天然气水合物动力学抑制剂性能评价方法的现状与展望
|
摘要
添加动力学抑制剂(Kinetic hydrate inhibitors,KHIs)是一种经济、有效且非常具有前景的输气管道防天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)堵塞的解决方案,但目前KHIs在国内油气田中还没有得到大规模的应用,因而对其仍需加强开发和性能评价研究。为此,从水合物形成的原理出发,重新总结了KHIs的分类,并分析了过温压变化诱导时间法、晶体生长抑制法(Crystal Growth Inhibition,CGI法)、微观力法以及模拟循环管路法等13种水合物抑制剂性能评价方法的优缺点,形成了一套可以解决不同方法及设备之间评价效果可对比度差以及与实际应用效果差距大等问题的方法。研究结果表明:(1)水合物成核阶段的评价方法包括温压变化诱导时间法、可视观测诱导时间法、过冷度法;(2)水合物生长阶段的评价方法包括温压变化生长速率法、可视观测生长形态法、CGI法、微观力法;(3)成核和生成两个阶段共同的评价方法包括水含量法、组分变化法、微分扫描量热法、超声波法、激光法、电导率法等。并提出了KHIs评价方法的未来发展方向和建议:(1)把多种方法有机结合,多角度(声、光、电、热、力等性质)、多尺度(宏观、微观、介观、纳观等)、多指标(过冷度、诱导时间、生长速率等)及其组合评价将会成为未来更真实、更全面、更准确评价KHIs的发展方向;(2)应将更多的精力集中在KHIs的机理研究上,利用更多先进设备、设计相关实验,验证并发现其作用机理,以指导开发性能更优越的KHIs。
Kinetic hydrate inhibitors(KHIs) are a kind of economical, effective and promising technology to remove the blockage of gas hydrate in gas pipelines. So far, however, KHIs have not been applied extensively in domestic oil and gas fields. Therefore, it is in an urgent need to strengthen KHIs development and performance evaluation studies. In this paper, the classification of KHIs was summarized again based on the hydrate formation principles. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of 13 hydrate inhibitor evaluation methods were analyzed, e.g. KHI induction time influenced by temperature and pressure, crystal growth inhibition method(CGI), microscopic kinetics method and circulation conduit simulation method. And accordingly, a set of methods were developed which can improve the value for comparison between the evaluation results from different methods and equipments and reduce the gaps between evaluation and actual application results. And the following research results were obtained. First, the evaluation methods used in the stage of hydrate nucleation include KHI induction time influenced by temperature and pressure, visual observation for induction time method, and sub-cooling degree method. Second, the evaluation methods used in the stage of hydrate growth include the growth rates influenced by temperature and pressure change, visual observation for growth morphology, CGI method, and microscopic kinetics method. Third, the methods used in both stages include water content method, composition change method, differential scanning calorimeter method, ultrasonic measurement method, laser measuring method, electro-conductibility method and so on. Finally, the development directions and suggestions on KHIs evaluation methods were proposed as follows. First, many methods shall be combined organically. Multi-perspective(sound, light, electricity, heat, kinetics and other properties), multi-scale(macroscopic, microcosmic, mesoscopic, and nanoscopic) and multi-index(sub-cooling degree, induction time, growth rate) and their combination will be the future development direction of KHIs evaluation methods with more authentic, comprehensive and accurate evaluation. Second, it is necessary to pay more attention to investigating the mechanisms of KHIs and figuring out and verifying its mechanisms by using more advanced equipments and designing the related experiments to provide a guidance for the development of more superior KHIs.
