基于计算流体力学的游泳动态数值模拟研究进展
|
摘要
通过分析游泳运动员与水的相互作用关系,探索游动过程中阻力与推进力的产生机理,进而提出技术动作的优化方案,实现降低阻力提高推进效率的目的,是当前提升竞技游泳性能最为有效的手段之一。随着计算机科学的快速发展,计算机数值模拟技术在研究游泳阻力与推力的产生机理方面展现出巨大的潜力。然而,由于游泳技术动作及人体结构的复杂性,开展游泳运动的动态仿真研究仍然是计算机数值模拟技术工程应用的一大挑战。研究旨在通过介绍近几十年来基于计算流体力学的游泳动态数值模拟研究进展,指出不同研究方法的特点和局限性,并探讨相关的发展趋势。
By analyzing the interaction between swimmers and water, exploring the mechanism of resistance and propulsive force during the swimming process and putting forward the optimized scheme of technical action to achieve the purpose of reducing the resistance and improving the ef?ciency of propulsion, which is the most effective way to enhance competitive swimming performance. With the rapid development of computer science, computer numerical simulation has shown great potential in the study of the mechanism of swimming resistance and thrust. However, due to the complexity of the swimming technique and the body structure, the dynamic simulation of the swimming exercise is still a challenge in the application of computer numerical simulation. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the progress in numerical simulation of swimming dynamics based on computational ?uid dynamics in recent decades, point out the characteristics and limitations of different research methods, and discusses the related development trends.
By analyzing the interaction between swimmers and water, exploring the mechanism of resistance and propulsive force during the swimming process and putting forward the optimized scheme of technical action to achieve the purpose of reducing the resistance and improving the ef?ciency of propulsion, which is the most effective way to enhance competitive swimming performance. With the rapid development of computer science, computer numerical simulation has shown great potential in the study of the mechanism of swimming resistance and thrust. However, due to the complexity of the swimming technique and the body structure, the dynamic simulation of the swimming exercise is still a challenge in the application of computer numerical simulation. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the progress in numerical simulation of swimming dynamics based on computational ?uid dynamics in recent decades, point out the characteristics and limitations of different research methods, and discusses the related development trends.
引文
陈晓明,赵成璧,林慰,2009.浸入边界法的发展现状及其应用[J].广东造船,(1):44-47.
狄建,2002.对游泳推进力基础理论的分析归纳与认知[J].体育科学,22(1):77-80.
狄升斌,2015.基于浸入边界法的复杂流动多尺度模拟[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(过程工程研究所).
傅慧萍,马宁,2009.自由面及伴流计算对网格的要求[J].上海交通大学学报,43(10):1573-1576.
宫兆新,鲁传敬,黄华雄,2007.浸入边界法及其应用[J].力学季刊,28(3):353-362.
韩江,2016.光滑粒子流体动力学方法及其在气动声学中的应用[D].天津:天津大学.
金阿芳,买买提明·艾尼,2006.论光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),23(2):188-193.
康宏琳,袁武,高瑞泽,等,2006.两种手形对游泳推进效率影响的数值模拟[J].北京航空航天大学学报,32(4):481-483,498.
李宁宇,2017.基于浸入边界法的仿胸鳍推进机理与性能分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学.
李鹏,高振勋,蒋崇文,2014.重叠网格方法的研究进展[J].力学与实践,36(5):551-565.
李天赠,2017.基于刚体运动的游泳运动三维数值模拟研究[C]//中国力学大会-2017暨庆祝中国力学学会成立60周年大会论文集(B).北京:中国力学学会:9.
刘谋斌,宗智,常建忠,2011.光滑粒子动力学方法的发展与应用[J].力学进展,41(2):217-234.
刘谋斌,2017.光滑粒子动力学(SPH)方法与应用研究进展[C]//中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第九次全国会员代表大会暨第16届学术年会论文集.西安:中国矿物岩石地球化学学会:1.
吕洲翔,2005.游泳运动中鲨鱼装应用之利弊探悉[J].浙江体育科学,27(3):42-45.
买买提明·艾尼,热合买提江·依明,2014.现代数值模拟方法与工程实际应用[J].工程力学,31(4):11-18.
明罡,红军,2004.运用流体力学原理提高自由泳手臂划水中后期的推水效率探讨[J].游泳,(5):22-25.
缪吉伦,陈景秋,张永祥,2011.SPH方法在自由表面流体研究中的应用[J].水利水电科技进展,31(3):20-23.
邱亚丽,2016.浸入边界法的算法研究及应用[D].南京:南京航空航天大学.
沈志伟,赵宁,胡偶,2014.可压缩粘性流动笛卡尔网格虚拟单元方法研究[J].空气动力学学报,32(6):748-754.
孙春艳,武金萍,2003.我国游泳运动科研现状分析[J].安徽体育科技,24(3):10-12.
