闽江赣江上游流域长时间序列NPP变化分析
|
摘要
闽江和赣江上游流域是闽赣水系的主要水源涵养区,其生态环境好坏直接关系到区域水资源可持续利用;而植被净初级生产力(NPP)对生态变化具有重要指示作用,因此有必要分析流域长时间序列NPP变化趋势及原因。通过对闽江和赣江上游流域NPP自1990年以来6期数据的模拟计算,结合DEM和实地考察,发现:(1)两流域NPP总体上都经历了一个快速增长期,且增长最快阶段均为1995—2000年,既得益于当地良好的水热条件,也与政策驱动有关;(2)NPP增长较快地带主要位于对自然破坏相对较少的高海拔山区和欠发达偏远地区;(3)闽江上游流域各期NPP值均高于赣江上游流域,且全流域普遍增长趋势较赣江上游流域明显,得益于其更丰沛的降水和更少的植被破坏;(4)闽江上游流域NPP增长相对持续稳定,赣江上游流域则经历了两次波动,应与城镇化等经济开发有关。
The upper Minjiang River basin and the upper Ganjiang River basin are the important source water conservation districts of the Minjiang River and the Ganjiang River.The qualities of their ecological environments are directly related to the sustainable utilization of local water resources.The vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)has an important indicative function for ecological change.Thus,it′s necessary to analyze NPP′s long series change trends and reasons.It′s found through 6phases of simulated NPP in the two basins since 1990 and by comparative analysis combined with DEM and fieldwork that:(1)in general,NPP in the two basins had experienced a period of rapid growth and the period from 1995 to 2000was the fastest growth phase,which benefited from local good hydrothermal conditions and the driving force from policy as well;(2)the zones that NPP grows quickly are mainly located at higher elevations in the mountains and the underdeveloped wild areas,which is mainly due to the relatively little anthropogenic interference;(3)the NPP value for each phase in the upper Minjiang River basin was higher than that in the upper Ganjiang River basin and the former′s general growth trend was also more obvious than the latter,which was mainly due to more abundant rainfall and less damage to vegetation in the upper Minjiang River basin;(4)the NPP growth in the upper Minjiang River basin is relatively steady,while it experienced two swings in the upper Ganjiang River basin,which should be attributed to local urbanization and other economic development.
The upper Minjiang River basin and the upper Ganjiang River basin are the important source water conservation districts of the Minjiang River and the Ganjiang River.The qualities of their ecological environments are directly related to the sustainable utilization of local water resources.The vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)has an important indicative function for ecological change.Thus,it′s necessary to analyze NPP′s long series change trends and reasons.It′s found through 6phases of simulated NPP in the two basins since 1990 and by comparative analysis combined with DEM and fieldwork that:(1)in general,NPP in the two basins had experienced a period of rapid growth and the period from 1995 to 2000was the fastest growth phase,which benefited from local good hydrothermal conditions and the driving force from policy as well;(2)the zones that NPP grows quickly are mainly located at higher elevations in the mountains and the underdeveloped wild areas,which is mainly due to the relatively little anthropogenic interference;(3)the NPP value for each phase in the upper Minjiang River basin was higher than that in the upper Ganjiang River basin and the former′s general growth trend was also more obvious than the latter,which was mainly due to more abundant rainfall and less damage to vegetation in the upper Minjiang River basin;(4)the NPP growth in the upper Minjiang River basin is relatively steady,while it experienced two swings in the upper Ganjiang River basin,which should be attributed to local urbanization and other economic development.
引文
[1]徐涵秋,何慧,黄绍霖,福建省长汀县河田水土流失区植被覆盖度变化及其热环境效应[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):2954-2963.
[2]高国林,王石英,蒋容,翠屏区植被覆盖及其景观格局变化遥感分析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(3):104-109.
[3]White M A,Nemani R R.Real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting of land surface phenology[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2006,104(1):43-49.
[4]Briske D D,Fuhlendorf S D,Smeins F E.State-andtransition models,thresholds,and rangeland health:A synthesis of ecological concepts and perspectives[J].Rangeland Ecology&Management,2009,58(1):1-10.
[5]Walker M D,Wahren C H,Hollister R D,et al.Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(5):1342-1346.
[6]满正闯,苏春江,徐云,等.岷江上游森林涵养水源的能力变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):223-225.
[7]Bondeau A,Kicklighter D W,Kaduk J,et al.Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity(NPP):Importance of vegetation structure on seasonal NPP estimates[J].Global Change Biology,1999,5(S1):35-45.
[8]李慧.福建省森林生态系统NPP和NEP时空模拟研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2008.
[9]谢晓华,赖日文,李永实.基于RS技术的闽江流域植被覆盖度时空变化分析[J].贵州大学学报:自然科学版,2008,25(5):536-539.
[10]丁庆福,王军邦,齐述华,等.江西省植被净初级生产力的空间格局及其对气候因素的响应[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):726-732.
[11]赵广敏,李晓燕,李宝毅.基于地表温度和植被指数特征空间的农业干旱遥感监测方法研究综述[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):245-250.
[12]胡克梅,刘伟玲,朱京海,等.2000—2010年井冈山国家级自然保护区生态系统功能变化评估[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):219-228.
[13]Bakker J P,Olff H,Willems J.H,et al.Why do we need permanent plots in the study of long-term vegetation dynamics[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,1996,7(2):147-155.
[14]孙睿,朱启疆.中国陆地植被净第一性生产力及季节变化的研究[J].地理学报,2000,55(1):36-45.