Kinetic hydrate inhibitors(KHIs) are a kind of economical, effective and promising technology to remove the blockage of gas hydrate in gas pipelines. So far, however, KHIs have not been applied extensively in domestic oil and gas fields. Therefore, it is in an urgent need to strengthen KHIs development and performance evaluation studies. In this paper, the classification of KHIs was summarized again based on the hydrate formation principles. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of 13 hydrate inhibitor evaluation methods were analyzed, e.g. KHI induction time influenced by temperature and pressure, crystal growth inhibition method(CGI), microscopic kinetics method and circulation conduit simulation method. And accordingly, a set of methods were developed which can improve the value for comparison between the evaluation results from different methods and equipments and reduce the gaps between evaluation and actual application results. And the following research results were obtained. First, the evaluation methods used in the stage of hydrate nucleation include KHI induction time influenced by temperature and pressure, visual observation for induction time method, and sub-cooling degree method. Second, the evaluation methods used in the stage of hydrate growth include the growth rates influenced by temperature and pressure change, visual observation for growth morphology, CGI method, and microscopic kinetics method. Third, the methods used in both stages include water content method, composition change method, differential scanning calorimeter method, ultrasonic measurement method, laser measuring method, electro-conductibility method and so on. Finally, the development directions and suggestions on KHIs evaluation methods were proposed as follows. First, many methods shall be combined organically. Multi-perspective(sound, light, electricity, heat, kinetics and other properties), multi-scale(macroscopic, microcosmic, mesoscopic, and nanoscopic) and multi-index(sub-cooling degree, induction time, growth rate) and their combination will be the future development direction of KHIs evaluation methods with more authentic, comprehensive and accurate evaluation. Second, it is necessary to pay more attention to investigating the mechanisms of KHIs and figuring out and verifying its mechanisms by using more advanced equipments and designing the related experiments to provide a guidance for the development of more superior KHIs.
引文
[1]Greaves D, Boxall J, Mulligan J, Sloan ED&Koh CA. Hydrate formation from high water content-crude oil emulsions[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2008, 63(18):4570-4579.
[2]Moradpour H, Chapoy A&Tohidi B. Bimodal model for predicting the emulsion-hydrate mixture viscosity in high water cut systems[J]. Fuel, 2011, 90(11):3343-3351.
[3]Gao Shuqiang. Investigation of interactions between gas hydrates and several other flow assurance elements[J]. Energy&Fuels,2008, 22(5):3150-3153.
[4]樊栓狮,刘建辉,郎雪梅,王燕鸿.气体水合物及其衍生技术的研究进展[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,40(11):37-44.Fan Shuanshi, Liu Jianhui, Lang Xuemei&Wang Yanhong.Research progress of gas hydrates and hydrate-based technologies[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2012, 40(11):37-44.
[5]奎明清,胡望水,李瑜,沈润凯,曹继华.柴达木盆地涩北二号生物气田微构造对气藏气水分布动态变化的控制[J].天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(5):696-702.Kui Mingqing, Hu Wangshui, Li Yu, Shen Runkai&Cao Jihua.The effect of mini-structure on the dynamic variation of gas and water distribution in Sebei II Gasfield, Qaidam Basin, China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(5):696-702.
[6]Haghighi H, Chapoy A, Burgess R&Tohidi B. Experimental and thermodynamic modelling of systems containing water and ethylene glycol:Application to flow assurance and gas processing[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2009, 276(1):24-30.
[7]Perrin A, Musa OM&Steed JW. The chemistry of low dosage clathrate hydrate inhibitors[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2013,42(5):1996-2015.
[8]Creek JL. Efficient hydrate plug prevention[J]. Energy&Fuels,2012, 26(7):4112-4116.
[9]孙慧翠,王韧,王建华,徐显广,宁伏龙,郭东东,等.不同分子量聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对四氢呋喃水合物形成及生长的影响[J].天然气工业, 2018, 38(5):125-132.Sun Huicui, Wang Ren, Wang Jianhua, Xu Xianguang, Ning Fulong,Guo Dongdong, et al. Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone with different molecular weights on the formation and growth of tetrahydrofuran hydrate[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(5):125-132.
[10]周诗岽,于雪薇,江坤,于小林,边慧,陈小康.蜡晶析出对天然气水合物生成动力学特性的影响[J].天然气工业, 2018,38(3):103-109.Zhou Shidong, Yu Xuewei, Jiang Kun, Yu Xiaolin, Bian Hui&Chen Xiaokang. Effect of wax crystal precipitation on the kinetic characteristics of hydrate formation[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2018, 38(3):103-109.
[11]史博会,柴帅,柳扬,丁麟,宋尚飞,吴海浩,等.含蜡晶天然气水合物浆液黏度的影响因素[J].天然气工业, 2017, 37(5):97-105.Shi Bohui, Chai Shuai, Liu Yang, Ding Lin, Song Shangfei, Wu Haihao, et al. Factors influencing the viscosity of natural gas hydrate slurry with wax crystal[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017,37(5):97-105.
[12]毕曼,贾增强,吴红钦,吴付洋.天然气水合物抑制剂研究与应用进展[J].天然气工业, 2009, 29(12):75-78.Bi Man, Jia Zengqiang, Wu Hongqin&Wu Fuyang. Update progress in research and application of natural gas hydrate inhibitor[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(12):75-78.