王甯,劉有德,2007.從動作協調探討提升游泳速度之要素[J].中華體育季刊,21(3):135-142.
王新峰,2004.游泳运动中的阻力研究及推进力的最优化分析[D].北京:清华大学.
王新峰,王连泽,阎卫星,2005.游泳运动中静态阻力的数值模拟[J].北京体育大学学报,28(2):206-207,210.
王永鹏,2009.光滑粒子流体动力学算法研究及其在流体力学中的数值模拟应用[D].天津:天津大学.
谢亮,徐敏,张斌,等,2013.基于径向基函数的高效网格变形算法研究[J].振动与冲击,32(10):141-145.
许琦,2002.对游泳中阻力与推进力问题的研究综述[J].体育科学,22(2):73-77.
杨刚,2010.光滑粒子法的改进及其若干典型应用[D].长沙:湖南大学.
杨楠楠,姜亚明,2008.弹性针织物游泳衣发展的研究[J].纺织导报,12:110.
袁武,康宏琳,高瑞泽,等,2006.两种手姿态在不同攻角下划水的数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),21(3):369-373.
张俊龙,向军,2018.我国竞技游泳运动训练理论的发展[J].体育科技文献通报,26(1):56-57.
张来平,邓小刚,张涵信,2010.动网格生成技术及非定常计算方法进展综述[J].力学进展,40(4):424-447.
张伟伟,高传强,叶正寅,2014.气动弹性计算中网格变形方法研究进展[J].航空学报,35(2):303-319.
张晓侠,马吉光,2013.CFD仿真技术在游泳运动力学问题研究中的应用[J].体育科学,33(7):70-75.
郑伟涛,韩久瑞,石波,等,2002.蹼泳训练强度的功率评价法[J].武汉体育学院学报,36(1):132-135.
郑兴,段文洋,2008.光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)及其算法特性[J].船舶力学,12(4):550-559.
周妙蓉,2015.运动装备技术创新的伦理风险与规避[J].沈阳体育学院学报,34(4):53-57,62.
ALVES F,MARINHO D,LEAL L,et al.,2007.3-D computational fluid dynamics of the hand and forearm in swimming:547:May 30 10:00 AM-10:15 AM[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(5):S9.
ANDERSEN J,SANDERS R,2018.A systematic review of propulsion from the flutter kick-What can we learn from the dolphin kick?[J].J sports sci,1-8.
ARELLANO R,PARDILLO S,GAVILáN A,2002.Underwater undulatory swimming:Kinematic characteristics,vortex generation and application during the start,turn and swimming strokes[C]//Proceedings of the XXth International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports.Universidad de Granada:(3):29.
BEAUMONT F,TA?AR R,POLIDORI G,2017.Preliminary numerical investigation in open currents-water swimming:Pressure field in the swimmer wake[J].Appl Math Comput,302:48-57.
BILINAUSKAITE M,MANTHA V,ROUBOA A,et al.,2013.Computational fluid dynamics study of swimmer’s hand velocity,orientation,and shape:contributions to hydrodynamics[J].BioMed Res Int,2013:1-14.
BIXLER B,RIEWALD S,2002.Analysis of a swimmer’s hand and arm in steady flow conditions using computational fluid dynamics[J].J Biome,35(5):713-717.
BIXLER B,PEASE D,FAIRHURST F,2007.The accuracy of computational fluid dynamics analysis of the passive drag of a male swimmer[J].Sports Biome,6(1):81-98.
CAPPAERT J,PEASE D,TROUP J,1995.Three-dimensional analysis of the men’s 100-m freestyle during the 1992 Olympic Games[J].JAppl Biome,11(1):103-112.
CLARYS J,1979.Human morphology and hydrodynamics[M]//Swimming III,8:3-41.
CLEARY P,COHEN R,HARRISON S,et al.,2013.Prediction of industrial,biophysical and extreme geophysical flows using particle methods[J].Eng Comput,30(2):157-196.
COHEN R,CLEARY P,MASON B,2009.Simulations of human swimming using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics[C]//7th International conference on CFD in the minerals and process industries,Australia:Melbourne.
COHEN R,CLEARY P,MASON B,2012.Simulations of dolphin kick swimming using smoothed particle hydrodynamics[J].Hum Movement Sci,31(3):604-619.
COHEN R,CLEARY P,MASON B,et al.,2015.The role of the hand during freestyle swimming[J].J BiomeEng,137(11):111007.
DI PRAMPERO P,PENDERGAST D,WILSON D,et al.,1974.Energetics of swimming in man[J].J BiomechEng,37(1):1-5.
FERZIGER J,PERIC M,2012.Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics[M].Springer Science Business Media.
GINGOLD R,MONAGHAN J,1977.Smoothed particle hydrodyna-mics:theory and application to non-spherical stars[J].MonNote R Astron Soc,181(3):375-389.
