,Zheng L Y,et al.Embryonic development and growth of hybrid from the hybridization of Eqinephelus moara(♀)×E.akaara(♂)[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(3):224-231(in Chinese).
[6]李炎璐,王清印,陈超,等.云纹石斑鱼(♀)×七带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子一代胚胎发育及仔稚幼鱼形态学观察[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):821-832.Li Y L,Wang Q Y,Chen C,et al.Embryonic and morphological development in larva,juvenile,and young stages of F1 by Epinephelus moara(♀)×E.septemfasciatus(♂)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(5):821-832(in Chinese).
[7]刘付永忠,赵会宏,刘晓春,等.赤点石斑鱼♂与斜带石斑鱼♀杂交的初步研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(3):72-75.Liufu Y Z,Zhao H H,Liu X C,et al.Preliminary study on the hybrid red-spotted grouper(Epinephelus akaara)♂×orange-spotted grouper(Epinephelus coioides)♀[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2007,46(3):72-75(in Chinese).
[8]Glamuzina B,Ko?ul V,Tutman P,et al.Hybridization of mediterranean groupers:Epinephelus marginatus♀×E.aeneus♂and early development[J].Aquaculture Research,1999,30(8):625-628.
[9]James C M,Al-Thobaiti S A,Rasem B M,et al.Potential of grouper hybrid(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×E.polyphekadion)for aquaculture[J].Naga,the ICLARM Quarterly,1999,22(1):19-23.
[10]陈超,孔祥迪,李炎璐,等.棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育的跟踪观察[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(5):135-144.Chen C,Kong X D,Li Y L,et al.Embryonic and morphological development in the larva,juvenile,and young stages of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(♀)×E.lanceolatus(♂)[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(5):135-144(in Chinese).
[11]田永胜,陈张帆,段会敏,等.鞍带石斑鱼冷冻精子与云纹石斑鱼杂交家系建立及遗传效应[J].水产学报,2017,41(12):1817-1828.Tian Y S,Chen Z F,Duan H M,et al.The family line establishment of the hybrid Epinephelus moara(♀)×E.lanceolatus(♂)by using cryopreserved sperm and the related genetic effect analysis[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(12):1817-1828(in Chinese).
[12]宋振鑫,陈超,翟介明,等.云纹石斑鱼生物学特性及人工繁育技术研究进展[J].渔业信息与战略,2012,27(1):47-53.Song Z X,Chen C,Zhai J M,et al.Biological characteristics and progress of artificial breeding technique for kelp bass,Epinephelus moara[J].Fishery Information&Strategy,2012,27(1):47-53(in Chinese).
[13]吴水清,郑乐云,黄种持,等.云纹石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代胚胎发育及仔稚幼鱼形态观察[J].渔业研究,2016,38(1):27-35.Wu S Q,Zheng L Y,Huang Z C,et al.Embryonic and morphological development in larva,juvenile,and young stages of hybrid grouper(Epinephelus moara♀×E.lanceolatus♂)[J].Journal of Fisheries Research,2016,38(1):27-35(in Chinese).
[14]张梦琪,陈超,李炎璐,等.盐度对云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinehelus lanceolatus♂)受精卵孵化的影响及杂交仔稚幼鱼形态发育观察[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(4):81-89.Zhang M Q,Chen C,Li Y L,et al.Effects of salinity on the hatching of the fertilized eggs of Epinephelus moara(♀)×Epinephelus lanceolatus(♂)and the observation of the morphological development of larvae,juvenile and young fish[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(4):81-89(in Chinese).
[15]邵彦翔,陈超,李炎璐,等.低温胁迫对云纹石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交后代血清生化指标的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(2):70-76.Shao Y X,Chen C,Li Y L,et al.Effects of low temperature stress on serum biochemical indices of the juvenile hybrid of Epinephelus moara♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(2):70-76(in Chinese).
[16]邢道超,宋协法,彭磊,等.温度与盐度对云龙石斑鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(3):7-14.Xing D C,Song X F,Peng L,et al.Effects of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of junevile Epinephelus groupers[J].Fishery Modernizatio,2017,44(3):7-14(in Chinese).
[17]Tian Y S,Jiang J,Wang N,et al.Sperm of the giant grouper:cryopreservation,physiological and morphological analysis and application in hybridizations with redspotted grouper[J].Journal of Reproduction and Development,2015,61(4):333-339.
[18]Ji X S,Chen S L,Tian Y S,et al.Cryopreservation of sea perch(Lateolabrax japonicus)spermatozoa and feasibility for production-scale fertilization[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1-4):517-528.
[19]Ban M,Nagoya H,Sato S,et al.Artificial and natural cross breeding between Atlantic salmon and salmonids currently present in Japan[J].Fisheries Science,2013,79(6):967-975.
[20]Ito D,Fujiwara A,Abe S.Hybrid inviability and chromosome abnormality in salmonid fish[J].Journal of Animal Genetics,2006,34(1):65-70.
[21]舒琥,魏秋兰,罗丽娟,等.广东沿海4种石斑鱼的染色体组型分析[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(8):124-127.Shu H,Wei Q L,Luo L J,et al.Karyotypes analysis of four grouper fishes from coastal waters of Guangdong[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2012,39(8):124-127 (in Chinese).