[13]胡耀强,何飞,刘婷婷,张书勤.动力学型天然气水合物抑制剂研究进展[J].现代化工, 2015, 35(3):59-61.Hu Yaoqiang, He Fei, Liu Tingting&Zhang Shuqin. Progress of kinetic inhibitor for natural gas hydrate[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2015, 35(3):59-61.
[14]胡军,王燕鸿,郎雪梅,杜娟,李清平,樊栓狮.新型复合水合物抑制剂的合成与应用[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2012,42(3):304-310.Hu Jun, Wang Yanhong, Lang Xuemei, Du Juan, Li Qingping&Fan Shuanshi. Synthesis and application of a novel combined kinetic hydrate inhibitor[J]. Scientia Sinica(Technologica), 2012,42(3):304-310.
[15]Kelland MA. History of the development of low dosage hydrate inhibitors[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2006, 20(3):825-847.
[16]王守峰.天然气水合物动力学抑制剂的研究现状[J].油气田地面工程, 2013, 32(9):54-55.Wang Shoufeng. The current research status of natural gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors[J]. Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering,2013, 32(9):54-55.
[17]刘书杰,李相方,邢希金,周建良.新型天然气水合物动力学抑制剂的研制与性能评价[J].中国海上油气, 2015, 27(6):69-73.Liu Shujie, Li Xiangfang, Xing Xijin&Zhou Jianliang. Development and performance evaluation of a new kinetic hydrate inhibitor[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2015, 27(6):69-73.
[18]陈光进,孙长宇,马庆兰.气体水合物科学与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2008.Chen Guangjin, Sun Changyu&Ma Qinglan. Science and technology of gas hydrate[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2008.
[19]Kamal MS, Hussein IA, Sultan AS&Solms NV. Application of various water soluble polymers in gas hydrate inhibition[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 60:206-225.
[20]樊栓狮,王燕鸿,郎雪梅.天然气水合物动力学抑制技术研究进展[J].天然气工业, 2011, 31(12):99-109.Fan Shuanshi, Wang Yanhong&Lang Xuemei. Progress in the research of kinetic hydrate inhibitors[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2011, 31(12):99-109.
[21]赵欣,邱正松,江琳,孔祥云.动力学抑制剂作用下天然气水合物生成过程的实验分析[J].天然气工业, 2014, 34(2):105-110.Zhao Xin, Qiu Zhengsong, Jiang Lin&Kong Xiangyun. An experimental analysis of natural gas hydrate formation at the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(2):105-110.
[22]Urdahl O, Lund A, Mk P&Nilsen TN. Inhibition of gas hydrate formation by means of chemical additives—I. Development of an experimental set-up for characterization of gas hydrate inhibitor efficiency with respect to flow properties and deposition[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1995, 50(5):863-870.
[23]Makogon TY&Sloan ED. Mechanism of kinetic hydrate inhibitors[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrates, May 2002, Yokohama, Japan, 2002:498-503.
[24]Anderson BJ, Tester JW, Borghi GP&Trout BL. Properties of inhibitors of methane hydrate formation via molecular dynamics simulations[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005,127(50):17852-17862.
[25]Kuznetsova T, Sapronova A, Kvamme B, Johannsen K&Haug J.Impact of low-dosage inhibitors on clathrate hydrate stability[C]//Macromolecular Symposia, January 2010, Wiley-VCH Verlag,2010, 287(1):168-176.
[26]Zhang JS, Lo C, Couzis A, Somasundaran P, Wu J&Lee JW. Adsorption of kinetic inhibitors on clathrate hydrates[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(40):17418-17420.
[27]Talley LD, Edwards M. First low dosage hydrate inhibitor is field proven in deepwater[J]. Pipeline&Gas Journal, 1999, 226(3):44-46.
[28]Daraboina N, Ripmeester J, Walker VK&Englezos P. Natural gas hydrate formation and decomposition in the presence of kinetic inhibitors. 1. High pressure calorimetry[J]. Energy&Fuels,2011, 25(10):4392-4397.
[29]孙力,董坚.天然气水合物抑制剂用高分子研究进展[J].高分子通报, 2014(10):69-76.Sun Li&Dong Jian. Recent progress in polymers as kinetic hydrate inhibitors[J]. Chinese Polymer Bulletin, 2014(10):69-76.
[30]Sa JH, Lee BR, Park DH, Han K, Chun HD&Lee KH. Amino acids as natural inhibitors for hydrate formation in CO2 sequestration[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2011, 45(13):5885-5891.
