暴雨条件下的长距离渠系水力响应特性研究
|
摘要
暴雨是常见的天气现象,其对长距离输水渠系的适时适量供水及工程安全具有重要影响。通过建立暴雨影响下的渠系水力响应模拟模型,分析了不同暴雨条件和渠系闸门群有无联合调度等情况下的渠系联合水力响应规律,结果表明,暴雨可威胁渠系的运行安全,而恰当的渠系运行控制响应模式是改善渠系水力响应的重要方法,有利于促进输水安全。暴雨可造成南水北调中线工程渠道内水位雍高,雍高程度受降雨强度、降雨范围和渠道断面位置影响,其中末端渠池下游的水位雍高最大,连续3日暴雨可造成水位雍高0.44m,使渠系面临外溢风险,而采用闸门群联合调度后,可有效削减壅水高度,但此时的壅水高度还受渠系控制模式和参数取值等因素影响,且渠系风险位置也将位于降水影响区最上游端渠池。
Rainstorm is a common weather phenomenon.It influences the timely and sufficient water supply of long-distance canal system and engineering security.In this paper,we established a mathematical model to simulate the hydraulic responses under different rainstorm processes.The simulation results showed that:the rainstorm affects the operation security of the system,and the proper canal system operation can improve the security.Rainstorm can raise the water level,the extent of which depends on rainstorm intensity,rainstorm scope,and the location of the observed cross-section.The maximum increase occurs down the last canal pool.A 3-day rainstorm can increase the water level by 0.44 m,endangering canal safety.With joint operation of the gates,the dammed water level can be effectively reduced,but it is still influenced by the control mode of the canal system and parameter values;and the risk position will be the first canal pool in the rainstorm-stricken area.
Rainstorm is a common weather phenomenon.It influences the timely and sufficient water supply of long-distance canal system and engineering security.In this paper,we established a mathematical model to simulate the hydraulic responses under different rainstorm processes.The simulation results showed that:the rainstorm affects the operation security of the system,and the proper canal system operation can improve the security.Rainstorm can raise the water level,the extent of which depends on rainstorm intensity,rainstorm scope,and the location of the observed cross-section.The maximum increase occurs down the last canal pool.A 3-day rainstorm can increase the water level by 0.44 m,endangering canal safety.With joint operation of the gates,the dammed water level can be effectively reduced,but it is still influenced by the control mode of the canal system and parameter values;and the risk position will be the first canal pool in the rainstorm-stricken area.
引文
[1]孙霞,俞海洋,孙斌,等.河北省主要气象灾害时空变化的统计分析[J].干旱气象,2014,32(3):388-392.(SUN X,YU H Y,SUN B,et al.Statistical analysis of meteorological disasters in Hebei Province[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2014,32(3):388-392.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2014)-03-0388.
[2]张文龙,崔晓鹏.近50a华北暴雨研究主要进展[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(4):384-391.(ZHANG W L,CUI X P.Main progress of torrential rain researches in North China during the past 50years[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2012,31(4):384-391.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2012.04.014.
[3]WANG C D,ALBERT J C,WILLIAM E H.Dynamic response of automatic water-level controller.I:Theory[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1990,116(6):769-783.
[4]CLEMMENS A J,WANG C D,REPLOGE J A.Dynamic response of automatic water-level controller II:Application[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1990,116(6):784-796.
[5]LITRICO X,FROMION V.Tuning of robust distant downstream pi controllers for an irrigation canal pool.Ⅰ:Theory[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2006,132(4):359-368.
[6]LITRICO X,FROMION V,BAUME J P.Tuning of robust distant downstream pi controllers for an irrigation canal pool.Ⅱ:Implementation Issues[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2006,132(4):369-379.
[7]吕宏兴,宋松柏,马孝义,等.灌溉渠道闸门调控过程中的非恒定流研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(6):18-22.(L?H X,SONG S B,MA X Y,et al.Unsteady flow during regulating gate in irrigation canal[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(6):18-22.(in Chinese)).
