基于鱼骨图-层次分析法对离心泵泄漏事故致因的研究
|
摘要
离心泵是油库原油输送的主要设备,一旦发生泄漏将造成一定的危害。为了避免事故发生,从近几年发生的离心泵泄漏事故以及相关文献出发,对离心泵泄漏事故进行了定性和定量分析,得出相关结论:在离心泵泄漏事故中,机械密封失效是其主要原因,动、静环失效和固定环转动是导致机械密封失效的主要因素;其次是填料密封失效,填料老化与填料松散是导致填料密封失效的主要因素。依据离心泵泄漏事故安全评价的结果,提出改进建议:对离心泵的进口压力和输送介质的温度进行控制,避免发生汽蚀;加强对泵壳以及轴承等原件的定期检查和及时更换等工作;提高工作人员的专业素养,在操作时充分考虑各种因素的影响。
Centrifugal pumps are the main equipment for crude oil transportation in oil depots. Once a leak occurs,it will cause certain hazards. In order to avoid the recurrence of accidents,qualitative and quantitative analysis of centrifugal pump leakage accidents has been carried out according to centrifugal pump leakage accidents and related literature in recent years. It is concluded that in the case of centrifugal pump leakage accidents,mechanical seal failure is the main reason,and the failure of the static and dynamic rings and the rotation of the fixed ring are the main factors leading to mechanical seal failure.The second is the failure of the packing seal, in which the aging and the looseness of the filler are the main factors leading to packing seal failure. According to the safety evaluation results of centrifugal pump leakage accident,the following suggestions for improvement are proposed: controlling the inlet pressure of the centrifugal pump and the temperature of the conveying medium to avoid cavitation,strengthening the regular inspection and timely replacement of the original parts such as the pump casing and bearings,improving the professional quality of the staff and fully considering various factors in the operation.
Centrifugal pumps are the main equipment for crude oil transportation in oil depots. Once a leak occurs,it will cause certain hazards. In order to avoid the recurrence of accidents,qualitative and quantitative analysis of centrifugal pump leakage accidents has been carried out according to centrifugal pump leakage accidents and related literature in recent years. It is concluded that in the case of centrifugal pump leakage accidents,mechanical seal failure is the main reason,and the failure of the static and dynamic rings and the rotation of the fixed ring are the main factors leading to mechanical seal failure.The second is the failure of the packing seal, in which the aging and the looseness of the filler are the main factors leading to packing seal failure. According to the safety evaluation results of centrifugal pump leakage accident,the following suggestions for improvement are proposed: controlling the inlet pressure of the centrifugal pump and the temperature of the conveying medium to avoid cavitation,strengthening the regular inspection and timely replacement of the original parts such as the pump casing and bearings,improving the professional quality of the staff and fully considering various factors in the operation.
引文
[1]马秀让.油库常用泵[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2016.MA Xiurang.Pumps commonly used in oil depots[M].Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2016.
[2]顾志勇.离心泵常见故障分析及处理措施[J].纯碱工业,2016(6):39-40.GU Zhiyong.Analysis of common failures of centrifugal pumps and treatment measures[J].Soda Industry,2016(6):39-40.
[3]LIU H L,WANG J,WANG Y,et al.Influence of the empirical coefficients of cavitation model on predicting cavitating flow in the centrifugal pump[J].International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2014,6(1):119-131.
[4]庄文建.离心式水泵常见问题及故障维修[J].科技风,2017(17):169-170.ZHUANG Wenjian.Frequently asked questions and fault maintenance of centrifugal pumps[J].Science and Technology Wind,2017(17):169-170.
[5]郭爱军.离心泵的结构特征及维护技术分析[J].中国设备工程,2017(8):61-62.GUO Aijun.Structural characteristics and maintenance technology analysis of centrifugal pumps[J].China Equipment Engineering,2017(8):61-62.
[6]吴正军.关于离心泵常见故障的解析和改进[J].现代制造技术与装备,2014(2):59-60.WU Zhengjun.Analysis and improvement of common faults of centrifugal pumps[J].Modern Manufacturing Technology and Equipment,2014(2):59-60.
[7]陶胤强.化工离心泵常见故障诊断和处理[J].河南科技,2014(4):65-66.TAO Yinqiang.Common fault diagnosis and treatment of chemical centrifugal pumps[J].Henan Science and Technology,2014(4):65-66.