[31]Sa JH, Kwak GH, Lee BR, Park DH, Han K&Lee KH. Hydrophobic amino acids as a new class of kinetic inhibitors for gas hydrate formation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2013(3):2428.
[32]Xu Shurui, Fan Shuanshi, Fang Songtian, Lang Xuemei, Wang Yanhong&Chen Jun. Pectin as an extraordinary natural kinetic hydrate inhibitor[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:23220.
[33]Sa JH, Kwak GH, Han K, Ahn D&Lee KH. Gas hydrate inhibition by perturbation of liquid water structure[J]. Scientific Reports,2015, 5:11526.
[34]Tariq M, Rooney D, Othman E, Aparicio S, Atilhan M&Khraisheh M. Gas hydrate inhibition:a review of the role of ionic liquids[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014, 53(46):17855-17868.
[35]Xiao Chongwei, Wibisono N&Adidharma H. Dialkylimidazolium halide ionic liquids as dual function inhibitors for methane hydrate[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2010, 65(10):3080-3087.
[36]王守全,刘胜利,谢欢欢,杜胜男,吴尚书,武壮.天然气水合物抑制技术研究分析[J].当代化工, 2016, 45(3):633-635.Wang Shouquan, Liu Shengli, Xie Huanhuan, Du Shengnan, Wu Shangshu&Wu Zhuang. Research and analysis of gas hydrateinhibition technology[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2016,45(3):633-635.
[37]闫晓艳,郝红,王凯,樊安.复合型天然气水合物抑制剂的研究进展[J].石油化工, 2013, 42(11):1286-1292.Yan Xiaoyan, Hao Hong, Wang Kai&Fan An. Progresses in compound gas hydrate inhibitors[J]. Petrochemical Technology,2013, 42(11):1286-1292.
[38]Cohen JM, Wolf PF&Young WD. Enhanced hydrate inhibitors:Powerful synergism with glycol ethers[J]. Energy&Fuels, 1998,12(2):216-218.
[39]Mozaffar H, Anderson R&Tohidi B. Effect of alcohols and diols on PVCap-induced hydrate crystal growth patterns in methane systems[J]. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2016, 425:1-8.
[40]王涛,李清平,姚海元,余敏. LDHI与MeOH联合应用于深水油田冷启动方法分析[C]//第十五届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会论文集(下).北京:中国海洋学会, 2011.Wang Tao, Li Qingping, Yao Haiyuan, Yu Min. Analysis of the cold onset method when LDHI combined with MeOH used in deepwater field[C]//Proceedings of the 15th China Ocean(Shore)Engineering Symposium, Beijing:Chinese Society for Oceanography,2011.
[41]Saikia T&Mahto V. Experimental investigations of clathrate hydrate inhibition in water based drilling fluid using green inhibitor[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2016, 147:647-653.
[42]González YVR. Tetrahydrofuran and natural gas hydrates formation in the presence of various inhibitors[D]. Perth:Curtin University of Technology, 2011.
[43]Mady MF&Kelland MA. Tris(tert-heptyl)-N-alkyl-1-ammonium bromides—Powerful THF hydrate crystal growth inhibitors and their synergism with poly-vinylcaprolactam kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2016, 144:275-282.
[44]Villano LD&Kelland MA. Tetrahydrofuran hydrate crystal growth inhibition by hyperbranched poly(ester amide)s[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2009, 64(13):3197-3200.
[45]Hase A, Cadger S, Meiklejohn T&Smith R. Comparison of different testing techniques for the evaluation of low dosage hydrate inhibitor performance[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates. 28 July-1 August 2014, Beijing,China.
[46]Cook S, Garza T, Jardine J&Smith C. Investigation of laboratory scale equipment for kinetic hydrate inhibitors evaluation[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates. 28July-1 August 2014, Beijing, China.
[47]李保耀.天然气水合物动力学抑制剂的动态评价实验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2016.Li Baoyao. Studies of gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors by dynamic evaluation method[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology, 2016.
[48]Chen Jun, Yan Kele, Chen Guangjin, Sun Changyu, Liu Bei, Ren Ning, et al. Insights into the formation mechanism of hydrate plugging in pipelines[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2015,122:284-290.
[49]郭凯.天然气水合物动力学抑制剂协同剂的研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京), 2016.Guo Kai. Study on synergists of kinetic inhibitors for natural gas hydrate[D]. Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),2016.
