螺旋流起旋器内部流场水力特性数值模拟与验证
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摘要
为了有效解决低压平直管道在田间长距离调水中泥沙淤积问题,该文设计了一种螺旋流起旋装置:螺旋流起旋器。与传统的起旋装置相比,螺旋流起旋器的导叶被固定在与管道保持同心状态的料筒外壁面。该文基于RNG k-ε湍流模型,采用Fluent 12.0对不同导叶长度条件下螺旋流起旋器内部流场水力特性进行了非定常数值模拟,并将模拟值与试验值对比分析,结果表明:螺旋流起旋器内部流场模拟值与试验值基本吻合,且流速场和压力场的最大相对误差分别不超过6.4%和1.3%,进一步表明采用Fluent数值模拟求解螺旋流起旋器内部流场是可行的;随着导叶长度的增加,螺旋流起旋器下游流场的轴向流速的影响区域将逐渐减小,而径向流速、周向流速及涡量的影响区域将逐渐增大;螺旋流起旋器能耗损失与起旋效率均随着导叶长度的增加呈现出增大的变化趋势;螺旋流起旋器内部流场涡量主要分布于料筒近壁面、导叶近壁面及螺旋流起旋器的下游流场。该研究不仅为螺旋流起旋器的设计与优化提供了参考依据,同时还为进一步完善管道螺旋流长距离输固理论提供了坚实的理论基础。
Low-pressure straight pipeline was usually used to transport sediment-laden flow in the traditional field irrigation. Sediment deposition often triggered pipe blockage and affected normal run of the fluid-conveying pipeline. In order to effectively solve the problem of pipe blockage caused by sediment deposition during a long-distance inter-field water transfer process of the low-pressure straight pipeline, this paper designed a kind of spiral flow generating device: A hydro-spiral generator. Compared with the traditional spiral flow generating device, the guide vanes were fixed on the exterior surface of the barrel which always maintained concentric with the fluid-conveying pipeline. The hydro-spiral generator works by producing reverse resistance and vertical lift on the fluid under the action of the guide vanes, and forming a stable velocity circulation and a spiral flow of uniform vortex strength within the pipeline. The supports made it more flexible to arrange the hydro-spiral generator at any position and greatly enhanced the intensity and scope of continuous generating spiral, which was significant in improving irrigation efficiency of sediment-laden flow in the field irrigation. In order to rationally design structural parameters of the hydro-spiral generator, a geometrical model of the hydro-spiral generator with different guide vane lengths was established by using Auto CAD(computer aided design) software. Based on RNG k-ε turbulent model and PISO algorithm, hydraulic characteristics such as the axial velocity, the radial velocity, the circumferential velocity, the pressure and the vorticity magnitude inside the hydro-spiral generator having different guide vane lengths were investigated numerically with three-dimensional unsteady calculation by using the commercial Fluent 12.0 software. At the same time, the spiral generating efficiency was deduced to further analyze the effects of the guide vane length on spiral generating capability. The hydraulic characteristics of internal flow field were studied by using model tests inside the hydro-spiral generators with guide vane lengths of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 m respectively. The barrel was 0.1 m long with an outside diameter of 0.05 m, and structure parameters of the guide vane were 0.01 m for height and 30° for placement angle. The seven-port point gauge, pressure sensors and standard dynamic pressure collection box were used to measure flow velocity and pressure distributions at the typical sections, and the simulated values were compared with the experimental values. The results showed that the simulated values of internal flow field in the hydro-spiral generator were in good agreement with the experimental values, and the maximum relative errors of the flow velocity field and the pressure field did not exceed 6.4% and 1.3% respectively, which further indicated that it was feasible for solving hydraulic characteristics of internal flow field inside the hydro-spiral generator using the commercial Fluent 12.0 software. As the length of the guide vane increased, the affected areas of the axial velocity gradually decreased, while the affected areas of the radial velocity, the circumferential velocity and the vorticity magnitude gradually increased at the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator. With the increase of guide vane length, the energy losses caused by the hydro-spiral generator showed an increasing trend. There was an obvious low pressure zone at the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator, and then the pressure again rose along the downstream direction of the fluid-conveying pipeline. The vorticity magnitude of the hydro-spiral generator was mainly distributed in the near-wall areas of the barrel near the entrance to the cyclical slit flow, the near-wall areas of the guide vanes and the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator. As the increase of guide vane length, the spiral generating efficiency of the hydro-spiral generator gradually increased. The study of this paper not only provides references for further designation and optimization of the hydro-spiral generator, but also improves comprehensive theoretical basis for further perfecting the theories of long-distance solid transportation and the technologies of spiral flow solid transportation.