HANNON J,2011.Image based computational fluid dynamics modeling to simulate fluid flow around a moving fish[D].University of Iowa.
HARLOW F,2004.Fluid dynamics in group T-3 Los Alamos national laboratory:(LA-UR-03-3852)[J].J ComputPhy,195(2):414-433.
HOCHSTEIN S,BLICKHAN R,2011.Vortex re-capturing and kinematics in human underwater undulatory swimming[J].Hum Movement Sci,30(5):998-1007.
HOCHSTEIN S,PACHOLAK S,BRüCKER C,et al.,2012.Experimental and numerical investigation of the unsteady flow around a human underwater undulating swimmer[M]//Nature-inspired Fluid Mechanics.Springer,Berlin,Heidelberg:293-308.
HOCHSTEIN S,PACHOLAK S,BRüCKER C,et al.,2014.Drag reduction by underwater undulatory swimming?An experimental and numerical approach[C]//Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming:141-147.
KARAMCHETI K,1980.Principles of Ideal-Fluid Aerodynamics[M].Krieger Publishing Company.
KAWAI M,1997.Precision Engineering for Sports[J].J Jpn Soc Prec Eng,63:455-459.
KEYS M,LYTTLE A,BLANKSBY B,et al.,2010.A full body computational fluid dynamic analysis of the freestyle stroke of a previous sprint freestyle world record holder[C]//XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming,Oslo,Norway:16-19.
KOLMOGOROV S,DUPLISHCHEVA O,1992.Active drag,useful mechanical power output and hydrodynamic force coefficient in different swimming strokes at maximal velocity[J].J Biome,25(3):311-318.
KUDO S,2007.The error of a quasi-static approach in predicting fluid forces on the hand in unsteady conditions[J].Jpn J Sci Swimming Water Exercise,10(1):1-11.
LECRIVAIN G,SLAOUTI A,PAYTON C,et al.,2008..Using reverse engineering and computational fluid dynamics to investigate a lower arm amputee swimmer’s performance[J].J Biome,41(13):2855-2859.
LI T,ZHAN J,2015.Hydrodynamic body shape analysis and their impact on swimming performance[J].Acta Bioeng Biomech,17(4):3-11.
LI T,WAI ONYX W,GONG Y,et al.,2017a.Numerical and experimental investigation of a six DOF scaled model of a swimmer posed in streamlined posture[J].Compu Fluids,149:1-11.
LI T,CAI W,ZHAN J,2017b.Numerical investigation of swimmer’s gliding stage with 6-DOF movement[J].PloS One,12(1):e0170894.
LIU G,LIU M,2003.Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics:A Meshfree Particle Method[M].World Scientific.
LUCY L,1977.A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis[J].Astron J,82:1013-1024.
LYTTLE A,KEYS M,2006.The application of computational fluid dynamics for technique prescription in underwater kicking[J].Portuguese J Sport Sci,6(2):233-235.
LYTTLE A,KEYS M,2008.The use of computational fluids dynamics to optimise underwater kicking performance[C]//ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive,1(1):438-411.
MACHTSIRAS G,2013.Utilizing flow characteristics to increase performance in swimming[D].University of Edinburgh.
MAHAJAN S,WADKAR S,2016.Motion study of a swimmer’s hand and forearm in freestyle swimming[J].Int J Curr Eng Technol,4:120-121.
MARINHO D,BARBOSA T,KJENDLIE L,et al.,2009.Swimming simulation:a new tool for swimming research and practical applications[M]//Computational Fluiddynamics for Sport Simulation.Springer Berlin Heidelberg:33-61.
MARINHO D,BARBOSA T,ROUBOA A,et al.,2011.The hydrodynamic study of the swimming gliding:a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)analysis[J].J Hum Kinet,29:49-57.
MARINHO D,MANTHA V,VILAS-BOAS J,et al.,2012.Effect of wearing a swimsuit on hydrodynamic drag of swimmer[J].Braz Arch Biol and Tech,55(6):851-856.
MATSUUCHI K,MIWA T,NOMURA T,et al.,2009.Unsteady flow field around a human hand and propulsive force in swimming[J].JBiomech,42(1):42-47.
MITTAL R,IACCARINO G,2005.Immersed boundary methods[J].Annu Rev Fluid Mech,37:239-261.
MITTAL R,DONG H,BOZKURTTAS M,et al.,2006.Analysis of flying and swimming in nature using an immersed boundary method[C]//36th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit:1-8.
NAKASHIMA M,2006.“SWUM”and“SWUMSUIT”-A modeling technique of a self-propelled swimmer[J].Biomech Med Swimming X:66-68.
NAKASHIMA M,2007.Mechanical study of standard six beat front crawl swimming by using swimming human simulation model[J].JFluid Sci Technol,2(1):290-301.
