穿越地震断裂带的管道安全监测预警系统
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摘要
对穿越地震断裂带的油气管道实施安全监测有助于保证管道的安全运行,最大限度地避免重大灾难性事故的发生。为此,从地震断裂带对穿越其中油气管道的安全影响入手,简要分析了地震断裂带的管道受力特点和国内外管道地震监测技术的发展动态,建立了穿越地震断裂带的管道安全监测预警系统。该系统兼顾灾害的主、客体,分别对致灾体和承灾体实施监测,监测预警系统由监测传感、数据采集与传输、数据管理与处理和预警信息发布4个子系统构成,采用先进的传感元件,通过北斗卫星和GPRS双信道的通信模式实现数据传输,再由计算和分析软件完成数据处理和分析,自动评价局部管道的安全状态,并在异常时发布预警。同时还详细介绍了各子系统的功能特点以及该系统在国内输气干线某主要地震断裂带上的监测预警效果。现场应用效果表明,管道安全监测预警系统获取的大量管道工作状态参数能够为穿越地震断裂带的管道安全保护提供科学依据。
The implementation of safety monitoring on oil and gas pipelines crossing seismic fault belts contributes a lot to pipeline protection against insecurity and any potential catastrophic incidents.Starting with the safety influence analysis of seismic fault belts on oil and gas pipelines,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the force acted on pipelines and development of domestic and overseas earthquake monitoring technologies,and presents a safety monitoring and early warning system for pipelines crossing seismic fault belts.This system gives consideration to both the subject and object of geological disasters,and monitors disaster-causing and disaster-bearing bodies.Its subsystems include surveillance sensors,data acquisition and transmission,data management and processing,and early warning information release.Data acquired by advanced sensing elements is transmitted by Beidou Satellites or GPRS,then processed and analyzed with calculation and analysis software,thus,the safety status of local pipelines can be evaluated automatically and finally early warnings will be issued when necessary.Furthermore,a detailed introduction is made to the structure of this system,function and characteristics of its subsystems,and the effect of this system applied in a domestic gas trunk-line crossing the major seismic fault belt.On-site application shows that this system obtains a large number of operating parameters providing the scientific basis for safe operation of oil and gas pipelines.
The implementation of safety monitoring on oil and gas pipelines crossing seismic fault belts contributes a lot to pipeline protection against insecurity and any potential catastrophic incidents.Starting with the safety influence analysis of seismic fault belts on oil and gas pipelines,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the force acted on pipelines and development of domestic and overseas earthquake monitoring technologies,and presents a safety monitoring and early warning system for pipelines crossing seismic fault belts.This system gives consideration to both the subject and object of geological disasters,and monitors disaster-causing and disaster-bearing bodies.Its subsystems include surveillance sensors,data acquisition and transmission,data management and processing,and early warning information release.Data acquired by advanced sensing elements is transmitted by Beidou Satellites or GPRS,then processed and analyzed with calculation and analysis software,thus,the safety status of local pipelines can be evaluated automatically and finally early warnings will be issued when necessary.Furthermore,a detailed introduction is made to the structure of this system,function and characteristics of its subsystems,and the effect of this system applied in a domestic gas trunk-line crossing the major seismic fault belt.On-site application shows that this system obtains a large number of operating parameters providing the scientific basis for safe operation of oil and gas pipelines.
引文
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[11]张素灵,许建东,曹华明,等.地震断层作用对地下输油(气)管道破坏的分析[J].地震地质,2001,23(3):432-437.ZHANG Suling,XU Jiandong,CAO Huaming,et al.An analysis of destruction of buried oil and gas pipelines under effect of seismic faults[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(3):432-437.
[12]朱庆杰,陈艳华,蒋录珍.场地和断层对埋地管道破坏的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2392-2395.ZHU Qingjie,CHEN Yanhua,JIANG Luzhen.An analysis of buried oil and gas pipelines destruction under effect of seismic faults and sites[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2392-2395.
[13]蒋录珍,朱庆杰.跨断层地下管道破坏的数值模拟[J].福州大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(增刊):321-324.JIANG Luzhen,ZHU Qingjie.Numerical simulation of underground pipelines destruction through seismic faults[J].Journal of Fuzhou University:Natural Sciences Edtion,2005,33(Suppl.):321-324.
