基于减小有效长度的旋动射流混药器结构参数优化
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摘要
旋动射流混药器的主要组成部件是收缩管和扩散管,当收缩度和扩散度确定后,混药器有效长度的影响因素即为收缩管的收缩角、混合管长度和扩散管的扩散角。该文采用三因素三水平正交试验分析收缩角(19?、22?和25?)、混合管长度(20、12和8 mm)和扩散角(10?、14?和18?)对旋动射流混药器有效长度的影响。结果发现:3因素的P值分别为0.206、0.004和0.025,混合管长度对旋动射流混药器混合均匀性影响最显著,其次是扩散管扩散角,而收缩管收缩角对混药器混合均匀性没有显著影响;通过对测试的混药器在线混合采集图像均方根误差分析,发现在保证对脂溶性农药均匀混合的前提下,旋动射流混药器有效长度值可为69 mm,此时收缩角为25?,混合管长度为20 mm,扩散角为18?,分流器采用切向进流。
The pesticide solutions include both fat soluble and water soluble. The permeability of fat soluble pesticides is greater than that of water soluble pesticides. So its infiltration effect is better than that of water soluble pesticides. It is necessary to break up the oil into a fine oil bead by the intense mechanical agitation when fat soluble pesticide mixed with water. However, the emulsion oil droplet dispersion degree is not high. During the storage period, it is very easy to produce oil beads and break the emulsion, and after that, it's hard to recover. Inline mixed pesticides can reduce the harm of pesticides to operators, the environment, and non-target organisms. At present, the mixed pesticide is mainly mixed with water soluble pesticides. It is difficult to study the inline mixing of fat soluble pesticides due to their insolubility in water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective length of the mixer under the condition of uniform mixing of fat soluble pesticide(rapeseed oil). Comparative analysis was made for the different diffusion angle, different injection methods, different contraction angle, and different mixing tube length. The main components of swirling jet mixer were shrink tube and diffuser. When the shrinkage and diffusivity were determined, the influencing factors of the effective length of the mixer were the contraction angle, the length of the mixing tube and the diffusion angle of the diffuser. Structure parameters of the mixer were optimized by orthogonal experiments with three factors and three levels, including the contraction angles of 19°, 22° and 25°, the mixing tube length of 20, 12 and 8 mm, and the diffusion angle of 10°, 14° and 18°. To confirm the content of the study, the experiments were conducted in which the fluorescent tracers were mixed with the pesticides to enable the camera to track the mixing process in the transparent chamber. According to different physical and chemical properties of pesticides, rapeseed oil was used as substitute for fat soluble pesticide, and it was added with oily fluorescent agent LUYOR-6100. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the probabilities of the three factors were 0.206, 0.004, and 0.025, respectively. The mixing tube length of swirling jet mixer for mixing uniformity was the most significant, followed by diffusion tube diffusion angle, no significant effect was the contraction angle shrink tube. The order of the three levels of the contraction angle of the contraction tube on mixing uniformity was 25°, 19°, and 22°. The order of the three levels of the mixing tube length on mixing uniformity was 20 mm, 12 mm, and 8 mm. The order of the three levels of the diffusion tube diffusion angle on mixing uniformity was 18°, 14°, and 10°. On the premise of fat soluble pesticide mixing, the effective length of the swirling jet mixer of 25°, 20 mm, and 18° was relatively short. The mix combination of 25°, 20 mm, and 18° was better because its effective length was shorter in the realization of fat soluble pesticide(rapeseed oil) uniform mixing. Its effective length is 69 mm, the contraction angle is 25°, the mixing tube length is 20 mm and the diffusion angle is 18°. In conclusion, swirling jet mixing device 252018(25°, 20 mm, and 18°) can be used as a shorter mixing device structure in the experiments of studying the adaptability of the sprayer and nozzle structures.