[8]郭艳丽.离心式消防泵常见故障分析与预防对策[J].武警学院学报,2014,30(2):47-50.GUO Yanli.Analysis of common faults of centrifugal fire pumps and preventive countermeasures[J].Journal of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force,2014,30(2):47-50.
[9]REILLY J B,MYERS J S,SALVADOR D,et al.Use of a novel,modified fishbone diagram to analyze diagnostic errors[J].Diagnosis,2014,1(2):5.
[10]NIU D X,QIAO H H,ZHAI H J,et al.Power grid construction project cost risk factors analysis based on the fishbone diagram theory[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,4:622-623.
[11]ZHAO C H,ZHANG J,ZHONG X Y,et al.Analysis of accident safety risk of tower crane based on fishbone diagram and the analytic hierarchy process[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2011,127:139-143.
[12]李强,韩俊涛,王永成,等.基于层次分析法的铁路PPP项目风险评价究[J].铁道运输与经济,2017(10):7-11.LI Qiang.HAN Juntao.WANG Yongcheng,et al.Risk assessment of railway PPP projects based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Railway Transport and Economy,2017(10):7-11.
[13]HRISTOS K.The application of the AHP-TOPSIS for evaluating ballast water treatment systems by ship operators[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2017,52:172-184.
[14]AHN B S,CHOI S H.ERP system selection using a simulation-based AHP approach:a case of Korean homeshopping company[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,2008,59(3):322-330.
[2]顾志勇.离心泵常见故障分析及处理措施[J].纯碱工业,2016(6):39-40.GU Zhiyong.Analysis of common failures of centrifugal pumps and treatment measures[J].Soda Industry,2016(6):39-40.
[3]LIU H L,WANG J,WANG Y,et al.Influence of the empirical coefficients of cavitation model on predicting cavitating flow in the centrifugal pump[J].International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2014,6(1):119-131.
[4]庄文建.离心式水泵常见问题及故障维修[J].科技风,2017(17):169-170.ZHUANG Wenjian.Frequently asked questions and fault maintenance of centrifugal pumps[J].Science and Technology Wind,2017(17):169-170.
[5]郭爱军.离心泵的结构特征及维护技术分析[J].中国设备工程,2017(8):61-62.GUO Aijun.Structural characteristics and maintenance technology analysis of centrifugal pumps[J].China Equipment Engineering,2017(8):61-62.
[6]吴正军.关于离心泵常见故障的解析和改进[J].现代制造技术与装备,2014(2):59-60.WU Zhengjun.Analysis and improvement of common faults of centrifugal pumps[J].Modern Manufacturing Technology and Equipment,2014(2):59-60.
[7]陶胤强.化工离心泵常见故障诊断和处理[J].河南科技,2014(4):65-66.TAO Yinqiang.Common fault diagnosis and treatment of chemical centrifugal pumps[J].Henan Science and Technology,2014(4):65-66.
[8]郭艳丽.离心式消防泵常见故障分析与预防对策[J].武警学院学报,2014,30(2):47-50.GUO Yanli.Analysis of common faults of centrifugal fire pumps and preventive countermeasures[J].Journal of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force,2014,30(2):47-50.
[9]REILLY J B,MYERS J S,SALVADOR D,et al.Use of a novel,modified fishbone diagram to analyze diagnostic errors[J].Diagnosis,2014,1(2):5.
[10]NIU D X,QIAO H H,ZHAI H J,et al.Power grid construction project cost risk factors analysis based on the fishbone diagram theory[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,4:622-623.
[11]ZHAO C H,ZHANG J,ZHONG X Y,et al.Analysis of accident safety risk of tower crane based on fishbone diagram and the analytic hierarchy process[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2011,127:139-143.
[12]李强,韩俊涛,王永成,等.基于层次分析法的铁路PPP项目风险评价究[J].铁道运输与经济,2017(10):7-11.LI Qiang.HAN Juntao.WANG Yongcheng,et al.Risk assessment of railway PPP projects based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Railway Transport and Economy,2017(10):7-11.
[13]HRISTOS K.The application of the AHP-TOPSIS for evaluating ballast water treatment systems by ship operators[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2017,52:172-184.
[14]AHN B S,CHOI S H.ERP system selection using a simulation-based AHP approach:a case of Korean homeshopping company[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,2008,59(3):322-330.