[15]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):413-424.
[16]高国栋,陆渝蓉,缪启龙.气候学教程[M].北京:气象出版社,1996.
[17]李继由,张谊光.中国农业气候资源[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1993.
[18]刘纪远,张增祥,庄大方.20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化时空特征及其成因分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(1):1-12.
[19]朱冬亮.集体林改与新农村生态文明建设:以福建省为例[J].福建江夏学院学报,2012,2(1):5-9
[20]庄晨辉,徐炜,张惠光,等.福建省非规划林地造林绿化树种的选择与应用研究[J].林业勘察设计,2011(2):1-4.
[21]刘志勇,赖格英,潘少明.赣江源头流域植被变化的水文响应模拟研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(5):446-452.
[22]彭珂珊,徐宣斌.生态环境恢复和退耕还林之研究[J].环境保护,2002(8):18-20.
[23]李鑫,欧阳勋志,刘琪璟.江西省2001—2005年森林植被碳储量及区域分布特征[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(4):655-665.
[24]张星,陈惠,林秀芳.近45年闽江流域气候变化特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):107-110.
[25]曹茜,刘锐.基于WPI模型的赣江流域水资源贫困评价[J].资源科学,2012,34(7):1306-1311.
[26]李德成,梁音,赵玉国,等.南方红壤区水土保持主要治理模式和经验[J].中国水土保持,2008(12):54-56.
[27]江海.开发新城区,建设新赣州[J].江西政报,1995(13):31-32.
[28]文玉钊,陈文峰,钟业喜,等.赣南原中央苏区中心城市的选择与培育[J].热带地理,2014,34(4):568-576.
[29]陆文英,陈红萍,陆朝梁,等.“一大四小”生态工程实证调研[J].江西林业科技,2013(6):24-26.
[2]高国林,王石英,蒋容,翠屏区植被覆盖及其景观格局变化遥感分析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(3):104-109.
[3]White M A,Nemani R R.Real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting of land surface phenology[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2006,104(1):43-49.
[4]Briske D D,Fuhlendorf S D,Smeins F E.State-andtransition models,thresholds,and rangeland health:A synthesis of ecological concepts and perspectives[J].Rangeland Ecology&Management,2009,58(1):1-10.
[5]Walker M D,Wahren C H,Hollister R D,et al.Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(5):1342-1346.
[6]满正闯,苏春江,徐云,等.岷江上游森林涵养水源的能力变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):223-225.
[7]Bondeau A,Kicklighter D W,Kaduk J,et al.Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity(NPP):Importance of vegetation structure on seasonal NPP estimates[J].Global Change Biology,1999,5(S1):35-45.
[8]李慧.福建省森林生态系统NPP和NEP时空模拟研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2008.
[9]谢晓华,赖日文,李永实.基于RS技术的闽江流域植被覆盖度时空变化分析[J].贵州大学学报:自然科学版,2008,25(5):536-539.
[10]丁庆福,王军邦,齐述华,等.江西省植被净初级生产力的空间格局及其对气候因素的响应[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):726-732.
[11]赵广敏,李晓燕,李宝毅.基于地表温度和植被指数特征空间的农业干旱遥感监测方法研究综述[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):245-250.
[12]胡克梅,刘伟玲,朱京海,等.2000—2010年井冈山国家级自然保护区生态系统功能变化评估[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):219-228.
[13]Bakker J P,Olff H,Willems J.H,et al.Why do we need permanent plots in the study of long-term vegetation dynamics[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,1996,7(2):147-155.
[14]孙睿,朱启疆.中国陆地植被净第一性生产力及季节变化的研究[J].地理学报,2000,55(1):36-45.
[15]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):413-424.
[16]高国栋,陆渝蓉,缪启龙.气候学教程[M].北京:气象出版社,1996.
[17]李继由,张谊光.中国农业气候资源[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1993.
[18]刘纪远,张增祥,庄大方.20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化时空特征及其成因分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(1):1-12.
[19]朱冬亮.集体林改与新农村生态文明建设:以福建省为例[J].福建江夏学院学报,2012,2(1):5-9
[20]庄晨辉,徐炜,张惠光,等.福建省非规划林地造林绿化树种的选择与应用研究[J].林业勘察设计,2011(2):1-4.
[21]刘志勇,赖格英,潘少明.赣江源头流域植被变化的水文响应模拟研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(5):446-452.
[22]彭珂珊,徐宣斌.生态环境恢复和退耕还林之研究[J].环境保护,2002(8):18-20.
[23]李鑫,欧阳勋志,刘琪璟.江西省2001—2005年森林植被碳储量及区域分布特征[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(4):655-665.
[24]张星,陈惠,林秀芳.近45年闽江流域气候变化特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):107-110.
[25]曹茜,刘锐.基于WPI模型的赣江流域水资源贫困评价[J].资源科学,2012,34(7):1306-1311.
[26]李德成,梁音,赵玉国,等.南方红壤区水土保持主要治理模式和经验[J].中国水土保持,2008(12):54-56.
[27]江海.开发新城区,建设新赣州[J].江西政报,1995(13):31-32.
[28]文玉钊,陈文峰,钟业喜,等.赣南原中央苏区中心城市的选择与培育[J].热带地理,2014,34(4):568-576.
[29]陆文英,陈红萍,陆朝梁,等.“一大四小”生态工程实证调研[J].江西林业科技,2013(6):24-26.