[14]林均岐,胡明祎,申选召.跨越断层埋地管线地震反应数值分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(3):186-192.LIN Junqi,HU Mingyi,SHEN Xuanzhao.Numerical analysis of underground pipelines through seismic faults[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(3):186-192.
[15]胡明袆,林均岐,李祚华,等.跨越断层埋地管线地震反应研究述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):159-163.HU Mingyi,LIN Junqi,LI Zuohua,et al.Seismic response research and comment of underground pipelines through seismic faults[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):159-163.
[16]刘爱文,张素灵,胡聿贤,等.地震断层作用下埋地管线的反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(2):22-27.LIU Aiwen,ZHANG Suling,HU Yuxian,et al.An response analysis of buried pipelines under the action of earthquake fault[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(2):22-27.
[17]BABAZADE O B,BABAZADE N O,GRIESSER L,et al.Dynamic prediction and earthquake monitoring-one of possible approaches to decrease the risk for oil and gas pipeline[C]∥The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,12-17October 2008,Beijing,China.Beijing:World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,2008.
[18]SHIMIZU Y,YAMAZAKI F,YASUDA S,et al.Development of real-time safety control system for urban gas supply network[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2006,132(2):237-249.
[19]HALL W J,NYMAN D J,JOHNSON E R,et al.Performance of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline in the November3,2002Denali Fault Earthquake[C]∥The Sixth U.S.Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering(TCLEE),10-13August 2003.Long Beach,California,USA.Long Beach:American Society of Civil Engineers,2003.
[20]李志勇,王福胜,许砚新.冀宁管道工程断裂带抗震设计简介[J].科技交流,2006,10:69-71.LI Zhiyong,WANG Fusheng,XU Yanxin.Introduction of seismic design of Jining Pipeline Project[J].China Investigation&Design,2006,10:69-71.
[21]朱永辉.基于北斗卫星的地质灾害实时监测系统研究与应用[D].北京:清华大学,2010.ZHU Yonghui.The real-time monitoring system for geological disasters based on compass satellite system[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2010.
[22]陈立辉.基于北斗卫星和GPRS双信道通信的水雨情自动测报系统设计与实现[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2012.CHEN Lihui.Design and implementation of automatic monitoring system of water and rainfall based on Beidou satellite and GPRS dual communication channel[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2012.
[2]康向阳,张彬,慎乃齐,等.西气东输工程甘肃段地质灾害发育特征及防治对策[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(4):38-42.KANG Xiangyang,ZHANG Bin,SHEN Naiqi,et al.Development characteristics and control measures of geological hazards in Gansu part of West-East Gas Pipeline[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2009,20(4):38-42.
[3]赵应奎.西气东输工程管道线路地质灾害及其防治对策[J].天然气与石油,2002,20(1):45-47.ZHAO Yingkui.Geological hazards and control measures of West-East Gas Pipeline[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2002,20(1):45-47.
[4]马思平,张宏,魏萍,等.靖边气田在役天然气管线完整性管理体系的建立[J].石油与天然气化工,2011,40(4):424-428.MA Siping,ZHANG Hong,WEI Ping,et al.Establishment of integrality management system for natural gas pipeline in service in Jingbian Gas Field[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2011,40(4):424-428.
[5]王毅辉,李勇,蒋蓉,等.中国石油西南油气田公司管道完整性管理研究与实践[J].天然气工业,2013,33(3):78-83.WANG Yihui,LI Yong,JIANG Rong,et al.Research and practices of the integrity management of gas pipeline operated by PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(3):78-83.
[6]袁树海,宋彬,李范书,等.安全完整性等级SIL应用研究与实践[J].石油与天然气化工,2012,41(1):107-109.YUAN Shuhai,SONG Bin,LI Fanshu,et al.Application research and practice of safety integrity level[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2012,41(1):107-109.
[7]姚安林,赵忠刚,李又绿,等.油气管道完整性管理技术的发展趋势[J].天然气工业,2009,29(8):97-100.YAO Anlin,ZHAO Zhonggang,LI Youlü,et al.The developing trend of oil and gas pipeline integrity management[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(8):97-100.
