西北太平洋上层海洋对台风响应的合成分析研究
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摘要
基于台风最佳路径资料和20a的Argo浮标资料,采用一种合成分析方法,得到了西北太平洋上层海洋的温度、盐度、溶解氧等三维要素场对台风的平均响应特征,结果表明:台风移动路径右侧海表面温度呈明显的负异常,即具有"右偏性",次表层在"热泵"和"冷抽吸"共同影响下,温度异常呈正负相间的分布,次表层以下大部区域以温度负异常为主,但"右偏性"已不明显;表层至1 000 m深度,各层占主导的盐度异常值呈"正-负-正"的垂向分布,次表层以下,各层的盐度异常在平行和垂直于台风路径方向上的分布较为均匀,不具有明显的各向性差异;表层至1 000 m深度层,溶解氧浓度呈"小-大-小"的垂向分布,各层的平面分布特征较为相似,均在平行于台风路径-2～2 R50范围存在一带状高值区域;温度、盐度、溶解氧浓度等要素对台风的平均响应深度可达到1 000 m以上.
Response of three-dimensional fields of temperature,salinity and dissolved oxygen( DO) to typhoons in the northwestern Pacific was analyzed by a composing analytical method based on 20-year Argo buoy data. The results show that on the right side of typhoon tracks,sea surface temperature showed significant negative anomalies,i. e. being a "right-hand-side intensification",while in the subsurface layer,it is mixed with positive and negative anomalies due to both heat pump effect and the cold suction effect. In the layers below the subsurface,it is dominated by negative temperature anomalies,while the "right-hand-side intensification"is not obvious. From surface to the depth of 1 000 m,vertical distribution of salinity anomaly of each layer represents a"positive-negative-positive"variation feature. At each horizontal layer below surface,salinity anomaly field is more uniform in both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of typhoon track. From surface to 1 000 m depth,concentrations of DO represent"low-high-little"distribution. Horizontal distribution of DO in each layer is similar,that is,there exists a high value band area along the typhoon track. Response of average depth of temperature,salinity and DO to typhoon can penetrate more than 1 000 m according to the composing results.
Response of three-dimensional fields of temperature,salinity and dissolved oxygen( DO) to typhoons in the northwestern Pacific was analyzed by a composing analytical method based on 20-year Argo buoy data. The results show that on the right side of typhoon tracks,sea surface temperature showed significant negative anomalies,i. e. being a "right-hand-side intensification",while in the subsurface layer,it is mixed with positive and negative anomalies due to both heat pump effect and the cold suction effect. In the layers below the subsurface,it is dominated by negative temperature anomalies,while the "right-hand-side intensification"is not obvious. From surface to the depth of 1 000 m,vertical distribution of salinity anomaly of each layer represents a"positive-negative-positive"variation feature. At each horizontal layer below surface,salinity anomaly field is more uniform in both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of typhoon track. From surface to 1 000 m depth,concentrations of DO represent"low-high-little"distribution. Horizontal distribution of DO in each layer is similar,that is,there exists a high value band area along the typhoon track. Response of average depth of temperature,salinity and DO to typhoon can penetrate more than 1 000 m according to the composing results.
引文
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[13] CHIANG T L,WU C R,OEY L Y. Typhoon Kai-Tak:An ocean’s perfect storm[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography,2011,41(1):221-233.
[14] SHANG S,LI L,SUN F. Changes of temperature and bio-optical properties in the South China Sea in response to TyphoonLingling,2001[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(10):L10602.
[15]王腾,高磊,李道季.连续两次台风过境对东海北部水环境及初级生产力的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(5):886-897.
[16]谢玲玲,何凤超,李明明,等.琼东上升流区海表温度对台风过境的响应[J].海洋科学进展,2017,35(1):8-19.
[17]蒋晨,张书文,伊小飞,等.上层海洋对热带风暴“天鹰”的响应[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(3):76-81.
[18]宋勇军,唐丹玲.南海东北部混合层深度对热带气旋海鸥和凤凰的响应[J].热带海洋学报,2017,36(1):15-24.
[19]赖巧珍,马雷鸣,黄伟,等.台湾岛附近海洋对0908号台风“莫拉克”的响应特征[J].海洋学报,2013,35(3):65-77.
[20] EMANUEL K. Contribution of tropical cyclones to meridional transport by the oceans[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmosphere,2001,106(D14):14 771-14 781.
[21] YANG B,HOU Y,HU P,et al. Shallow ocean response to tropical cyclones observed on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2015,120(5):3 817-3 836.
[22]吴铃蔚,凌征.基于Argo资料的西北太平洋海表面盐度对台风的响应特征分析[J].海洋学研究,2015,33(3):1-6.
[23]许东峰,刘增宏,徐晓华,等.西北太平洋暖池区台风对海面盐度的影响[J].海洋学报,2005,27(6):9-15.
[24]杨龙奇.海洋近表层流和上层温盐对1215号台风“天秤”的响应[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(3):13-22.
[25] HUNG C C,CHUNG C C,GONG G C,et al. Nutrient supply in the southern East China Sea after typhoon Morakot[J]. Journal of Marine Research,2013,71(71):133-149.