NAKASHIMA M,2009.Simulation analysis of the effect of trunk undulation on swimming performance in underwater dolphin kick of human[J].J Biomech Sci Eng,4(1):94-104.
NAKASHIMA M,SUZUKI S,NAKAJIMA K,2010a.Development of a simulation model for monofin swimming[J].J Biomech Sci Eng,5(4):408-420.
NAKASHIMA M,2010b.Modeling and simulation of human swimming[J].J Aero Aqua Bio-mechanisms,1(1):11-17.
NAKASHIMA M,TAKAHASHI A,2012a.Clarification of unsteady fluid forces acting on limbs in swimming using an underwater robot arm[J].J Fluid Sci Technol,7(1):114-128.
NAKASHIMA M,MAEDA S,MIWA T,et al.,2012b.Optimizing simulation of the arm stroke in crawl swimming considering muscle strength characteristics of athlete swimmers[J].J Biomech Sci Eng,7(2):102-117.
NAKASHIMA M,HASEGAWA T,KAMIYA S,et al.,2013.Musculoskeletal simulation of the breaststroke[J].J Biomech Sci Eng,8(2):152-163.
PACHOLAK S,HOCHSTEIN S,RUDERT A,et al.,2014.Unsteady flow phenomena in human undulatory swimming:a numerical approach[J].Sports Biomech,13(2):176-194.
PAI Y,HAY J,1988.A hydrodynamic study of the oscillation motion in swimming[J].Int J Sport Biomech,4(1):21-37.
PESKIN C,1972.Flow patterns around heart valves:a numerical method[J].J Comput Physics,10(2):252-271.
POPA C,ZAIDI H,ARFAOUI A,et al.,2011.Analysis of wall shear stress around a competitive swimmer using 3D Navier-Stokes equations in CFD[J].Acta Bioeng Biomech,13(1):3-11.
ROUBOA A,SILVA A,LEAL L,et al.,2006.The effect of swimmer’s hand/forearm acceleration on propulsive forces generation using computational fluid dynamics[J].J Biomechs,39(7):1239-1248.
SAMSON M,BERNARD A,MONNET T,et al.,2017.Unsteady computational fluid dynamics in front crawl swimming[J].Comput Method Biomech BiomedEng,20(7):783-793.
SATO Y,HINO T,2003.Estimation of thrust of swimmer’s hand using CFD[C]//Proceedings of second international symposium on aqua bio-mechanisms:81-86.
SATO Y,HINO T,2010.CFD simulation of flows around a swimmer in a prone glide position[J].Jpn J Sci Swimming Water Exercise,13(1):1-9.
SATO Y,HINO T,2013.A computational fluid dynamics analysis of hydrodynamic force acting on a swimmer’s hand in a swimming competition[J].J Sports Sci Med,12(4):679.
SCHLEIHAUF R,1983.Three-Dimensional Analysis of Hand Propulsion in the Sprint Front Crawl Stroke,Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming[M].Human Kinetics Publishers:Champaign:173-184.
SIDELNIK N,YOUNG B,2006.Optimising the freestyle swimming stroke:the effect of finger spread[J].Sports Eng,9(3):129-135.
SILVA A J,ROUBOA A,MOREIRA A,et al.,2008.Analysis of drafting effects in swimming using computational fluid dynamics[J].JSports Sci Med,7(1):60.
SWEGLE J,HICKS D,ATTAWAY S,1995.Smoothed particle hydrodynamics stability analysis[J].J Comput Phy,116(1):123-134.
TAKAGI H,SANDERS R,2002.Measurement of propulsion by the hand during competitive swimming[J].Eng Sport,4:631-637.
TAKAGI H,MURASE Y,NAKASHIMA M,et al.,2014.A review of experimental and numerical investigations about the unsteady flow in human swimming motions[J].Bulletin Faculty Health Sport Sci,37:31-39.
TAKAGI H,NAKASHIMA M,SATO Y,et al.,2016.Numerical and experimental investigations of human swimming motions[J].JSports Sci,34(16):1564-1580.
TOUSSAINT H,DE GROOT G,SAVELBERG H,et al.,1988.Active drag related to velocity in male and female swimmers[J].J Biomech,21(5):435-438.
TOUSSAINT H,VAN DEN BERG C,BEEK J,2002.“Pumped-up propulsion”during front crawl swimming[J].Med Sci Sports Exercise,34(2):314-319.
VAN HOUWELINGEN J,SCHREVEN S,SMEETS J,et al.,2017a.Effective propulsion in swimming:grasping the hydrodynamics of hand and arm movements[J].J Appl Biomech,33(1):87-100.
VAN HOUWELINGEN J,WILLEMSEN D,KUNNEN R,et al.,2017b.The effect of finger spreading on drag of the hand in human swimming[J].J Biomech,63:67-73.