[8]董绍华.四维管理是管道完整性管理发展的必然趋势[J].天然气工业,2007,27(12):147-151.DONG Shaohua.The four-dimensional management is the inevitable trend of pipeline integrity management[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(12):147-151.
[9]么惠全,冯伟,张照旭,等.西气东输一线管道地质灾害风险监测预警体系[J].天然气工业,2012,32(1):81-84.YAO Huiquan,FENG Wei,ZHANG Zhaoxu,et al.A Monitoring and early warning system for geological hazards in the Line One of the West-East Gas Pipeline[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(1):81-84.
[10]刘建平,付立武,郝建斌,等.长输油气管道地震监测预警的应用与技术[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(2):176-181.LIU Jianping,FU Liwu,HAO Jianbin,et al.Application and technology of earthquake monitoring and warming system of long distance oil and gas pipelines[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(2):176-181.
[11]张素灵,许建东,曹华明,等.地震断层作用对地下输油(气)管道破坏的分析[J].地震地质,2001,23(3):432-437.ZHANG Suling,XU Jiandong,CAO Huaming,et al.An analysis of destruction of buried oil and gas pipelines under effect of seismic faults[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(3):432-437.
[12]朱庆杰,陈艳华,蒋录珍.场地和断层对埋地管道破坏的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2392-2395.ZHU Qingjie,CHEN Yanhua,JIANG Luzhen.An analysis of buried oil and gas pipelines destruction under effect of seismic faults and sites[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2392-2395.
[13]蒋录珍,朱庆杰.跨断层地下管道破坏的数值模拟[J].福州大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(增刊):321-324.JIANG Luzhen,ZHU Qingjie.Numerical simulation of underground pipelines destruction through seismic faults[J].Journal of Fuzhou University:Natural Sciences Edtion,2005,33(Suppl.):321-324.
[14]林均岐,胡明祎,申选召.跨越断层埋地管线地震反应数值分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(3):186-192.LIN Junqi,HU Mingyi,SHEN Xuanzhao.Numerical analysis of underground pipelines through seismic faults[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(3):186-192.
[15]胡明袆,林均岐,李祚华,等.跨越断层埋地管线地震反应研究述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):159-163.HU Mingyi,LIN Junqi,LI Zuohua,et al.Seismic response research and comment of underground pipelines through seismic faults[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):159-163.
[16]刘爱文,张素灵,胡聿贤,等.地震断层作用下埋地管线的反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(2):22-27.LIU Aiwen,ZHANG Suling,HU Yuxian,et al.An response analysis of buried pipelines under the action of earthquake fault[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(2):22-27.
[17]BABAZADE O B,BABAZADE N O,GRIESSER L,et al.Dynamic prediction and earthquake monitoring-one of possible approaches to decrease the risk for oil and gas pipeline[C]∥The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,12-17October 2008,Beijing,China.Beijing:World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,2008.
[18]SHIMIZU Y,YAMAZAKI F,YASUDA S,et al.Development of real-time safety control system for urban gas supply network[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2006,132(2):237-249.
[19]HALL W J,NYMAN D J,JOHNSON E R,et al.Performance of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline in the November3,2002Denali Fault Earthquake[C]∥The Sixth U.S.Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering(TCLEE),10-13August 2003.Long Beach,California,USA.Long Beach:American Society of Civil Engineers,2003.
[20]李志勇,王福胜,许砚新.冀宁管道工程断裂带抗震设计简介[J].科技交流,2006,10:69-71.LI Zhiyong,WANG Fusheng,XU Yanxin.Introduction of seismic design of Jining Pipeline Project[J].China Investigation&Design,2006,10:69-71.
[21]朱永辉.基于北斗卫星的地质灾害实时监测系统研究与应用[D].北京:清华大学,2010.ZHU Yonghui.The real-time monitoring system for geological disasters based on compass satellite system[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2010.
[22]陈立辉.基于北斗卫星和GPRS双信道通信的水雨情自动测报系统设计与实现[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2012.CHEN Lihui.Design and implementation of automatic monitoring system of water and rainfall based on Beidou satellite and GPRS dual communication channel[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2012.