[8]阮新建,姜兆雄,杨芳.渠道运行神经网络控制[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(1):114-118.(RUAN X J,JIANG Z X,YANG F.Neural control of channel operation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(1):114-318.(in Chinese))
[9]姚雄.长距离输水渠系自动化运行控制研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2008.(YAO X.Research on automatic operation and control of long distance water transfer canal system[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2008.(in Chinese))
[10]管光华,王长德,范杰,等.鲁棒控制在多渠段自动控制的应用[J].水利学报,2005,36(11):1379-1384.(GUAN G H,WANG C D,FAN J,et al.Application of robust controler in automatic control of multi-section channel system[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(11):1379-1384.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2005.11.019.
[11]丁志良.长距离输水渠道水力特性及运行控制研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2009.(DING Z L.Research on hydraulic characteristics and operation control of long distance water transfer channel[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2009.(in Chinese))
[12]黄会勇.南水北调中线总干渠水量调度模型研究及系统开发[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2013.(HUANG H Y.Study of water supply and control model for Middle Route Main Canal of South-to-North Water Transfer first stage project and software system development[D].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources&Hydropower Research,2013.(in Chinese))
[13]韩延成,高学平.长距离自流型渠道输水控制的二步法研究[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):4142418.(HAN Y C,GAO X P.Two step optimal operation and control method for long distance gravity flow delivery in canals[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(3):414-418.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2006.03.020.
[14]崔巍,陈文学,穆祥鹏.明渠运行控制算法研究综述[J].南水北调与水利科技,2009,7(6):113-117.(CUI W,CHEN W X,MU X P.Progress in research on open channel control algorithms[J].South to North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,209,7(6):113-117.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1683.2009.06.027.
[15]刘孟凯,王长德,冯晓波.长距离控制渠系结冰期的响应分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):20-27.(LIU M K,WANG C D,FENG X B.Analysis on the hydraulic response of long distance canal control system during ice period[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(2):20-27.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.004.
[16]何小聪,康玲,程晓君,丁毅.基于贝叶斯网络的南水北调中线工程暴雨洪水风险分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(4):10-13.(HE X C,KANG L,CHENG X J.Flood risk analysis in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China based on Bayesian Network[J].South to North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2012,10(4):10-13.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2012.04010.
[17]王浩,郑和震,雷晓辉,等.南水北调中线干线水质安全应急调控与处置关键技术研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(2):1-6.(WANG H,ZHENG H Z,LEI X H,et al.Study on key technologies of emergency regulation and treatment to ensure water quality safety of the Main Canal of Middle Routes of South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2016,48(2):1-6.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.02.001.
[18]聂艳华.长距离引水工程突发事件的应急调度研究[D].武汉:长江科学院,2011.(NIE Y H.Study on emergency dispatching of long distance water diversion project[D].Wuhan:Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Comission,2011.(in Chinese))
[19]王浩,雷晓辉,尚毅梓,等.南水北调中线工程智能调控与应急调度关键技术[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(2):01-08.(WANG H,LEI X H,SHANG Y Z,et al.Key technologies of intelligent control and emergency regulation for the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].South to North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(2):01-08.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2017.02.001.
[20]李炜,徐孝平.水力学[M].武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,2000:1-469.(LI W,XU X P.Hydraulics[M].Wuhan:Wuhan university of water conservancy and electric power press,2000.(in Chinese))
[2]张文龙,崔晓鹏.近50a华北暴雨研究主要进展[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(4):384-391.(ZHANG W L,CUI X P.Main progress of torrential rain researches in North China during the past 50years[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2012,31(4):384-391.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2012.04.014.
[3]WANG C D,ALBERT J C,WILLIAM E H.Dynamic response of automatic water-level controller.I:Theory[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1990,116(6):769-783.
[4]CLEMMENS A J,WANG C D,REPLOGE J A.Dynamic response of automatic water-level controller II:Application[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1990,116(6):784-796.