The pesticide solutions include both fat soluble and water soluble. The permeability of fat soluble pesticides is greater than that of water soluble pesticides. So its infiltration effect is better than that of water soluble pesticides. It is necessary to break up the oil into a fine oil bead by the intense mechanical agitation when fat soluble pesticide mixed with water. However, the emulsion oil droplet dispersion degree is not high. During the storage period, it is very easy to produce oil beads and break the emulsion, and after that, it's hard to recover. Inline mixed pesticides can reduce the harm of pesticides to operators, the environment, and non-target organisms. At present, the mixed pesticide is mainly mixed with water soluble pesticides. It is difficult to study the inline mixing of fat soluble pesticides due to their insolubility in water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective length of the mixer under the condition of uniform mixing of fat soluble pesticide(rapeseed oil). Comparative analysis was made for the different diffusion angle, different injection methods, different contraction angle, and different mixing tube length. The main components of swirling jet mixer were shrink tube and diffuser. When the shrinkage and diffusivity were determined, the influencing factors of the effective length of the mixer were the contraction angle, the length of the mixing tube and the diffusion angle of the diffuser. Structure parameters of the mixer were optimized by orthogonal experiments with three factors and three levels, including the contraction angles of 19°, 22° and 25°, the mixing tube length of 20, 12 and 8 mm, and the diffusion angle of 10°, 14° and 18°. To confirm the content of the study, the experiments were conducted in which the fluorescent tracers were mixed with the pesticides to enable the camera to track the mixing process in the transparent chamber. According to different physical and chemical properties of pesticides, rapeseed oil was used as substitute for fat soluble pesticide, and it was added with oily fluorescent agent LUYOR-6100. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the probabilities of the three factors were 0.206, 0.004, and 0.025, respectively. The mixing tube length of swirling jet mixer for mixing uniformity was the most significant, followed by diffusion tube diffusion angle, no significant effect was the contraction angle shrink tube. The order of the three levels of the contraction angle of the contraction tube on mixing uniformity was 25°, 19°, and 22°. The order of the three levels of the mixing tube length on mixing uniformity was 20 mm, 12 mm, and 8 mm. The order of the three levels of the diffusion tube diffusion angle on mixing uniformity was 18°, 14°, and 10°. On the premise of fat soluble pesticide mixing, the effective length of the swirling jet mixer of 25°, 20 mm, and 18° was relatively short. The mix combination of 25°, 20 mm, and 18° was better because its effective length was shorter in the realization of fat soluble pesticide(rapeseed oil) uniform mixing. Its effective length is 69 mm, the contraction angle is 25°, the mixing tube length is 20 mm and the diffusion angle is 18°. In conclusion, swirling jet mixing device 252018(25°, 20 mm, and 18°) can be used as a shorter mixing device structure in the experiments of studying the adaptability of the sprayer and nozzle structures.
引文
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[9]Vondricka J,Lammers P S.Measurement of mixture homogeneity in direct injection systems[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2009,52(1):61-66.
[10]郭敬坤,徐幼林,汪希伟.混药器流体图像采集与分割方法[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(1):83-86.Guo Jingkun,Xu Youlin,Wang Xiwei.Investigation of liquid image processing methods for pesticide mixer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(1):83-86.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Shen Y,Zhu H.Embedded computer controlled premixing inline injection system for air-assisted variable-rate sprayers[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2015,58(1):39-46.
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[13]张敏,范龙,代祥,等.基于BP神经网络的变量喷雾供药系统研究[J].林业工程学报,2017,2(2):133-137.Zhang Min,Fan Long,Dai Xiang,et al.Study on the pesticide-delivery system of variable-rate spraying based on BP neural network[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2017,2(2):133-137.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[15]徐幼林.植保机械混药器及其农药在线混合性能研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2009.Xu Youlin.Study on Mixers for Plant Protection Machinery and Chemical In-Line-Mixing Performance[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]徐幼林,郭敬坤,郑加强.农药在线混合均匀度高速摄影分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(8):75-79.Xu Youlin,Guo Jingkun,Zheng Jiaqiang.Mixing uniformity of chemical and water in direct injection system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(8):75-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]邱白晶,徐溪超,杨宁,等.射流混药装置结构参数对混药性能影响的模拟分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(6):76-79.Qiu Baijing,Xu Xichao,Yang Ning,et al.Simulation analysis of structure parameters of jet-mixing apparatus on jet-mixing performance[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(6):76-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]邱白晶,马靖,邓斌,等.在线混药喷雾系统混药性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(17):78-85.Qiu Baijing,Ma Jing,Deng bin,et al.Experiment on mixing performance of on-line mixing spray system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(17):78-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]周良富,周立新,薛新宇,等.射流式在线混药装置汽蚀特性数值分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):60-65.Zhou Liangfu,Zhou Lixin,Xue Xinyu,et al.Numerical analysis and test on cavitation of jet mixing apparatus[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(7):60-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]袁琦堡,胡炼,罗锡文,等.在线实时混药喷雾系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊1):176-181.Yuan Qibao,Hu Lian,Luo Xiwen,etc.Design and experiment of online mixing spraying system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(Supp.1):176-181.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Sun H,Bai B,Yan J,et al.Single-jet spray mixing with a confined crossflow[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2013,21(1):14-24.
