新建油气管道安全监测预警技术及标准体系
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摘要
油气管道实施监测预警有助于保证管道的安全运行,最大限度地避免事故的发生。基于油气管道危害因素分析,提出对新建油气管道实施安全监测预警可以从源头做好风险防控和失效防护,并提高监测精度和预警效率。分析了光纤、声波、视频、音波等多种安全监测预警技术对新建油气管道风险防控的适用性、可行性、经济性,探讨了基于多元传感的新建油气管道全维度监测预警系统建设,提出有必要开展管道监测预警技术体系及规范建设,建立涵盖监测预警技术选择、监测预警系统设计、与管道工程建设配套施工、全维度监测运行、安全评价预警的综合标准体系和机制,并有效纳入完整性管理体系范畴。
Monitoring and early warning on oil and gas pipelines are conducive to their safe operation and avoid pipeline accidents to the utmost. In this paper, the hazardous factors of oil and gas pipelines were investigated. It is pointed out that to carry out the safety monitoring and early warning on newly built oil and gas pipelines can perform risk control and failure prevention from the source and improve the monitoring precision and early warning efficiency. Then, the applicability, feasibility and economy of multiple safety monitoring and early warning technologies(e.g. optical fiber, acoustic wave, video and sound wave) to the risk control of newly built oil and gas pipelines were analyzed, and the establishment of multi-element sensing based all-dimension monitoring and early warning system for newly built oil and gas pipelines was discussed. It is recommended to establish the pipeline monitoring and early warning technology system and regulation, and develop the comprehensive standard system and mechanism covering the monitoring and early warning technology selection, the monitoring and early warning system design, the matching construction with pipeline engineering building, all-dimension monitoring operation and safety evaluation & early warning. And they shall be included in the category of integrity management system effectively.
Monitoring and early warning on oil and gas pipelines are conducive to their safe operation and avoid pipeline accidents to the utmost. In this paper, the hazardous factors of oil and gas pipelines were investigated. It is pointed out that to carry out the safety monitoring and early warning on newly built oil and gas pipelines can perform risk control and failure prevention from the source and improve the monitoring precision and early warning efficiency. Then, the applicability, feasibility and economy of multiple safety monitoring and early warning technologies(e.g. optical fiber, acoustic wave, video and sound wave) to the risk control of newly built oil and gas pipelines were analyzed, and the establishment of multi-element sensing based all-dimension monitoring and early warning system for newly built oil and gas pipelines was discussed. It is recommended to establish the pipeline monitoring and early warning technology system and regulation, and develop the comprehensive standard system and mechanism covering the monitoring and early warning technology selection, the monitoring and early warning system design, the matching construction with pipeline engineering building, all-dimension monitoring operation and safety evaluation & early warning. And they shall be included in the category of integrity management system effectively.
引文
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[17]王立坤,王洪超,熊敏,等.长距离输油管道泄漏监测技术分析及研究建议[J].油气储运,2014,33(11):1198-1201.WANG L K,WANG H C,XIONG M,et al.Analysis and proposal on leak detection of long-distance oil pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(11):1198-1201.
[18]黄建忠,杨永和,刘伟,等.穿越地震断裂带的管道安全监测预警系统[J].天然气工业,2013,33(12):151-157.HUANG J Z,YANG Y H,LIU W,et al.A safety monitoring and early-warning system for buried pipelines crossing seismic fault belts[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(12):151-157.
[19]吕高峰,王克强,王晓霖,等.一种穿越水域地下管道的监测方法:CN201310540440.1[P].2013-11-05.LYU G F,WANG K Q,WANG X L,et al.A monitoring method for underground pipelines through the waters:CN201310540440.1[P].2013-11-05.
[20]何莎,彭星煜,吴云冬,等.天然气管道滑坡位移监测技术及应用[J].中国测试,2016,42(9):15-20.HE S,PENG X Y,WU Y D,et al.Technology for landslide displacement monitoring along gas pipeline and application[J].China Measurement&Test,2016,42(9):15-20.
[21]吴家勇,李海娜,王立坤,等.管道泄漏监测系统的性能评价指标[J].油气储运,2017,36(2):209-213.WU J Y,LI H N,WANG L K,et al.Performance evaluation indices of pipeline leak monitoring systems[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(2):209-213.
[22]任亮,程祥,姜涛.基于光纤光栅应变箍传感器的管道局部腐蚀监测[J].油气储运,2017,36(3):303-309.REN L,CHENG X,JIANG T.Local pipeline corrosion monitoring based on FBG hoop strain sensor[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(3):303-309.
[2]GIRGIN S,KRAUSMANN E.Historical analysis of U.S.onshore hazardous liquid pipeline accidents triggered by natural hazards[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,40:578-590.
[3]QU Z G,WANG Y F,YUE H H,et al.Study on the natural gas pipeline safety monitoring technique and the time-frequency signal analysis method[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2017,47:1-9.
[4]周建新,吴轩,郭再富.美国管道事故对我国油气管道安全的启示[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(增刊1):73-78.ZHOU J X,WU X,GUO Z F.Enlightenment from incidents of oil and gas pipeline in USA[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(S1):73-78.