VENNELL R,PEASE D,WILSON B,2006.Wave drag on human swimmers[J].J Biomech,39(4):664-671.
VON LOEBBECKE A,MITTAL R,MARK R,et al.,2009a.A computational method for analysis of underwater dolphin kick hydrodynamics in human swimming[J].Sports Biomech,8(1):60-77.
VON LOEBBECKE A,MITTAL R,FISH F,et al.,2009b.A comparison of the kinematics of the dolphin kick in humans and cetaceans[J].Hum Movement Sci,28(1):99-112.
ZAIDI H,FOHANNO S,TAIAR R,et al.,2010.Turbulence model choice for the calculation of drag forces when using the CFD method[J].J Biomech,43(3):405-411.
ZHAN J,LI T,CHEN X,et al.,2015.3D numerical simulation analysis of passive drag near free surface in swimming[J].China Ocean Eng,29(2):265-273.
ZHAN J,LI T,CHEN X,et al.,2017.Hydrodynamic analysis of human swimming based on VOF method[J].Comput Method Biomech Biomed Eng,20(6):645-652.
狄建,2002.对游泳推进力基础理论的分析归纳与认知[J].体育科学,22(1):77-80.
狄升斌,2015.基于浸入边界法的复杂流动多尺度模拟[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(过程工程研究所).
傅慧萍,马宁,2009.自由面及伴流计算对网格的要求[J].上海交通大学学报,43(10):1573-1576.
宫兆新,鲁传敬,黄华雄,2007.浸入边界法及其应用[J].力学季刊,28(3):353-362.
韩江,2016.光滑粒子流体动力学方法及其在气动声学中的应用[D].天津:天津大学.
金阿芳,买买提明·艾尼,2006.论光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),23(2):188-193.
康宏琳,袁武,高瑞泽,等,2006.两种手形对游泳推进效率影响的数值模拟[J].北京航空航天大学学报,32(4):481-483,498.
李宁宇,2017.基于浸入边界法的仿胸鳍推进机理与性能分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学.
李鹏,高振勋,蒋崇文,2014.重叠网格方法的研究进展[J].力学与实践,36(5):551-565.
李天赠,2017.基于刚体运动的游泳运动三维数值模拟研究[C]//中国力学大会-2017暨庆祝中国力学学会成立60周年大会论文集(B).北京:中国力学学会:9.
刘谋斌,宗智,常建忠,2011.光滑粒子动力学方法的发展与应用[J].力学进展,41(2):217-234.
刘谋斌,2017.光滑粒子动力学(SPH)方法与应用研究进展[C]//中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第九次全国会员代表大会暨第16届学术年会论文集.西安:中国矿物岩石地球化学学会:1.
吕洲翔,2005.游泳运动中鲨鱼装应用之利弊探悉[J].浙江体育科学,27(3):42-45.
买买提明·艾尼,热合买提江·依明,2014.现代数值模拟方法与工程实际应用[J].工程力学,31(4):11-18.
明罡,红军,2004.运用流体力学原理提高自由泳手臂划水中后期的推水效率探讨[J].游泳,(5):22-25.
缪吉伦,陈景秋,张永祥,2011.SPH方法在自由表面流体研究中的应用[J].水利水电科技进展,31(3):20-23.
邱亚丽,2016.浸入边界法的算法研究及应用[D].南京:南京航空航天大学.
沈志伟,赵宁,胡偶,2014.可压缩粘性流动笛卡尔网格虚拟单元方法研究[J].空气动力学学报,32(6):748-754.
孙春艳,武金萍,2003.我国游泳运动科研现状分析[J].安徽体育科技,24(3):10-12.
王甯,劉有德,2007.從動作協調探討提升游泳速度之要素[J].中華體育季刊,21(3):135-142.
王新峰,2004.游泳运动中的阻力研究及推进力的最优化分析[D].北京:清华大学.
王新峰,王连泽,阎卫星,2005.游泳运动中静态阻力的数值模拟[J].北京体育大学学报,28(2):206-207,210.
王永鹏,2009.光滑粒子流体动力学算法研究及其在流体力学中的数值模拟应用[D].天津:天津大学.
谢亮,徐敏,张斌,等,2013.基于径向基函数的高效网格变形算法研究[J].振动与冲击,32(10):141-145.
许琦,2002.对游泳中阻力与推进力问题的研究综述[J].体育科学,22(2):73-77.
杨刚,2010.光滑粒子法的改进及其若干典型应用[D].长沙:湖南大学.
杨楠楠,姜亚明,2008.弹性针织物游泳衣发展的研究[J].纺织导报,12:110.
袁武,康宏琳,高瑞泽,等,2006.两种手姿态在不同攻角下划水的数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),21(3):369-373.
