油气管道全生命周期安全监测预警探析
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摘要
基于国内外油气管道安全事故统计分析,指出管道事故主要致因为外部干扰、腐蚀、材料失效以及自然灾害,其中第三方损坏是我国管道失效事故首要因素,提出应开展全生命周期管道安全监测预警进行风险防控,从源头做好风险防控和失效防护;分析国内外管道安全监测预警技术与管理现状,探讨监测预警技术对全生命周期管道安全监测预警的适用性、可行性、经济性,提出光纤传感、声波、视频安防、地质灾害监测、腐蚀监测等对油气管道风险防控具有较高的适用性和经济性;应加强管道安全预警技术性能评估方法和适用性准则研究,建立涵盖技术选择、系统设计、建设施工、运行评价的综合监测预警管理体系和运行机制,并有效纳入管道完整性管理体系范畴。
Main reasons of pipeline accidents were analyzed based on oil and gas pipeline safety accident statistics at home and abroad, such as third party damage, natural and geological disasters, corrosion and material failure. The third party damage was the primary factor of pipeline failure in China, and the whole life cycle pipeline safety monitoring and early warning should be carried out for risk prevention and control from the sources. Current situation of pipeline safety monitoring and early warning was analyzed, as well as the applicability, feasibility and economy of various monitoring techniques, in which the optical fiber sensing monitoring, sound monitoring, video monitoring, geological disaster monitoring and corrosion monitoring were most applicable technology for full life cycle pipeline risk prevention. The research on the evaluation method and applicability criterion of pipeline safety early warning technology should be strengthened. The comprehensive monitoring and early warning management system including technology selection, system design, construction and operation evaluation should be established and effectively incorporated into the pipeline integrity management system.
Main reasons of pipeline accidents were analyzed based on oil and gas pipeline safety accident statistics at home and abroad, such as third party damage, natural and geological disasters, corrosion and material failure. The third party damage was the primary factor of pipeline failure in China, and the whole life cycle pipeline safety monitoring and early warning should be carried out for risk prevention and control from the sources. Current situation of pipeline safety monitoring and early warning was analyzed, as well as the applicability, feasibility and economy of various monitoring techniques, in which the optical fiber sensing monitoring, sound monitoring, video monitoring, geological disaster monitoring and corrosion monitoring were most applicable technology for full life cycle pipeline risk prevention. The research on the evaluation method and applicability criterion of pipeline safety early warning technology should be strengthened. The comprehensive monitoring and early warning management system including technology selection, system design, construction and operation evaluation should be established and effectively incorporated into the pipeline integrity management system.
引文
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[2]王全国,贺帅斌,党文义.油气管道安全预警技术性能评估研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(1):98-102.
[3]齐先志,杨静,王晓霖,等.国外管道失效数据库简介及参考[J].当代化工,2016,45(4):853-855.
[4]狄彦,帅健,王晓霖,等.油气管道事故原因分析及分类方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学学报,2013,23(7):109-115.
[5]高嵩,王茂廷.高压天然气管道泄漏及事故危害规律研究[J].当代化工,2017,46(1):82-85.
[6]李明,王晓霖,吕高峰,等.光纤传感及其在管道监测中应用的研究进展[J].当代化工,2014,43(1):54-57.
[7]李苏.油气管道监测技术发展现状[J].油气储运,2014,33(2):129-134.
[8]冷建成,周国强,吴泽民,等.光纤传感技术及其在管道监测中的应用[J].无损检测,2012,34(1):61-65.
[9]刘路,李新民,何岚,等.基于优化支持向量机的管道安全威胁事件识别[J].油气储运,2014,33(11):1225-1228.
[10]庄须叶,王浚璞,邓勇刚,等.光纤传感技术在管道泄漏检测中的应用与进展[J].光学技术,2011,37(5):543-550.
[11]董绍华,韩忠晨,杨毅,等.物联网技术在管道完整性管理中的应用[J].油气储运,2012,31(12):906-911.
[12]董绍华,韩忠晨,杨毅,等.管线阴极保护在线监测评价系统的研究进展[J].材料保护,2010,43(9):50-53.
[13]王立坤,王洪超,熊敏,等.长距离输油管道泄漏监测技术分析及研究建议[J].油气储运,2014,11(33):1198-1201.
[14]姜晨光,刘风军,董向明,等.滑坡集成监测系统的研制[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2005,1(6):19-24.
[15]张光华,李群,邓云峰,等.长输油气管线安全生产事故监测预警平台设计与实现[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(2):55-59.
[16]么惠全,冯伟,张照旭,等.西气东输一线管道地质灾害风险监测预警体系[J].天然气工业,2011,31(1):81-84.
[17]李秋扬,徐茂霞,王晓东,等.极化电位测量与远传技术在东黄输油老线的应用[J].油气储运,2012,31(12):906-911.
[18]吕高峰,王克强,王晓霖,等.一种穿越水域地下管道的监测方法:中国,CN201310540440.1[P].2013-11-05.