推进产业新旧动能转换的成效、问题与对策
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摘要
加快新旧动能转换是促进经济结构转型和实体经济升级的重要途径,是推进供给侧结构性改革的重要着力点。近年来,我国推动产业新旧动能转换的探索取得了初步成效,创业创新引领发展,新动能加快集聚;传统产业加快转型,传统动能焕发新活力;产能过剩行业出现恢复性增长;地方结合区域产业发展重点,围绕新旧动能转换的探索不断深入。但仍存在新产业、新动能发展规模难以弥补传统产业下滑导致的动能衰退缺口;传统产业全要素生产率水平偏低,优化升级任务艰巨;一二三次产业优化发展不平衡,第一、二产业相对滞后;基础薄弱地区新旧动能转换缓慢,导致区域发展不平衡现象更加突出等问题。现阶段,进一步推进产业新旧动能转换需扫除多方障碍,包括市场准入壁垒较多、市场监管体制不完善、尚未建立适应新经济发展的监管新模式等体制机制障碍,以及经济发展尚未完全脱离对传统发展路径的依赖,政策的设计制定和贯彻落实缺乏统筹性、协调性,高端要素对新旧动能转换支撑力不足等障碍。为培育壮大经济发展新动能、加快新旧动能转换,应注重培育壮大新产业和新动能、优化升级传统产业以激活旧动能、做优质量做强品牌。同时,着力破除体制机制障碍,加快构建有利于产业新旧动能转换的体制机制;强化创新在产业新旧动能转换中的引领作用;构建有利于新经济发展的新型监管模式;强化科技、人才、信息等高端要素的支撑力;深度融入全球产业链分工体系。
Accelerating the shift from the old to the new growth drivers is an important way to promote the transformation of the economic structure and the upgrading of the real economy,and it is also a key point for promoting supply-side structural reform. In recent years,China has achieved initial results in the exploration of promoting the transformation of industrial growth drivers. Entrepreneurial innovation has led to development which promotes the accelerated concentration of the new growth drivers. Traditional industries has speed up its transformation which gives the traditional growth drivers new vitality. Industries with excess capacity has achieved a recovery growth. The key points of regional industrial development is on the explorations of in the transformation of old and new growth drivers. However,at present,there still many existing problems. The scale of development of the new industries and the new drivers is not enough to compensate for the gap in the lost drivers caused by the decline in the traditional industries. The total factors productivity of traditional industries is relatively low,and the task of optimization and upgrading is arduous. The development of industrial optimization is unbalanced,and the development of the first and second industries is relatively lagging behind.And the transition of new growth drivers in areas with weak foundations is going slow,which leads to more prominent imbalances in regional development. At this stage,the first step to promote the transformation of new industrial growth drivers is to remove obstacles in many ways,including the institutional and systematic barriers like many market access barriers,imperfect market supervision system,the lack of new supervision mechanisms to adapt to the new economic development,and the fact that economic development has not completely escaped the dependence on traditional paths. There are also obstacles like the overall consideration and coordination of policy design formulation and implementation is not at a high level and the high-end elements cant provide sufficient support for the shift in growth drivers. In order to cultivate and expand the new driver of economic development and accelerate the transformation of growth drivers,we should pay attention to cultivating and expanding new industries,new growth drivers,optimizing and upgrading the traditional industries to activate old drivers,improving product quality and strengthening brand. We should also focus on breaking the institutional obstacles,accelerate the construction of institutional mechanism which can promote the shift in driving forces for development,strengthen the leading role of innovation in the transformation of new and old growth drivers,build an emerging regulatory model which is beneficial for the development of new economy,strengthen the support for high-end technology,talents,and information,and deeply integrate into the division system of the global industrial chain.
Accelerating the shift from the old to the new growth drivers is an important way to promote the transformation of the economic structure and the upgrading of the real economy,and it is also a key point for promoting supply-side structural reform. In recent years,China has achieved initial results in the exploration of promoting the transformation of industrial growth drivers. Entrepreneurial innovation has led to development which promotes the accelerated concentration of the new growth drivers. Traditional industries has speed up its transformation which gives the traditional growth drivers new vitality. Industries with excess capacity has achieved a recovery growth. The key points of regional industrial development is on the explorations of in the transformation of old and new growth drivers. However,at present,there still many existing problems. The scale of development of the new industries and the new drivers is not enough to compensate for the gap in the lost drivers caused by the decline in the traditional industries. The total factors productivity of traditional industries is relatively low,and the task of optimization and upgrading is arduous. The development of industrial optimization is unbalanced,and the development of the first and second industries is relatively lagging behind.And the transition of new growth drivers in areas with weak foundations is going slow,which leads to more prominent imbalances in regional development. At this stage,the first step to promote the transformation of new industrial growth drivers is to remove obstacles in many ways,including the institutional and systematic barriers like many market access barriers,imperfect market supervision system,the lack of new supervision mechanisms to adapt to the new economic development,and the fact that economic development has not completely escaped the dependence on traditional paths. There are also obstacles like the overall consideration and coordination of policy design formulation and implementation is not at a high level and the high-end elements cant provide sufficient support for the shift in growth drivers. In order to cultivate and expand the new driver of economic development and accelerate the transformation of growth drivers,we should pay attention to cultivating and expanding new industries,new growth drivers,optimizing and upgrading the traditional industries to activate old drivers,improving product quality and strengthening brand. We should also focus on breaking the institutional obstacles,accelerate the construction of institutional mechanism which can promote the shift in driving forces for development,strengthen the leading role of innovation in the transformation of new and old growth drivers,build an emerging regulatory model which is beneficial for the development of new economy,strengthen the support for high-end technology,talents,and information,and deeply integrate into the division system of the global industrial chain.