[50]Perfeldt CM, Daraboina N, Solms NV, Chua PC, Kelland MA,Friis D, et al. Inhibition of gas hydrate formation with a hyperactive insect antifreeze protein[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates. 28 July-1 August 2014,Beijing, China.
[51]Anderson R, Mozaffar H&Tohidi B. Application of a new crystal growth inhibition based KHI evaluation method to commercial formulation assessment[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates, July 2011, Edinburgh:Domestic Organizing Committee ICGH-7, 2011:17-21.
[52]胡军.水合物动力学抑制剂的合成和性能研究及应用[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2012.Hu Jun. Synthesis, performance and application of kinetic hydrate inhibitors[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2012.
[53]Lee BR, Koh CA&Sum AK. Development of a high pressure micromechanical force apparatus[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments,2014, 85(9):353.
[54]Yang Jinhai, Chapoy A, Mazloum S&Tohidi B. A novel technique for monitoring hydrate safety margin[J]. SPE Production&Operations, 2012, 27(4):376-381.
[55]Daraboina N, Ripmeester J, Walker VK&Englezos P. Natural gas hydrate formation and decomposition in the presence of kinetic inhibitors. 3. Structural and compositional changes[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2011, 25(10):4398-4404.
[56]Koh CA, Westacott RE, Zhang W, Hirachand K, Creek JL&Soper AK. Mechanisms of gas hydrate formation and inhibition[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2002, 194:143-151.
[57]Yang Jinhai&Tohidi B. Characterization of inhibition mechanisms of kinetic hydrate inhibitors using ultrasonic test technique[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2011, 66(3):278-283.
[58]闫柯乐,邹兵,姜素霞,孙长宇,马明,高翔,等.联用型水合物抑制剂在油水体系内抑制机理初探[J].合成材料老化与应用, 2015, 44(5):77-83.Yan Kele, Zou Bing, Jiang Suxia, Sun Changyu, Ma Ming, Gao Xiang, et al. Insight into the inhibition mechanism of combined Hydrate inhibitor in oil-water system[J]. Synthetic Materials Aging and Application, 2015, 44(5):77-83.
[59]包玲.酰胺类水合物动力学抑制剂分子模拟研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2014.Bao Ling. Molecular simulation study on kinetic hydrate inhibitors containing amide group[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology, 2014.
[60]胥萍.天然产物类水合物动力学抑制剂分子模拟研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2016.Xu Ping. Molecular Simulation study on kinetic hydrate inhibitors with natural products[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology, 2016.
[61]Luis DP, Herrera-Hernández EC&Saint-Martin H. A theoretical study of the dissociation of the sI methane hydrate induced by an external electric field[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics, 2015,143(20):204503.
[62]Rojey A. Process and system using an electromagnetic wave to prevent formation of hydrates:US 5625178[P]. 1997.
[2]Moradpour H, Chapoy A&Tohidi B. Bimodal model for predicting the emulsion-hydrate mixture viscosity in high water cut systems[J]. Fuel, 2011, 90(11):3343-3351.
[3]Gao Shuqiang. Investigation of interactions between gas hydrates and several other flow assurance elements[J]. Energy&Fuels,2008, 22(5):3150-3153.
[4]樊栓狮,刘建辉,郎雪梅,王燕鸿.气体水合物及其衍生技术的研究进展[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,40(11):37-44.Fan Shuanshi, Liu Jianhui, Lang Xuemei&Wang Yanhong.Research progress of gas hydrates and hydrate-based technologies[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2012, 40(11):37-44.
[5]奎明清,胡望水,李瑜,沈润凯,曹继华.柴达木盆地涩北二号生物气田微构造对气藏气水分布动态变化的控制[J].天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(5):696-702.Kui Mingqing, Hu Wangshui, Li Yu, Shen Runkai&Cao Jihua.The effect of mini-structure on the dynamic variation of gas and water distribution in Sebei II Gasfield, Qaidam Basin, China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(5):696-702.
[6]Haghighi H, Chapoy A, Burgess R&Tohidi B. Experimental and thermodynamic modelling of systems containing water and ethylene glycol:Application to flow assurance and gas processing[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2009, 276(1):24-30.
[7]Perrin A, Musa OM&Steed JW. The chemistry of low dosage clathrate hydrate inhibitors[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2013,42(5):1996-2015.
[8]Creek JL. Efficient hydrate plug prevention[J]. Energy&Fuels,2012, 26(7):4112-4116.