[26]杨元建,傅云飞,孙亮,等.基于多卫星和Argo浮标观测海洋上层对台风婷婷的响应[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2010,40(1):1-7.
[27]单海霞,管玉平,王东晓,等.赤道海洋对罕见台风“画眉”的响应[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(1):28-34.
[28] YE H J,SUI Y,TANG D L,et al. A subsurface chlorophyll abloom induced by typhoon in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Systems,2013,128:138-145.
[29]李薛,付东洋,张莹,等.超强台风“威马逊”对南海西北海域海洋环境的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(6):19-28.
[30] KO D S,CHAO S Y,WU C C,et al. Impacts of typhoon megi(2010)on the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2014,119(7):4 474-4 489.
[31] YU J,TANG D L,CHEN G B,et al. The positive effects of typhoons on the fish CPUE in the South China Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2014,84(4):1-12.
[32] FU D Y,PAN D L,WANG D F,et al. The analysis of phytoplankton blooms off the Yangtze River Estuary in the spring of2007[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health&Management,2014,17(3):221-232.
[33] WANG G H,WU L W,JOHNOSN N C. Observed three-dimensional structure of ocean cooling induced by Pacific tropical cyclones[J]. Geophysical Reasearch Letters,2016,43,7 632-7 638.
[34]童明荣,刘增宏,孙朝辉,等. ARGO剖面浮标数据质量控制过程剖析[J].海洋技术,2003,22(4):79-84.
[35] AKIMA H. A new method of interpolation and smooth curve fitting based on local procedures[J]. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,1970,17(4):589-602.
[36] BARTH A,BECKERS J M,TROUPIN C,et al. Divand-1. 0:n-dimensional variational data analysis for ocean observations[J]. Geoscientific Model Development,2014,7(1):225-241.
[37] D'ASARO E A. The ocean boundary layer below hurricane Dennis[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography,2003,33(3):561-578.
[38]杨元建,冼桃,孙亮,等.连续台风对海表温度和海表高度的影响[J].海洋学报,2012,34(1):71-78.
[39] CHEN J Y,Ni X B,MAO Z H,et al. Remote sensing and buoy based effect analysis of typhoon on hypoxia off the Changjiang(Yangtze)Estuary[J]. Proceeding of SPIE,2012,8 532(6):11.
[40] MITRA A,BANERJEE K,SENGGUPTA K. Impact of AILA,a tropical cyclone on salinity,p H and dissolved oxygen of an aquatic sub-system of Indian Sundarbans[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B:Biological Sciences,2011,81:198-205.
[41] MITRA A,HALDER P,BANERJEE K. Changes of selected hydrological parameters in Hooghly estuary in response to a severe tropical cyclone(Aila)[J]. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences,2011,40(1):32-36.
[42] STEVENS P W,BLEWETT D A,CASEY J P. Short-term effects of a low dissolved oxygen event on estuarine fish assemblages following the passage of Hurricane Charley[J]. Estuaries and Coasts,2006,29(6):997-1 003.
[43]林静柔,唐丹玲,娄全胜.超级台风“南玛都”对南海北部叶绿素a、温盐及溶解氧的影响[J].生态科学,2015,34(4):9-14.
[2]陈大可,雷小途,王伟,等.上层海洋对台风的响应和调制机理[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(10):1 077-1 086.
[3]高大鲁,王新怡,李秉天,等.南海北部海域对台风尼格的响应特征分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(6):8-13.
[4] WU C C,TU W T,PUN I F,et al. Tropical cyclone-ocean interaction in Typhoon Megi:A synergy study based on ITOP observations and atmosphere-ocean coupled model simulations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmosphere,2016,121:153-167
[5]刘增宏,许建平,朱伯康,等.利用Argo资料研究2001—2004年期间西北太平洋海洋上层对热带气旋的响应[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(1):1-8.
[6] FU D Y,HONG L,PAN D L,et al. Impact of two typhoons on the marine environment in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2016,34(4):871-884.
[7]陈昌吉,李子良.吕宋海峡上层海洋对于台风南玛都响应的观测分析与数值模拟试验[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(9):14-24.
[8]罗秉琨,李洁,赵朝方.双台风及其对海洋环境影响的遥感分析[J].遥感信息,2014,29(5):106-113.
[9]潘珊珊,史洁,高会旺,等.台风对上层海洋初级生产力和营养盐输运的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(6):120-133.
[10] LIU Z,XU J P,ZHU B,et al. The upper ocean response to tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific analyzed with Argo data[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2007,25(2):123-131.
[11] GUAN S,ZHAO W,HUTHNANCE J,et al. Observed upper ocean response to typhoon Megi(2010)in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Ocean,2014,119(5):3 134-3 157.
[12]石雨鑫,谢玲玲,李明明,等.台风“彩虹”对粤西近岸海表温度和叶绿素浓度的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2017,37(3):49-58.
[13] CHIANG T L,WU C R,OEY L Y. Typhoon Kai-Tak:An ocean’s perfect storm[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography,2011,41(1):221-233.