[22]宋海潮,徐幼林,郑加强等.脂溶性农药旋动射流混合机理与混药器流场数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):91-96.Song Haichao,Xu Youlin,Zheng Jiaqiang,et al.Development of swirling jet mixer to apply fat-soluble pesticides through in-line injection spray technology[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):91-96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]宋海潮,徐幼林,郑加强,等.脂溶性农药旋动射流混药器结构分析与混合均匀性试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(23):86-92.Song Haichao,Xu Youlin,Zheng Jiaqiang,et al.Structural analysis and mixing uniformity experiments of swirling jet mixer for applying fat-soluble pesticides[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(23):86-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Chabanon E,Sheibat-Othman N,Mdere O,et al.Drop size distribution monitoring of oil-in-water emulsions in SMX+static mixers:Effect of operating and geometrical conditions[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2017,92:61-69.
[25]华绍曾.实用流体阻力手册[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985.
[26]Steward B L,Humburg D S.Modeling the raven SCS-700chemical injection system with carrier control with sprayer simulation[J].Transactions of the Asae,2000,43(2):231-245.
[27]孙西欢.管道螺旋流输送水力特性研究[M].北京:中国水力水电出版社,2012.
[28]孙淮清,王建中.流量测量节流装置设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[29]陆宏圻.喷射技术理论及应用[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.
[30]董志勇.射流力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[31]卢纹岱,朱红兵.SPSS统计分析(第5版)[M].电子工业出版社,2015.
[32]朱秀昌,刘峰,胡栋.数字图像处理与图像通信[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2002.
[2]姚学坤,赵远艳,石尚,等.水溶性替代农药对茶假眼小绿叶蝉的防效试验[J].茶叶通讯,2016,43(2):41-42.Yao Xuekun,Zhao Yuanyan,Shi Shang,et al.Testing the effect of prevention on the water soluble alternative pesticides for empoasca vitis gothe[J].Journal of Tea Communication,2016,43(2):41-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Elshafei G M S,Elsaid M M,Attia H A E,et al.Environmentally friendly pesticides:essential oil-based w/o/w multiple emulsions for anti-fungal formulations[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2010,31(1):99-106.
[4]赵丰华,任红楼,蒋双丰,等.豫南茶园主要害虫防治药剂筛选研究[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(12):94-97.Zhao Fenghua,Ren Honglou,Jiang Shuangfeng,et al.Screening of main pests insecticides in south henan tea garden[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2014,20(12):94-97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]涵霜.脂溶性农药可降低茶叶农药残留隐患[N/OL].中国农药网,2014-04-04.http://www.agrichem.cn/news/2014/4/4/20144415551318273.shtml
[6]Wang L,Li X,Zhang G,et al.Oil-in-water nanoemulsions for pesticide formulations[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2007,314(1):230-235.
[7]Cho N C,Hwang I J,Lee C M,et al.An experimental study on the airlift pump with air jet nozzle and booster pump[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21(Supp.1):19-23.
[8]Jiri V,Peter S L.Real-time controlled direct injection system for precision farming[J].Precision Agriculture,2009,10(5):421-430.
[9]Vondricka J,Lammers P S.Measurement of mixture homogeneity in direct injection systems[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2009,52(1):61-66.