[9]孙慧翠,王韧,王建华,徐显广,宁伏龙,郭东东,等.不同分子量聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对四氢呋喃水合物形成及生长的影响[J].天然气工业, 2018, 38(5):125-132.Sun Huicui, Wang Ren, Wang Jianhua, Xu Xianguang, Ning Fulong,Guo Dongdong, et al. Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone with different molecular weights on the formation and growth of tetrahydrofuran hydrate[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(5):125-132.
[10]周诗岽,于雪薇,江坤,于小林,边慧,陈小康.蜡晶析出对天然气水合物生成动力学特性的影响[J].天然气工业, 2018,38(3):103-109.Zhou Shidong, Yu Xuewei, Jiang Kun, Yu Xiaolin, Bian Hui&Chen Xiaokang. Effect of wax crystal precipitation on the kinetic characteristics of hydrate formation[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2018, 38(3):103-109.
[11]史博会,柴帅,柳扬,丁麟,宋尚飞,吴海浩,等.含蜡晶天然气水合物浆液黏度的影响因素[J].天然气工业, 2017, 37(5):97-105.Shi Bohui, Chai Shuai, Liu Yang, Ding Lin, Song Shangfei, Wu Haihao, et al. Factors influencing the viscosity of natural gas hydrate slurry with wax crystal[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017,37(5):97-105.
[12]毕曼,贾增强,吴红钦,吴付洋.天然气水合物抑制剂研究与应用进展[J].天然气工业, 2009, 29(12):75-78.Bi Man, Jia Zengqiang, Wu Hongqin&Wu Fuyang. Update progress in research and application of natural gas hydrate inhibitor[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(12):75-78.
[13]胡耀强,何飞,刘婷婷,张书勤.动力学型天然气水合物抑制剂研究进展[J].现代化工, 2015, 35(3):59-61.Hu Yaoqiang, He Fei, Liu Tingting&Zhang Shuqin. Progress of kinetic inhibitor for natural gas hydrate[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2015, 35(3):59-61.
[14]胡军,王燕鸿,郎雪梅,杜娟,李清平,樊栓狮.新型复合水合物抑制剂的合成与应用[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2012,42(3):304-310.Hu Jun, Wang Yanhong, Lang Xuemei, Du Juan, Li Qingping&Fan Shuanshi. Synthesis and application of a novel combined kinetic hydrate inhibitor[J]. Scientia Sinica(Technologica), 2012,42(3):304-310.
[15]Kelland MA. History of the development of low dosage hydrate inhibitors[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2006, 20(3):825-847.
[16]王守峰.天然气水合物动力学抑制剂的研究现状[J].油气田地面工程, 2013, 32(9):54-55.Wang Shoufeng. The current research status of natural gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors[J]. Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering,2013, 32(9):54-55.
[17]刘书杰,李相方,邢希金,周建良.新型天然气水合物动力学抑制剂的研制与性能评价[J].中国海上油气, 2015, 27(6):69-73.Liu Shujie, Li Xiangfang, Xing Xijin&Zhou Jianliang. Development and performance evaluation of a new kinetic hydrate inhibitor[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2015, 27(6):69-73.
[18]陈光进,孙长宇,马庆兰.气体水合物科学与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2008.Chen Guangjin, Sun Changyu&Ma Qinglan. Science and technology of gas hydrate[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2008.
[19]Kamal MS, Hussein IA, Sultan AS&Solms NV. Application of various water soluble polymers in gas hydrate inhibition[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 60:206-225.
[20]樊栓狮,王燕鸿,郎雪梅.天然气水合物动力学抑制技术研究进展[J].天然气工业, 2011, 31(12):99-109.Fan Shuanshi, Wang Yanhong&Lang Xuemei. Progress in the research of kinetic hydrate inhibitors[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2011, 31(12):99-109.
[21]赵欣,邱正松,江琳,孔祥云.动力学抑制剂作用下天然气水合物生成过程的实验分析[J].天然气工业, 2014, 34(2):105-110.Zhao Xin, Qiu Zhengsong, Jiang Lin&Kong Xiangyun. An experimental analysis of natural gas hydrate formation at the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(2):105-110.
[22]Urdahl O, Lund A, Mk P&Nilsen TN. Inhibition of gas hydrate formation by means of chemical additives—I. Development of an experimental set-up for characterization of gas hydrate inhibitor efficiency with respect to flow properties and deposition[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1995, 50(5):863-870.