张俊龙,向军,2018.我国竞技游泳运动训练理论的发展[J].体育科技文献通报,26(1):56-57.
张来平,邓小刚,张涵信,2010.动网格生成技术及非定常计算方法进展综述[J].力学进展,40(4):424-447.
张伟伟,高传强,叶正寅,2014.气动弹性计算中网格变形方法研究进展[J].航空学报,35(2):303-319.
张晓侠,马吉光,2013.CFD仿真技术在游泳运动力学问题研究中的应用[J].体育科学,33(7):70-75.
郑伟涛,韩久瑞,石波,等,2002.蹼泳训练强度的功率评价法[J].武汉体育学院学报,36(1):132-135.
郑兴,段文洋,2008.光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)及其算法特性[J].船舶力学,12(4):550-559.
周妙蓉,2015.运动装备技术创新的伦理风险与规避[J].沈阳体育学院学报,34(4):53-57,62.
ALVES F,MARINHO D,LEAL L,et al.,2007.3-D computational fluid dynamics of the hand and forearm in swimming:547:May 30 10:00 AM-10:15 AM[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(5):S9.
ANDERSEN J,SANDERS R,2018.A systematic review of propulsion from the flutter kick-What can we learn from the dolphin kick?[J].J sports sci,1-8.
ARELLANO R,PARDILLO S,GAVILáN A,2002.Underwater undulatory swimming:Kinematic characteristics,vortex generation and application during the start,turn and swimming strokes[C]//Proceedings of the XXth International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports.Universidad de Granada:(3):29.
BEAUMONT F,TA?AR R,POLIDORI G,2017.Preliminary numerical investigation in open currents-water swimming:Pressure field in the swimmer wake[J].Appl Math Comput,302:48-57.
BILINAUSKAITE M,MANTHA V,ROUBOA A,et al.,2013.Computational fluid dynamics study of swimmer’s hand velocity,orientation,and shape:contributions to hydrodynamics[J].BioMed Res Int,2013:1-14.
BIXLER B,RIEWALD S,2002.Analysis of a swimmer’s hand and arm in steady flow conditions using computational fluid dynamics[J].J Biome,35(5):713-717.
BIXLER B,PEASE D,FAIRHURST F,2007.The accuracy of computational fluid dynamics analysis of the passive drag of a male swimmer[J].Sports Biome,6(1):81-98.
CAPPAERT J,PEASE D,TROUP J,1995.Three-dimensional analysis of the men’s 100-m freestyle during the 1992 Olympic Games[J].JAppl Biome,11(1):103-112.
CLARYS J,1979.Human morphology and hydrodynamics[M]//Swimming III,8:3-41.
CLEARY P,COHEN R,HARRISON S,et al.,2013.Prediction of industrial,biophysical and extreme geophysical flows using particle methods[J].Eng Comput,30(2):157-196.
COHEN R,CLEARY P,MASON B,2009.Simulations of human swimming using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics[C]//7th International conference on CFD in the minerals and process industries,Australia:Melbourne.
COHEN R,CLEARY P,MASON B,2012.Simulations of dolphin kick swimming using smoothed particle hydrodynamics[J].Hum Movement Sci,31(3):604-619.
COHEN R,CLEARY P,MASON B,et al.,2015.The role of the hand during freestyle swimming[J].J BiomeEng,137(11):111007.
DI PRAMPERO P,PENDERGAST D,WILSON D,et al.,1974.Energetics of swimming in man[J].J BiomechEng,37(1):1-5.
FERZIGER J,PERIC M,2012.Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics[M].Springer Science Business Media.
GINGOLD R,MONAGHAN J,1977.Smoothed particle hydrodyna-mics:theory and application to non-spherical stars[J].MonNote R Astron Soc,181(3):375-389.
HANNON J,2011.Image based computational fluid dynamics modeling to simulate fluid flow around a moving fish[D].University of Iowa.
HARLOW F,2004.Fluid dynamics in group T-3 Los Alamos national laboratory:(LA-UR-03-3852)[J].J ComputPhy,195(2):414-433.
HOCHSTEIN S,BLICKHAN R,2011.Vortex re-capturing and kinematics in human underwater undulatory swimming[J].Hum Movement Sci,30(5):998-1007.
HOCHSTEIN S,PACHOLAK S,BRüCKER C,et al.,2012.Experimental and numerical investigation of the unsteady flow around a human underwater undulating swimmer[M]//Nature-inspired Fluid Mechanics.Springer,Berlin,Heidelberg:293-308.
HOCHSTEIN S,PACHOLAK S,BRüCKER C,et al.,2014.Drag reduction by underwater undulatory swimming?An experimental and numerical approach[C]//Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming:141-147.
KARAMCHETI K,1980.Principles of Ideal-Fluid Aerodynamics[M].Krieger Publishing Company.