引文
[1]创业创新蓬勃兴起新兴产业茁壮成长[EB/OL].[2017-06-27].http://news.163.com/17/0627/16/CNV0IHH100014AEE.html.
[2]六部门联合印发通知:做好2018年重点领域化解过剩产能工作[EB/OL].[2018-04-20].中国新闻网,http://www.chinanews.com/.
[3]陈洪彬.浅谈新经济的特征与规律[J].科技与管理,2003(2):98-99.
[4]成思危.解读新经济[J].福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001(2):5-14.
[5]媒体专家热议新经济为发展注入新动力期盼多措并举促进新经济健康发展[N].互联网信息日报,2016-03-25.
[6]姜江,等.“十三五”产业新增长点:打造经济发展新引擎[M].北京:中国市场出版社,2016.
[7]王春法.经济全球化背景下的科技竞争之路[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2000.
[8]王中美.新经济的动态竞争与反垄断之两难命题——以谷歌案为例[J].行政与法,2014(9):100-106.
[9]许永兵,徐圣银.长波、创新与美国的新经济[J].经济学家,2001(3):55-61.
[10]潘建成.新旧动能的转换是一个长期的过程我们需要耐心[EB/OL].[2015-10-20].中国政府网,www.gov.cn/wenzheng/2015-10/20/content_2950465.htm.
[11]全面深化改革领导干部学习读本[M].北京:中国财政出版社,2017.
[12]马晓河.大转型:供给侧结构性改革[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2017.
[13]国家发展和改革委员会产业经济与技术经济研究所.产业发展报告:2017——迈向中高端的产业发展[M].北京:中国财经出版传媒集团,2017.
[14]党的十九大报告辅导读本[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[15]陈东琪.通向新增长之路:供给侧结构性改革论纲[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[16]黄汉权,等.新时期产业政策转型理论与实践[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2017.
[17]王昌林.大众创业万众创新理论初探[M].北京:人民出版社,2018.
[18]关于培育壮大新动能加快新旧动能转换的战略举措研究[R].国家发展和改革委员会,2016.
[19]盛朝迅,黄汉权.构建支撑供给侧结构性改革的创新体系研究[J].中国软科学,2017(5):20-29.
[20]杜传忠,郭美晨.第四次工业革命与要素生产率提升[J].广东社会科学,2017(5):5-13.
[21]马建堂.拥抱数字经济的伟大时代[N].中国经济时报,2018-04-16.
(1)数据来源:国家统计局核算司。
(1)路径依赖理论由美国经济学者道格拉斯·诺斯最早提出,是指经济发展一旦进入某一路径,就可能产生对这种路径的依赖,而且这种依赖还会不断自我强化,最终甚至会进入阻滞持续发展的锁定状态。
(1)参见2017年9月5日习近平总书记在厦门出席新兴市场国家与发展中国家对话会上的重要讲话。
[2]六部门联合印发通知:做好2018年重点领域化解过剩产能工作[EB/OL].[2018-04-20].中国新闻网,http://www.chinanews.com/.
[3]陈洪彬.浅谈新经济的特征与规律[J].科技与管理,2003(2):98-99.
[4]成思危.解读新经济[J].福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001(2):5-14.
[5]媒体专家热议新经济为发展注入新动力期盼多措并举促进新经济健康发展[N].互联网信息日报,2016-03-25.
[6]姜江,等.“十三五”产业新增长点:打造经济发展新引擎[M].北京:中国市场出版社,2016.
[7]王春法.经济全球化背景下的科技竞争之路[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2000.
[8]王中美.新经济的动态竞争与反垄断之两难命题——以谷歌案为例[J].行政与法,2014(9):100-106.
[9]许永兵,徐圣银.长波、创新与美国的新经济[J].经济学家,2001(3):55-61.
[10]潘建成.新旧动能的转换是一个长期的过程我们需要耐心[EB/OL].[2015-10-20].中国政府网,www.gov.cn/wenzheng/2015-10/20/content_2950465.htm.
[11]全面深化改革领导干部学习读本[M].北京:中国财政出版社,2017.
[12]马晓河.大转型:供给侧结构性改革[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2017.
[13]国家发展和改革委员会产业经济与技术经济研究所.产业发展报告:2017——迈向中高端的产业发展[M].北京:中国财经出版传媒集团,2017.
[14]党的十九大报告辅导读本[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[15]陈东琪.通向新增长之路:供给侧结构性改革论纲[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[16]黄汉权,等.新时期产业政策转型理论与实践[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2017.
[17]王昌林.大众创业万众创新理论初探[M].北京:人民出版社,2018.
[18]关于培育壮大新动能加快新旧动能转换的战略举措研究[R].国家发展和改革委员会,2016.
[19]盛朝迅,黄汉权.构建支撑供给侧结构性改革的创新体系研究[J].中国软科学,2017(5):20-29.
[20]杜传忠,郭美晨.第四次工业革命与要素生产率提升[J].广东社会科学,2017(5):5-13.
[21]马建堂.拥抱数字经济的伟大时代[N].中国经济时报,2018-04-16.
(1)数据来源:国家统计局核算司。
(1)路径依赖理论由美国经济学者道格拉斯·诺斯最早提出,是指经济发展一旦进入某一路径,就可能产生对这种路径的依赖,而且这种依赖还会不断自我强化,最终甚至会进入阻滞持续发展的锁定状态。
(1)参见2017年9月5日习近平总书记在厦门出席新兴市场国家与发展中国家对话会上的重要讲话。