[23]Makogon TY&Sloan ED. Mechanism of kinetic hydrate inhibitors[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrates, May 2002, Yokohama, Japan, 2002:498-503.
[24]Anderson BJ, Tester JW, Borghi GP&Trout BL. Properties of inhibitors of methane hydrate formation via molecular dynamics simulations[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005,127(50):17852-17862.
[25]Kuznetsova T, Sapronova A, Kvamme B, Johannsen K&Haug J.Impact of low-dosage inhibitors on clathrate hydrate stability[C]//Macromolecular Symposia, January 2010, Wiley-VCH Verlag,2010, 287(1):168-176.
[26]Zhang JS, Lo C, Couzis A, Somasundaran P, Wu J&Lee JW. Adsorption of kinetic inhibitors on clathrate hydrates[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(40):17418-17420.
[27]Talley LD, Edwards M. First low dosage hydrate inhibitor is field proven in deepwater[J]. Pipeline&Gas Journal, 1999, 226(3):44-46.
[28]Daraboina N, Ripmeester J, Walker VK&Englezos P. Natural gas hydrate formation and decomposition in the presence of kinetic inhibitors. 1. High pressure calorimetry[J]. Energy&Fuels,2011, 25(10):4392-4397.
[29]孙力,董坚.天然气水合物抑制剂用高分子研究进展[J].高分子通报, 2014(10):69-76.Sun Li&Dong Jian. Recent progress in polymers as kinetic hydrate inhibitors[J]. Chinese Polymer Bulletin, 2014(10):69-76.
[30]Sa JH, Lee BR, Park DH, Han K, Chun HD&Lee KH. Amino acids as natural inhibitors for hydrate formation in CO2 sequestration[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2011, 45(13):5885-5891.
[31]Sa JH, Kwak GH, Lee BR, Park DH, Han K&Lee KH. Hydrophobic amino acids as a new class of kinetic inhibitors for gas hydrate formation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2013(3):2428.
[32]Xu Shurui, Fan Shuanshi, Fang Songtian, Lang Xuemei, Wang Yanhong&Chen Jun. Pectin as an extraordinary natural kinetic hydrate inhibitor[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:23220.
[33]Sa JH, Kwak GH, Han K, Ahn D&Lee KH. Gas hydrate inhibition by perturbation of liquid water structure[J]. Scientific Reports,2015, 5:11526.
[34]Tariq M, Rooney D, Othman E, Aparicio S, Atilhan M&Khraisheh M. Gas hydrate inhibition:a review of the role of ionic liquids[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014, 53(46):17855-17868.
[35]Xiao Chongwei, Wibisono N&Adidharma H. Dialkylimidazolium halide ionic liquids as dual function inhibitors for methane hydrate[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2010, 65(10):3080-3087.
[36]王守全,刘胜利,谢欢欢,杜胜男,吴尚书,武壮.天然气水合物抑制技术研究分析[J].当代化工, 2016, 45(3):633-635.Wang Shouquan, Liu Shengli, Xie Huanhuan, Du Shengnan, Wu Shangshu&Wu Zhuang. Research and analysis of gas hydrateinhibition technology[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2016,45(3):633-635.
[37]闫晓艳,郝红,王凯,樊安.复合型天然气水合物抑制剂的研究进展[J].石油化工, 2013, 42(11):1286-1292.Yan Xiaoyan, Hao Hong, Wang Kai&Fan An. Progresses in compound gas hydrate inhibitors[J]. Petrochemical Technology,2013, 42(11):1286-1292.
[38]Cohen JM, Wolf PF&Young WD. Enhanced hydrate inhibitors:Powerful synergism with glycol ethers[J]. Energy&Fuels, 1998,12(2):216-218.
[39]Mozaffar H, Anderson R&Tohidi B. Effect of alcohols and diols on PVCap-induced hydrate crystal growth patterns in methane systems[J]. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2016, 425:1-8.
[40]王涛,李清平,姚海元,余敏. LDHI与MeOH联合应用于深水油田冷启动方法分析[C]//第十五届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会论文集(下).北京:中国海洋学会, 2011.Wang Tao, Li Qingping, Yao Haiyuan, Yu Min. Analysis of the cold onset method when LDHI combined with MeOH used in deepwater field[C]//Proceedings of the 15th China Ocean(Shore)Engineering Symposium, Beijing:Chinese Society for Oceanography,2011.
[41]Saikia T&Mahto V. Experimental investigations of clathrate hydrate inhibition in water based drilling fluid using green inhibitor[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2016, 147:647-653.