[22]郭丰,王军,苏永全,等.云纹石斑鱼染色体核型研究[J].海洋科学,2006,30(8):1-3.Guo F,Wang J,Su Y Q,et al.Study on the karpyotype of Epinephelus moara[J].Marine Sciences,2006,30(8):1-3(in Chinese).
[23]刘筠.中国养殖鱼类繁殖生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993:109-124.Liu J.Propagation Physiology of Main Cultivated Fish in China[M].Beijing:Agricultural Publishing House,1993:109-124(in Chinese).
[24]田永胜,陈松林,徐田军,等.牙鲆不同家系生长性能比较及优良亲本选择[J].水产学报,2009,33(6):901-911.Tian Y S,Chen S L,Xu T J,et al.The comparison of growth performances of Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)families and selection of parents with good trait[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2009,33(6):901-911(in Chinese).
[25]佟雪红,袁新华,董在杰,等.建鲤自交及与黄河鲤正反杂交子代的生长比较和通径分析[J].水产学报,2008,32(2):182-189.Tong X H,Yuan X H,Dong Z J,et al.Growth comparison and path analysis of selfing of Jian carp and reciprocal crosses hybrids between Jian carp and Huanghe carp[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2008,32(2):182-189(in Chinese).
[26]张豪,张沅,张勤.后裔测定青年公牛的标记辅助BLUP选择[J].科学通报,2002,47(20):1566-1571.Zhang H,Zhang Y,Zhang Q.Pre-selecting young bulls before progeny-testing with marker-assisted BLUP[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(20):1566-1571.
[27]马仲波,张兴忠,仇潜如,等.元江鲤与荷包红鲤的生态类型及其杂交后代(荷元鲤)经济性状的分析[J].水产学报,1981,5(3):187-198.Ma Z B,Zhang X Z,Qiu Q R,et al.The analysis of the economical characteristics of a hybrid from two ecological types of carps[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1981,5(3):187-198(in Chinese).
[28]李炎璐,陈超,王清印,等.云纹石斑鱼(E.moara)(♀)×七带石斑鱼(E.septemfasciatus)(♂)杂交F1生长特征与其亲本子代的比较[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(3):42-49.Li Y L,Chen C,Wang Q Y,et al.Comparative analysis of growth characteristics between hybrid F1 by Epinephelus moara(♀)×Epinephelus septemfasciatus(♂)and the offspring of their parents[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(3):42-49(in Chinese).
[29]王新成,尤锋,倪高田,等.石鲽与牙鲆人工杂交的研究[J].海洋科学,2003,27(1):1-4.Wang X C,You F,Ni G T,et al.Hybridization between stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus and olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Marine Sciences,2003,27(1):1-4(in Chinese).
[30]区又君,廖光勇,李加儿,等.七带石斑鱼仔稚鱼的形态发育和生长特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(4):549-556.Qu Y J,Liao G Y,Li J E,et al.Characteristics of morphological development and growth of Epinephelus septemfasciatus larvae and juvenile[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(4):549-556(in Chinese).
[31]黄伟卿,张艺,柯巧珍,等.大黄鱼选育子二代生长性状研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(3):14-19.Huang W Q,Zhang Y,Ke Q Z,et al.Growth traits research of the breeding group sub 2 generation of large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)[J].South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(3):14-19(in Chinese).
[32]李加儿,周宏团,许波涛,等.赤点石斑鱼生长特性的初步研究[J].海洋科学,1988,12(4):53-57.Li J E,Zhou H T,Xu B T,et al.A preliminary study on the growth of red grouper[J].Marine Sciences,1988,12(4):53-57(in Chinese).
[33]刘永新,刘奕,刘英杰,等.牙鲆体质量与形态性状的异速生长分析[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(1):36-42.Liu Y X,Liu Y,Liu Y J,et al.Allometric analysis of body weight and morphological traits for Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(1):36-42(in Chinese).
[34]詹金绵,王炳谦,谷伟,等.不同虹鳟品系异速生长的比较分析[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2015,33(1):59-66.Zhan J M,Wang B Q,Gu W,et al.Statistical comparison for different strains of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus Mykiss)in growth allometries[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2015,33(1):59-66(in Chinese).
[35]吴水清,李加儿,区又君,等.斜带石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代仔、稚鱼的异速生长[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(3):503-510.Wu S Q,Li J E,Qu Y J,et al.Allometric growth of hybrid grouper(Epinephelus coioides♀×E.lanceolatus♂)larvae and juveniles[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(3):503-510(in Chinese).
[36]Brandle J E,McVetty P B E.Geographical diversity,parental selection and heterosis in oilseed rape[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1990,70(4):935-940.
[37]周翰林,张勇,齐鑫,等.两种杂交石斑鱼子一代杂种优势的微卫星标记分析[J].水产学报,2012,36(2):161-169.Zhou H L,Zhang Y,Qi X,et al.SSR analysis of the heterosis in the two grouper hybrids[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(2):161-169(in Chinese).
[38]区又君,吴勇,李加儿,等.5种石斑鱼遗传差异的RAPD分析[J].南方水产科学,2008,4(2):56-62.Ou Y J,Wu Y,Li J E,et al.RAPD analysis of genetic difference among five species of grouper[J].South China Fisheries Science,2008,4(2):56-62(in Chinese).