[5]LITRICO X,FROMION V.Tuning of robust distant downstream pi controllers for an irrigation canal pool.Ⅰ:Theory[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2006,132(4):359-368.
[6]LITRICO X,FROMION V,BAUME J P.Tuning of robust distant downstream pi controllers for an irrigation canal pool.Ⅱ:Implementation Issues[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2006,132(4):369-379.
[7]吕宏兴,宋松柏,马孝义,等.灌溉渠道闸门调控过程中的非恒定流研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(6):18-22.(L?H X,SONG S B,MA X Y,et al.Unsteady flow during regulating gate in irrigation canal[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(6):18-22.(in Chinese)).
[8]阮新建,姜兆雄,杨芳.渠道运行神经网络控制[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(1):114-118.(RUAN X J,JIANG Z X,YANG F.Neural control of channel operation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(1):114-318.(in Chinese))
[9]姚雄.长距离输水渠系自动化运行控制研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2008.(YAO X.Research on automatic operation and control of long distance water transfer canal system[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2008.(in Chinese))
[10]管光华,王长德,范杰,等.鲁棒控制在多渠段自动控制的应用[J].水利学报,2005,36(11):1379-1384.(GUAN G H,WANG C D,FAN J,et al.Application of robust controler in automatic control of multi-section channel system[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(11):1379-1384.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2005.11.019.
[11]丁志良.长距离输水渠道水力特性及运行控制研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2009.(DING Z L.Research on hydraulic characteristics and operation control of long distance water transfer channel[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2009.(in Chinese))
[12]黄会勇.南水北调中线总干渠水量调度模型研究及系统开发[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2013.(HUANG H Y.Study of water supply and control model for Middle Route Main Canal of South-to-North Water Transfer first stage project and software system development[D].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources&Hydropower Research,2013.(in Chinese))
[13]韩延成,高学平.长距离自流型渠道输水控制的二步法研究[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):4142418.(HAN Y C,GAO X P.Two step optimal operation and control method for long distance gravity flow delivery in canals[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(3):414-418.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2006.03.020.
[14]崔巍,陈文学,穆祥鹏.明渠运行控制算法研究综述[J].南水北调与水利科技,2009,7(6):113-117.(CUI W,CHEN W X,MU X P.Progress in research on open channel control algorithms[J].South to North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,209,7(6):113-117.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1683.2009.06.027.
[15]刘孟凯,王长德,冯晓波.长距离控制渠系结冰期的响应分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):20-27.(LIU M K,WANG C D,FENG X B.Analysis on the hydraulic response of long distance canal control system during ice period[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(2):20-27.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.004.
[16]何小聪,康玲,程晓君,丁毅.基于贝叶斯网络的南水北调中线工程暴雨洪水风险分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(4):10-13.(HE X C,KANG L,CHENG X J.Flood risk analysis in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China based on Bayesian Network[J].South to North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2012,10(4):10-13.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2012.04010.
[17]王浩,郑和震,雷晓辉,等.南水北调中线干线水质安全应急调控与处置关键技术研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(2):1-6.(WANG H,ZHENG H Z,LEI X H,et al.Study on key technologies of emergency regulation and treatment to ensure water quality safety of the Main Canal of Middle Routes of South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2016,48(2):1-6.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.02.001.
[18]聂艳华.长距离引水工程突发事件的应急调度研究[D].武汉:长江科学院,2011.(NIE Y H.Study on emergency dispatching of long distance water diversion project[D].Wuhan:Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Comission,2011.(in Chinese))
[19]王浩,雷晓辉,尚毅梓,等.南水北调中线工程智能调控与应急调度关键技术[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(2):01-08.(WANG H,LEI X H,SHANG Y Z,et al.Key technologies of intelligent control and emergency regulation for the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].South to North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(2):01-08.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2017.02.001.
[20]李炜,徐孝平.水力学[M].武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,2000:1-469.(LI W,XU X P.Hydraulics[M].Wuhan:Wuhan university of water conservancy and electric power press,2000.(in Chinese))