[42]González YVR. Tetrahydrofuran and natural gas hydrates formation in the presence of various inhibitors[D]. Perth:Curtin University of Technology, 2011.
[43]Mady MF&Kelland MA. Tris(tert-heptyl)-N-alkyl-1-ammonium bromides—Powerful THF hydrate crystal growth inhibitors and their synergism with poly-vinylcaprolactam kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2016, 144:275-282.
[44]Villano LD&Kelland MA. Tetrahydrofuran hydrate crystal growth inhibition by hyperbranched poly(ester amide)s[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2009, 64(13):3197-3200.
[45]Hase A, Cadger S, Meiklejohn T&Smith R. Comparison of different testing techniques for the evaluation of low dosage hydrate inhibitor performance[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates. 28 July-1 August 2014, Beijing,China.
[46]Cook S, Garza T, Jardine J&Smith C. Investigation of laboratory scale equipment for kinetic hydrate inhibitors evaluation[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates. 28July-1 August 2014, Beijing, China.
[47]李保耀.天然气水合物动力学抑制剂的动态评价实验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2016.Li Baoyao. Studies of gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors by dynamic evaluation method[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology, 2016.
[48]Chen Jun, Yan Kele, Chen Guangjin, Sun Changyu, Liu Bei, Ren Ning, et al. Insights into the formation mechanism of hydrate plugging in pipelines[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2015,122:284-290.
[49]郭凯.天然气水合物动力学抑制剂协同剂的研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京), 2016.Guo Kai. Study on synergists of kinetic inhibitors for natural gas hydrate[D]. Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),2016.
[50]Perfeldt CM, Daraboina N, Solms NV, Chua PC, Kelland MA,Friis D, et al. Inhibition of gas hydrate formation with a hyperactive insect antifreeze protein[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates. 28 July-1 August 2014,Beijing, China.
[51]Anderson R, Mozaffar H&Tohidi B. Application of a new crystal growth inhibition based KHI evaluation method to commercial formulation assessment[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates, July 2011, Edinburgh:Domestic Organizing Committee ICGH-7, 2011:17-21.
[52]胡军.水合物动力学抑制剂的合成和性能研究及应用[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2012.Hu Jun. Synthesis, performance and application of kinetic hydrate inhibitors[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2012.
[53]Lee BR, Koh CA&Sum AK. Development of a high pressure micromechanical force apparatus[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments,2014, 85(9):353.
[54]Yang Jinhai, Chapoy A, Mazloum S&Tohidi B. A novel technique for monitoring hydrate safety margin[J]. SPE Production&Operations, 2012, 27(4):376-381.
[55]Daraboina N, Ripmeester J, Walker VK&Englezos P. Natural gas hydrate formation and decomposition in the presence of kinetic inhibitors. 3. Structural and compositional changes[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2011, 25(10):4398-4404.
[56]Koh CA, Westacott RE, Zhang W, Hirachand K, Creek JL&Soper AK. Mechanisms of gas hydrate formation and inhibition[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2002, 194:143-151.
[57]Yang Jinhai&Tohidi B. Characterization of inhibition mechanisms of kinetic hydrate inhibitors using ultrasonic test technique[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2011, 66(3):278-283.
[58]闫柯乐,邹兵,姜素霞,孙长宇,马明,高翔,等.联用型水合物抑制剂在油水体系内抑制机理初探[J].合成材料老化与应用, 2015, 44(5):77-83.Yan Kele, Zou Bing, Jiang Suxia, Sun Changyu, Ma Ming, Gao Xiang, et al. Insight into the inhibition mechanism of combined Hydrate inhibitor in oil-water system[J]. Synthetic Materials Aging and Application, 2015, 44(5):77-83.
[59]包玲.酰胺类水合物动力学抑制剂分子模拟研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2014.Bao Ling. Molecular simulation study on kinetic hydrate inhibitors containing amide group[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology, 2014.
[60]胥萍.天然产物类水合物动力学抑制剂分子模拟研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2016.Xu Ping. Molecular Simulation study on kinetic hydrate inhibitors with natural products[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology, 2016.
[61]Luis DP, Herrera-Hernández EC&Saint-Martin H. A theoretical study of the dissociation of the sI methane hydrate induced by an external electric field[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics, 2015,143(20):204503.
[62]Rojey A. Process and system using an electromagnetic wave to prevent formation of hydrates:US 5625178[P]. 1997.