Low-pressure straight pipeline was usually used to transport sediment-laden flow in the traditional field irrigation. Sediment deposition often triggered pipe blockage and affected normal run of the fluid-conveying pipeline. In order to effectively solve the problem of pipe blockage caused by sediment deposition during a long-distance inter-field water transfer process of the low-pressure straight pipeline, this paper designed a kind of spiral flow generating device: A hydro-spiral generator. Compared with the traditional spiral flow generating device, the guide vanes were fixed on the exterior surface of the barrel which always maintained concentric with the fluid-conveying pipeline. The hydro-spiral generator works by producing reverse resistance and vertical lift on the fluid under the action of the guide vanes, and forming a stable velocity circulation and a spiral flow of uniform vortex strength within the pipeline. The supports made it more flexible to arrange the hydro-spiral generator at any position and greatly enhanced the intensity and scope of continuous generating spiral, which was significant in improving irrigation efficiency of sediment-laden flow in the field irrigation. In order to rationally design structural parameters of the hydro-spiral generator, a geometrical model of the hydro-spiral generator with different guide vane lengths was established by using Auto CAD(computer aided design) software. Based on RNG k-ε turbulent model and PISO algorithm, hydraulic characteristics such as the axial velocity, the radial velocity, the circumferential velocity, the pressure and the vorticity magnitude inside the hydro-spiral generator having different guide vane lengths were investigated numerically with three-dimensional unsteady calculation by using the commercial Fluent 12.0 software. At the same time, the spiral generating efficiency was deduced to further analyze the effects of the guide vane length on spiral generating capability. The hydraulic characteristics of internal flow field were studied by using model tests inside the hydro-spiral generators with guide vane lengths of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 m respectively. The barrel was 0.1 m long with an outside diameter of 0.05 m, and structure parameters of the guide vane were 0.01 m for height and 30° for placement angle. The seven-port point gauge, pressure sensors and standard dynamic pressure collection box were used to measure flow velocity and pressure distributions at the typical sections, and the simulated values were compared with the experimental values. The results showed that the simulated values of internal flow field in the hydro-spiral generator were in good agreement with the experimental values, and the maximum relative errors of the flow velocity field and the pressure field did not exceed 6.4% and 1.3% respectively, which further indicated that it was feasible for solving hydraulic characteristics of internal flow field inside the hydro-spiral generator using the commercial Fluent 12.0 software. As the length of the guide vane increased, the affected areas of the axial velocity gradually decreased, while the affected areas of the radial velocity, the circumferential velocity and the vorticity magnitude gradually increased at the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator. With the increase of guide vane length, the energy losses caused by the hydro-spiral generator showed an increasing trend. There was an obvious low pressure zone at the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator, and then the pressure again rose along the downstream direction of the fluid-conveying pipeline. The vorticity magnitude of the hydro-spiral generator was mainly distributed in the near-wall areas of the barrel near the entrance to the cyclical slit flow, the near-wall areas of the guide vanes and the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator. As the increase of guide vane length, the spiral generating efficiency of the hydro-spiral generator gradually increased. The study of this paper not only provides references for further designation and optimization of the hydro-spiral generator, but also improves comprehensive theoretical basis for further perfecting the theories of long-distance solid transportation and the technologies of spiral flow solid transportation.
引文
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[2]周和平,张明义,周琪,等.新疆地区农业灌溉水利用系数分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(22):100-107.Zhou Heping,Zhang Mingyi,Zhou Qi,et al.Analysis of agricultural irrigation water-using coefficient in Xinjiang arid region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(22):100-107.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Lim S,Wasan D.Structural disjoining pressure induced solid particle removal from solid substrates using nanofluids[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2017,500(8):96-104.