[5]狄彦,帅健,王晓霖,等.油气管道事故原因分析及分类方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学学报,2013,23(7):109-115.DI Y,SHUAI J,WANG X L,et al.Study on methods for classifying oil&gas pipeline incidents[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(7):109-115.
[6]陈梁,王永强.国内外天然气管道事故及应对措施[C].青岛:第二届CCPS中国过程安全会议,2014:268-272.CHEN L,WANG Y Q.Home and abroad natural gas pipeline accidents and countermeasures[C].Qingdao:2nd CCPS China Conference on Process Safety,2014:268-272.
[7]冯庆善.管道完整性管理实践与思考[J].油气储运,2014,33(3):229-232.FENG Q S.Practice and cogitation on pipeline integrity management[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(3):229-232.
[8]崔涛,冯庆善,杨祖佩,等.新建管道完整性管理理念探索[J].油气储运,2008,27(10):4-8.CUI T,FENG Q S,YANG Z P,et al.Exploration on the concept of integrity management for new pipeline design and construction[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2008,27(10):4-8.
[9]EZE J,NWAGBOSO C,GEORGAKIS P.Framework for integrated oil pipeline monitoring and incident mitigation systems[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2017,47:44-52.
[10]李明,王晓霖,吕高峰,等.光纤传感及其在管道监测中应用的研究进展[J].当代化工,2014,43(1):54-57.LI M,WANG X L,LYU G F,et al.Development and application of optical fiber sensing technology in pipeline monitoring[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2014,43(1):54-57.
[11]李苏.油气管道监测技术发展现状[J].油气储运,2014,33(2):129-134.LI S.Current situation of oil/gas pipeline monitoring technologies[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(2):129-134.
[12]冷建成,周国强,吴泽民,等.光纤传感技术及其在管道监测中的应用[J].无损检测,2012,34(1):61-65.LENG J C,ZHOU G Q,WU Z M,et al.Optical fiber sensing technology and its applications in pipeline monitoring[J].Nondestructive Testing,2012,34(1):61-65.
[13]刘路,李新民,何岚,等.基于优化支持向量机的管道安全威胁事件识别[J].油气储运,2014,33(11):1225-1228.LIU L,LI X M,HE L,et al.Identification of threats to pipeline based on optimized support vector machine[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(11):1225-1228.
[14]庄须叶,王浚璞,邓勇刚,等.光纤传感技术在管道泄漏检测中的应用与进展[J].光学技术,2011,37(5):543-550.ZHUANG X Y,WANG J P,DENG Y G,et al.Optical fiber sensing technologies for pipeline leakage detection[J].Optical Technique,2011,37(5):543-550.
[15]董绍华,韩忠晨,杨毅,等.物联网技术在管道完整性管理中的应用[J].油气储运,2012,31(12):906-911.DONG S H,HAN Z C,YANG Y,et al.The application of Internet of Things technology in the integrity management of pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(12):906-911.
[16]董绍华,韩忠晨,杨毅,等.管线阴极保护在线监测评价系统的研究进展[J].材料保护,2010,43(9):50-53.DONG S H,HAN Z C,YANG Y,et al.Research development of on-line monitoring and assessment system for cathodic protection of pipelines[J].Materials Protection,2010,43(9):50-53.
[17]王立坤,王洪超,熊敏,等.长距离输油管道泄漏监测技术分析及研究建议[J].油气储运,2014,33(11):1198-1201.WANG L K,WANG H C,XIONG M,et al.Analysis and proposal on leak detection of long-distance oil pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(11):1198-1201.
[18]黄建忠,杨永和,刘伟,等.穿越地震断裂带的管道安全监测预警系统[J].天然气工业,2013,33(12):151-157.HUANG J Z,YANG Y H,LIU W,et al.A safety monitoring and early-warning system for buried pipelines crossing seismic fault belts[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(12):151-157.
[19]吕高峰,王克强,王晓霖,等.一种穿越水域地下管道的监测方法:CN201310540440.1[P].2013-11-05.LYU G F,WANG K Q,WANG X L,et al.A monitoring method for underground pipelines through the waters:CN201310540440.1[P].2013-11-05.
[20]何莎,彭星煜,吴云冬,等.天然气管道滑坡位移监测技术及应用[J].中国测试,2016,42(9):15-20.HE S,PENG X Y,WU Y D,et al.Technology for landslide displacement monitoring along gas pipeline and application[J].China Measurement&Test,2016,42(9):15-20.
[21]吴家勇,李海娜,王立坤,等.管道泄漏监测系统的性能评价指标[J].油气储运,2017,36(2):209-213.WU J Y,LI H N,WANG L K,et al.Performance evaluation indices of pipeline leak monitoring systems[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(2):209-213.
[22]任亮,程祥,姜涛.基于光纤光栅应变箍传感器的管道局部腐蚀监测[J].油气储运,2017,36(3):303-309.REN L,CHENG X,JIANG T.Local pipeline corrosion monitoring based on FBG hoop strain sensor[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(3):303-309.