[14] SHANG S,LI L,SUN F. Changes of temperature and bio-optical properties in the South China Sea in response to TyphoonLingling,2001[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(10):L10602.
[15]王腾,高磊,李道季.连续两次台风过境对东海北部水环境及初级生产力的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(5):886-897.
[16]谢玲玲,何凤超,李明明,等.琼东上升流区海表温度对台风过境的响应[J].海洋科学进展,2017,35(1):8-19.
[17]蒋晨,张书文,伊小飞,等.上层海洋对热带风暴“天鹰”的响应[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(3):76-81.
[18]宋勇军,唐丹玲.南海东北部混合层深度对热带气旋海鸥和凤凰的响应[J].热带海洋学报,2017,36(1):15-24.
[19]赖巧珍,马雷鸣,黄伟,等.台湾岛附近海洋对0908号台风“莫拉克”的响应特征[J].海洋学报,2013,35(3):65-77.
[20] EMANUEL K. Contribution of tropical cyclones to meridional transport by the oceans[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmosphere,2001,106(D14):14 771-14 781.
[21] YANG B,HOU Y,HU P,et al. Shallow ocean response to tropical cyclones observed on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2015,120(5):3 817-3 836.
[22]吴铃蔚,凌征.基于Argo资料的西北太平洋海表面盐度对台风的响应特征分析[J].海洋学研究,2015,33(3):1-6.
[23]许东峰,刘增宏,徐晓华,等.西北太平洋暖池区台风对海面盐度的影响[J].海洋学报,2005,27(6):9-15.
[24]杨龙奇.海洋近表层流和上层温盐对1215号台风“天秤”的响应[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(3):13-22.
[25] HUNG C C,CHUNG C C,GONG G C,et al. Nutrient supply in the southern East China Sea after typhoon Morakot[J]. Journal of Marine Research,2013,71(71):133-149.
[26]杨元建,傅云飞,孙亮,等.基于多卫星和Argo浮标观测海洋上层对台风婷婷的响应[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2010,40(1):1-7.
[27]单海霞,管玉平,王东晓,等.赤道海洋对罕见台风“画眉”的响应[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(1):28-34.
[28] YE H J,SUI Y,TANG D L,et al. A subsurface chlorophyll abloom induced by typhoon in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Systems,2013,128:138-145.
[29]李薛,付东洋,张莹,等.超强台风“威马逊”对南海西北海域海洋环境的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(6):19-28.
[30] KO D S,CHAO S Y,WU C C,et al. Impacts of typhoon megi(2010)on the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2014,119(7):4 474-4 489.
[31] YU J,TANG D L,CHEN G B,et al. The positive effects of typhoons on the fish CPUE in the South China Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2014,84(4):1-12.
[32] FU D Y,PAN D L,WANG D F,et al. The analysis of phytoplankton blooms off the Yangtze River Estuary in the spring of2007[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health&Management,2014,17(3):221-232.
[33] WANG G H,WU L W,JOHNOSN N C. Observed three-dimensional structure of ocean cooling induced by Pacific tropical cyclones[J]. Geophysical Reasearch Letters,2016,43,7 632-7 638.
[34]童明荣,刘增宏,孙朝辉,等. ARGO剖面浮标数据质量控制过程剖析[J].海洋技术,2003,22(4):79-84.
[35] AKIMA H. A new method of interpolation and smooth curve fitting based on local procedures[J]. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,1970,17(4):589-602.
[36] BARTH A,BECKERS J M,TROUPIN C,et al. Divand-1. 0:n-dimensional variational data analysis for ocean observations[J]. Geoscientific Model Development,2014,7(1):225-241.
[37] D'ASARO E A. The ocean boundary layer below hurricane Dennis[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography,2003,33(3):561-578.
[38]杨元建,冼桃,孙亮,等.连续台风对海表温度和海表高度的影响[J].海洋学报,2012,34(1):71-78.
[39] CHEN J Y,Ni X B,MAO Z H,et al. Remote sensing and buoy based effect analysis of typhoon on hypoxia off the Changjiang(Yangtze)Estuary[J]. Proceeding of SPIE,2012,8 532(6):11.
[40] MITRA A,BANERJEE K,SENGGUPTA K. Impact of AILA,a tropical cyclone on salinity,p H and dissolved oxygen of an aquatic sub-system of Indian Sundarbans[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B:Biological Sciences,2011,81:198-205.
[41] MITRA A,HALDER P,BANERJEE K. Changes of selected hydrological parameters in Hooghly estuary in response to a severe tropical cyclone(Aila)[J]. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences,2011,40(1):32-36.
[42] STEVENS P W,BLEWETT D A,CASEY J P. Short-term effects of a low dissolved oxygen event on estuarine fish assemblages following the passage of Hurricane Charley[J]. Estuaries and Coasts,2006,29(6):997-1 003.
[43]林静柔,唐丹玲,娄全胜.超级台风“南玛都”对南海北部叶绿素a、温盐及溶解氧的影响[J].生态科学,2015,34(4):9-14.