KAWAI M,1997.Precision Engineering for Sports[J].J Jpn Soc Prec Eng,63:455-459.
KEYS M,LYTTLE A,BLANKSBY B,et al.,2010.A full body computational fluid dynamic analysis of the freestyle stroke of a previous sprint freestyle world record holder[C]//XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming,Oslo,Norway:16-19.
KOLMOGOROV S,DUPLISHCHEVA O,1992.Active drag,useful mechanical power output and hydrodynamic force coefficient in different swimming strokes at maximal velocity[J].J Biome,25(3):311-318.
KUDO S,2007.The error of a quasi-static approach in predicting fluid forces on the hand in unsteady conditions[J].Jpn J Sci Swimming Water Exercise,10(1):1-11.
LECRIVAIN G,SLAOUTI A,PAYTON C,et al.,2008..Using reverse engineering and computational fluid dynamics to investigate a lower arm amputee swimmer’s performance[J].J Biome,41(13):2855-2859.
LI T,ZHAN J,2015.Hydrodynamic body shape analysis and their impact on swimming performance[J].Acta Bioeng Biomech,17(4):3-11.
LI T,WAI ONYX W,GONG Y,et al.,2017a.Numerical and experimental investigation of a six DOF scaled model of a swimmer posed in streamlined posture[J].Compu Fluids,149:1-11.
LI T,CAI W,ZHAN J,2017b.Numerical investigation of swimmer’s gliding stage with 6-DOF movement[J].PloS One,12(1):e0170894.
LIU G,LIU M,2003.Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics:A Meshfree Particle Method[M].World Scientific.
LUCY L,1977.A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis[J].Astron J,82:1013-1024.
LYTTLE A,KEYS M,2006.The application of computational fluid dynamics for technique prescription in underwater kicking[J].Portuguese J Sport Sci,6(2):233-235.
LYTTLE A,KEYS M,2008.The use of computational fluids dynamics to optimise underwater kicking performance[C]//ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive,1(1):438-411.
MACHTSIRAS G,2013.Utilizing flow characteristics to increase performance in swimming[D].University of Edinburgh.
MAHAJAN S,WADKAR S,2016.Motion study of a swimmer’s hand and forearm in freestyle swimming[J].Int J Curr Eng Technol,4:120-121.
MARINHO D,BARBOSA T,KJENDLIE L,et al.,2009.Swimming simulation:a new tool for swimming research and practical applications[M]//Computational Fluiddynamics for Sport Simulation.Springer Berlin Heidelberg:33-61.
MARINHO D,BARBOSA T,ROUBOA A,et al.,2011.The hydrodynamic study of the swimming gliding:a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)analysis[J].J Hum Kinet,29:49-57.
MARINHO D,MANTHA V,VILAS-BOAS J,et al.,2012.Effect of wearing a swimsuit on hydrodynamic drag of swimmer[J].Braz Arch Biol and Tech,55(6):851-856.
MATSUUCHI K,MIWA T,NOMURA T,et al.,2009.Unsteady flow field around a human hand and propulsive force in swimming[J].JBiomech,42(1):42-47.
MITTAL R,IACCARINO G,2005.Immersed boundary methods[J].Annu Rev Fluid Mech,37:239-261.
MITTAL R,DONG H,BOZKURTTAS M,et al.,2006.Analysis of flying and swimming in nature using an immersed boundary method[C]//36th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit:1-8.
NAKASHIMA M,2006.“SWUM”and“SWUMSUIT”-A modeling technique of a self-propelled swimmer[J].Biomech Med Swimming X:66-68.
NAKASHIMA M,2007.Mechanical study of standard six beat front crawl swimming by using swimming human simulation model[J].JFluid Sci Technol,2(1):290-301.
NAKASHIMA M,2009.Simulation analysis of the effect of trunk undulation on swimming performance in underwater dolphin kick of human[J].J Biomech Sci Eng,4(1):94-104.
NAKASHIMA M,SUZUKI S,NAKAJIMA K,2010a.Development of a simulation model for monofin swimming[J].J Biomech Sci Eng,5(4):408-420.
NAKASHIMA M,2010b.Modeling and simulation of human swimming[J].J Aero Aqua Bio-mechanisms,1(1):11-17.
NAKASHIMA M,TAKAHASHI A,2012a.Clarification of unsteady fluid forces acting on limbs in swimming using an underwater robot arm[J].J Fluid Sci Technol,7(1):114-128.
NAKASHIMA M,MAEDA S,MIWA T,et al.,2012b.Optimizing simulation of the arm stroke in crawl swimming considering muscle strength characteristics of athlete swimmers[J].J Biomech Sci Eng,7(2):102-117.
NAKASHIMA M,HASEGAWA T,KAMIYA S,et al.,2013.Musculoskeletal simulation of the breaststroke[J].J Biomech Sci Eng,8(2):152-163.