[4]薛百文,杨世春,杨胜强.螺旋流的形成方式及各种起旋装置的对比分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2005,46(2):98-100,104.Xue Baiwen,Yang Shichun,Yang Shengqiang.Comparison and analysis of all kinds of spiral flow generator and the ways of generating spiral flow[J].Mechanical Engineering&Automation,2005,46(2):98-100,104.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]李永业,孙西欢,王锐.起旋器内部的流速场和涡量场特性[J].排灌机械工程学报,2011,29(2):155-159.Li Yongye,Sun Xihuan,Wang Rui.Characteristics of velocity field and vorticity field in generator[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2011,29(2):155-159.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Zhou J W,Du C L,Liu S Y,et al.Comparison of three types of swirling generators in coarse particle pneumatic conveying using CFD-DEM simulation[J].Powder Technology,2016,301(11):1309-1320.
[7]Javadzadegan A,Fakhim B,Behnia M,et al.Fluid-structure interaction investigation of spiral flow in a model of abdominal aortic aneurysm[J].European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids,2014,46(4):109-117
[8]孙西欢,孙雪岚,赵运革,等.圆管螺旋流局部起旋器与出口段流速分布[J].太原理工大学学报,2003,34(2):122-125.Sun Xihuan,Sun Xuelan,Zhao Yunge,et al.Experimental research on the local generator and the outlet velocity distribution of spiral flow in circular pipe[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2003,34(2):122-125.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]孙雪岚.局部起旋器的流场特性研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2003.Sun Xuelan.Research on the Characteristics of Flow Field of the Local Generator[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan university of Technology,2003.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]兰雅梅,孙西欢,霍德敏.圆管螺旋流的三维数值模拟[J].太原理工大学学报,2001,32(3):255-259.Lan Yamei,Sun Xihuan,Huo Demin.Numerical simulation of the 3D spiral flow in girallar pipe[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2001,32(3):255-259.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Lu X,Yu X F,Qu Z M,et al.Experimental investigation on thermoelectric generator with non-uniform hot-side heat exchanger for waste heat recovery[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2017,150(10):403-414.
[12]张少峰,张伟,刘燕,等.起旋器对水平液固循环流化床颗粒分布的影响[J].河北工业大学学报,2009,38(2):69-73.Zhang Shaofeng,Zhang Wei,Liu Yan,et al.Effects of the spiral flow generator on particles distribution in liquid-solid horizontal circulating fluidized bed[J].Journal of Hebei University of Technology,2009,38(2):69-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Medrano J A,Tasdemir M,Gallucci F,et al.On the internal solids circulation rates in freely-bubbling gas-solid fluidized beds[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2017,172(11):395-406.
[14]林愉,李松,许睿,等.圆管螺旋流局部起旋器的阻力损失和起旋效率研究[J].管道技术与设备,2008,25(6):4-5,19.Lin Yu,Li Song,Xu Rui,et al.Study of resistance loss and rotation efficiency of spiral pipe flow generator[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2008,25(6):4-5,19.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]崔宝玲,吕子强,陈德胜,等.起旋器入射角度对旋进旋涡流量计性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):53-57.Cui Baoling,LüZiqiang,Chen Desheng,et al.Influence of incident angle of swirler on performance of swirl meter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(2):53-57.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]强浩明,孙西欢.不同导叶包角圆管螺旋流起旋器出口流速场的试验研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(5):154-156.Qiang Haoming,Sun Xihuan.Experimental research on the outlet velocity of the spiral flow generator in circular pipe with the different setting angle of guide[J].SCI-Tech Information Development&Economy,2006,16(5):154-156.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Liu Y,Zhang S F,Zhang W,et al.Study on particles distribution characteristics through a circulation fluidized bed with the spiral flow generator[J].Energy Procedia,2012,14(6):1111-1116.
[18]韩喜俊.局部起旋装置流场特性及能耗效率研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2004.Han Xijun.Research on the Characteristics of Flow Field&Energy Consumption and Effectiveness of the Local Generator[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]张仙娥,孙西欢,周孝德.沿程起旋式螺旋管流阻力研究[J].水力发电学报,2003,36(4):83-87.Zhang Xiane,Sun Xihuan,Zhou Xiaode.Research on the resistance of the spiral pipe flow with continuous rotation[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2003,36(4):83-87.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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