[10]郭敬坤,徐幼林,汪希伟.混药器流体图像采集与分割方法[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(1):83-86.Guo Jingkun,Xu Youlin,Wang Xiwei.Investigation of liquid image processing methods for pesticide mixer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(1):83-86.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Shen Y,Zhu H.Embedded computer controlled premixing inline injection system for air-assisted variable-rate sprayers[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2015,58(1):39-46.
[12]宋海潮.脂溶性农药旋动射流混药器设计及其混合均匀性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2017.Song Haichao.Study on Swirling Jet Mixer for Applying Fat-Soluble Pesticides and Its Mixing Uniformity[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]张敏,范龙,代祥,等.基于BP神经网络的变量喷雾供药系统研究[J].林业工程学报,2017,2(2):133-137.Zhang Min,Fan Long,Dai Xiang,et al.Study on the pesticide-delivery system of variable-rate spraying based on BP neural network[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2017,2(2):133-137.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]郑加强,徐幼林.精确林业传感技术和无线传感器网络研究进展[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(2):9-16.Zheng Jiaqiang,Xu Youlin.Review and prospect of sensing technologies and wireless sensor networks for precision forestry[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2016,1(2):9-16.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]徐幼林.植保机械混药器及其农药在线混合性能研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2009.Xu Youlin.Study on Mixers for Plant Protection Machinery and Chemical In-Line-Mixing Performance[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]徐幼林,郭敬坤,郑加强.农药在线混合均匀度高速摄影分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(8):75-79.Xu Youlin,Guo Jingkun,Zheng Jiaqiang.Mixing uniformity of chemical and water in direct injection system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(8):75-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]邱白晶,徐溪超,杨宁,等.射流混药装置结构参数对混药性能影响的模拟分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(6):76-79.Qiu Baijing,Xu Xichao,Yang Ning,et al.Simulation analysis of structure parameters of jet-mixing apparatus on jet-mixing performance[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(6):76-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]邱白晶,马靖,邓斌,等.在线混药喷雾系统混药性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(17):78-85.Qiu Baijing,Ma Jing,Deng bin,et al.Experiment on mixing performance of on-line mixing spray system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(17):78-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]周良富,周立新,薛新宇,等.射流式在线混药装置汽蚀特性数值分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):60-65.Zhou Liangfu,Zhou Lixin,Xue Xinyu,et al.Numerical analysis and test on cavitation of jet mixing apparatus[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(7):60-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]袁琦堡,胡炼,罗锡文,等.在线实时混药喷雾系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊1):176-181.Yuan Qibao,Hu Lian,Luo Xiwen,etc.Design and experiment of online mixing spraying system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(Supp.1):176-181.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Sun H,Bai B,Yan J,et al.Single-jet spray mixing with a confined crossflow[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2013,21(1):14-24.
[22]宋海潮,徐幼林,郑加强等.脂溶性农药旋动射流混合机理与混药器流场数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):91-96.Song Haichao,Xu Youlin,Zheng Jiaqiang,et al.Development of swirling jet mixer to apply fat-soluble pesticides through in-line injection spray technology[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):91-96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]宋海潮,徐幼林,郑加强,等.脂溶性农药旋动射流混药器结构分析与混合均匀性试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(23):86-92.Song Haichao,Xu Youlin,Zheng Jiaqiang,et al.Structural analysis and mixing uniformity experiments of swirling jet mixer for applying fat-soluble pesticides[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(23):86-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Chabanon E,Sheibat-Othman N,Mdere O,et al.Drop size distribution monitoring of oil-in-water emulsions in SMX+static mixers:Effect of operating and geometrical conditions[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2017,92:61-69.
[25]华绍曾.实用流体阻力手册[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985.
[26]Steward B L,Humburg D S.Modeling the raven SCS-700chemical injection system with carrier control with sprayer simulation[J].Transactions of the Asae,2000,43(2):231-245.
[27]孙西欢.管道螺旋流输送水力特性研究[M].北京:中国水力水电出版社,2012.
[28]孙淮清,王建中.流量测量节流装置设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[29]陆宏圻.喷射技术理论及应用[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.
[30]董志勇.射流力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[31]卢纹岱,朱红兵.SPSS统计分析(第5版)[M].电子工业出版社,2015.
[32]朱秀昌,刘峰,胡栋.数字图像处理与图像通信[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2002.