PACHOLAK S,HOCHSTEIN S,RUDERT A,et al.,2014.Unsteady flow phenomena in human undulatory swimming:a numerical approach[J].Sports Biomech,13(2):176-194.
PAI Y,HAY J,1988.A hydrodynamic study of the oscillation motion in swimming[J].Int J Sport Biomech,4(1):21-37.
PESKIN C,1972.Flow patterns around heart valves:a numerical method[J].J Comput Physics,10(2):252-271.
POPA C,ZAIDI H,ARFAOUI A,et al.,2011.Analysis of wall shear stress around a competitive swimmer using 3D Navier-Stokes equations in CFD[J].Acta Bioeng Biomech,13(1):3-11.
ROUBOA A,SILVA A,LEAL L,et al.,2006.The effect of swimmer’s hand/forearm acceleration on propulsive forces generation using computational fluid dynamics[J].J Biomechs,39(7):1239-1248.
SAMSON M,BERNARD A,MONNET T,et al.,2017.Unsteady computational fluid dynamics in front crawl swimming[J].Comput Method Biomech BiomedEng,20(7):783-793.
SATO Y,HINO T,2003.Estimation of thrust of swimmer’s hand using CFD[C]//Proceedings of second international symposium on aqua bio-mechanisms:81-86.
SATO Y,HINO T,2010.CFD simulation of flows around a swimmer in a prone glide position[J].Jpn J Sci Swimming Water Exercise,13(1):1-9.
SATO Y,HINO T,2013.A computational fluid dynamics analysis of hydrodynamic force acting on a swimmer’s hand in a swimming competition[J].J Sports Sci Med,12(4):679.
SCHLEIHAUF R,1983.Three-Dimensional Analysis of Hand Propulsion in the Sprint Front Crawl Stroke,Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming[M].Human Kinetics Publishers:Champaign:173-184.
SIDELNIK N,YOUNG B,2006.Optimising the freestyle swimming stroke:the effect of finger spread[J].Sports Eng,9(3):129-135.
SILVA A J,ROUBOA A,MOREIRA A,et al.,2008.Analysis of drafting effects in swimming using computational fluid dynamics[J].JSports Sci Med,7(1):60.
SWEGLE J,HICKS D,ATTAWAY S,1995.Smoothed particle hydrodynamics stability analysis[J].J Comput Phy,116(1):123-134.
TAKAGI H,SANDERS R,2002.Measurement of propulsion by the hand during competitive swimming[J].Eng Sport,4:631-637.
TAKAGI H,MURASE Y,NAKASHIMA M,et al.,2014.A review of experimental and numerical investigations about the unsteady flow in human swimming motions[J].Bulletin Faculty Health Sport Sci,37:31-39.
TAKAGI H,NAKASHIMA M,SATO Y,et al.,2016.Numerical and experimental investigations of human swimming motions[J].JSports Sci,34(16):1564-1580.
TOUSSAINT H,DE GROOT G,SAVELBERG H,et al.,1988.Active drag related to velocity in male and female swimmers[J].J Biomech,21(5):435-438.
TOUSSAINT H,VAN DEN BERG C,BEEK J,2002.“Pumped-up propulsion”during front crawl swimming[J].Med Sci Sports Exercise,34(2):314-319.
VAN HOUWELINGEN J,SCHREVEN S,SMEETS J,et al.,2017a.Effective propulsion in swimming:grasping the hydrodynamics of hand and arm movements[J].J Appl Biomech,33(1):87-100.
VAN HOUWELINGEN J,WILLEMSEN D,KUNNEN R,et al.,2017b.The effect of finger spreading on drag of the hand in human swimming[J].J Biomech,63:67-73.
VENNELL R,PEASE D,WILSON B,2006.Wave drag on human swimmers[J].J Biomech,39(4):664-671.
VON LOEBBECKE A,MITTAL R,MARK R,et al.,2009a.A computational method for analysis of underwater dolphin kick hydrodynamics in human swimming[J].Sports Biomech,8(1):60-77.
VON LOEBBECKE A,MITTAL R,FISH F,et al.,2009b.A comparison of the kinematics of the dolphin kick in humans and cetaceans[J].Hum Movement Sci,28(1):99-112.
ZAIDI H,FOHANNO S,TAIAR R,et al.,2010.Turbulence model choice for the calculation of drag forces when using the CFD method[J].J Biomech,43(3):405-411.
ZHAN J,LI T,CHEN X,et al.,2015.3D numerical simulation analysis of passive drag near free surface in swimming[J].China Ocean Eng,29(2):265-273.
ZHAN J,LI T,CHEN X,et al.,2017.Hydrodynamic analysis of human swimming based on VOF method[J].Comput Method Biomech Biomed Eng,20(6):645-652.