管道水联运中气的危害与防治措施
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摘要
管道水联运过程中,干线管道落差大、站内工艺管道注水排气不彻底以及经常性停输将导致离心泵入口管道聚集大量气体,从而引起泵气蚀或气缚,造成全线停输或泵损坏等严重事故。在输油泵站水联运初期,气缚为主要危害形式。中缅原油管道水联运投产初期,马德首站和新康丹泵站输油泵气缚故障处理的经验表明,仅仅通过启泵前灌泵不能根除气缚危害,需要多措并举,持续排气,直到管道系统平稳运行。提出的气的防治措施可保障人员及设备安全,可为长输管道水联运提供一定的理论基础及经验指导。
During the process of pipeline water multimodal transport, gas will be gathered in abundance in the inlet pipeline of the centrifugal pump due to the large fluctuation of the main pipeline,incomplete venting of process pipeline water injection in stations and frequent pipeline shutdown,which cause pump cavitation or air bind and result in grave accidents such as whole pipeline shutdown or pump damage.During the early days of the water multimodal transport in oil transportation pump stations,air bind is the main damaging form. In the initial stage of the water multimodal transport in China and Myanmar Crude Oil Pipeline, the fault handling examples in Made Initial Station and Sinkontai Pump Station show that only through the pump priming before pump actuating cannot eliminate air bind.More measures and continuous venting are necessary before the pipeline system works smoothly. The proposed control measures for gas can protect the safety of personnel and equipments and provide certain theoretical basis and experience guidance for the water multimodal transport of long-distance pipelines.
During the process of pipeline water multimodal transport, gas will be gathered in abundance in the inlet pipeline of the centrifugal pump due to the large fluctuation of the main pipeline,incomplete venting of process pipeline water injection in stations and frequent pipeline shutdown,which cause pump cavitation or air bind and result in grave accidents such as whole pipeline shutdown or pump damage.During the early days of the water multimodal transport in oil transportation pump stations,air bind is the main damaging form. In the initial stage of the water multimodal transport in China and Myanmar Crude Oil Pipeline, the fault handling examples in Made Initial Station and Sinkontai Pump Station show that only through the pump priming before pump actuating cannot eliminate air bind.More measures and continuous venting are necessary before the pipeline system works smoothly. The proposed control measures for gas can protect the safety of personnel and equipments and provide certain theoretical basis and experience guidance for the water multimodal transport of long-distance pipelines.
引文
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[2]李艳.离心泵的气蚀、气缚现象与振动[J].青海石油,2011,29(2):103-105.
[3]张硕磊,丁明.浅析工艺生产中离心泵的气蚀[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2013,10(19):119.
[4]王铭勋,焦士芸.离心泵的气缚现象与防止方法[J].天津化工,1989,9(1):52-55.
[5]黄春芳.石油管道输送技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2008:249-253.
[6]MENON E S.Liquid pipeline hydraulics[M].2nd ed.New York:Marcel Dekker Inc,2004:148-150.
[7]牟介刚.离心泵现代设计方法研究和工程实现[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005:38-44.
[8]杨筱蘅.输油管道设计与管理[M].2版.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:26-30.
[9]AR Budris.Impact of cavitation,air on centrifugal pump performance[J].Water World,2009,25(6):7-9.