含聚丙烯酰胺的管道螺旋流壁面切应力试验
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摘要
为了了解聚丙烯酰胺对管道螺旋流输固能力的影响,搭建了管道试验系统。采用直球头5孔测针和1套水压力测压系统,测量5孔测针测孔内动水压强,计算壁面切应力并构造有效起旋距离参数,评价加入聚丙烯酰胺对管道螺旋流输固能力的影响。试验结果表明:5孔直球头测针实测壁面切应力要比Preston法率定值偏大3%～5%,5孔直球头测针可以测量一维清水管道直流壁面切应力。壁面切应力(周向分量)随着流量的增加而增加,随着流向距离的增加而递减并在某一位置开始线性衰减。加入聚丙烯酰胺(100mg/L)之后,其有效起旋距离(力学指标)提升效果为100%～150%,提升效果随着流量的增加而减小,表明加入少量聚丙烯酰胺能够提升管道螺旋流的输固能力。
For understanding the effect of polyacrylamide on the transport capacity of pipeline spiral flow,an experimental facility of pipeline system is built.5-holes stylus and one pressure measuring system are used to measure the dynamic water pressure of 5 holes stylus.Thus,the wall shear stress is calculated to construct parameters of effective staring distance for evaluating the effect on the transport capacity of pipeline spiral flow after adding polyacrylamide.The results show that the measured wall shear stress is 3%～5% larger than Preston's law rate,then the 5-hole stylus can be used to measure the wall shear stress of 1-D flow.The wall shear stress(circumferential component)increases with the increase of the flow rate,decreases with the increase of the flow direction distance and decreases linearly at a certain position.The effective starting distance(mechanical parameter)increases with the increase of flow rate,and the promoting effect which decreases with the flow rate is 100%～150% after the addition a amount of polyacrylamide.The transport capacity of pipeline spiral flow is improved after adding a small amount of polyacrylamide.
For understanding the effect of polyacrylamide on the transport capacity of pipeline spiral flow,an experimental facility of pipeline system is built.5-holes stylus and one pressure measuring system are used to measure the dynamic water pressure of 5 holes stylus.Thus,the wall shear stress is calculated to construct parameters of effective staring distance for evaluating the effect on the transport capacity of pipeline spiral flow after adding polyacrylamide.The results show that the measured wall shear stress is 3%～5% larger than Preston's law rate,then the 5-hole stylus can be used to measure the wall shear stress of 1-D flow.The wall shear stress(circumferential component)increases with the increase of the flow rate,decreases with the increase of the flow direction distance and decreases linearly at a certain position.The effective starting distance(mechanical parameter)increases with the increase of flow rate,and the promoting effect which decreases with the flow rate is 100%～150% after the addition a amount of polyacrylamide.The transport capacity of pipeline spiral flow is improved after adding a small amount of polyacrylamide.
引文
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[2]向媛,余明辉,魏红艳,等.急弯河道壁面切应力及计算方法研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(2):45-53.(XIANG Yuan,YU Ming-hui,WEI Hong-yan,et al.Caculation method of boundary shear stress in a sharply-curved channel[J].Advanced Engineering Science,2017,49(2):45-53.(in Chinese))
[3]李介普,幺成,李翔.输油管道冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究[J].化工技术与开发,2016,45(6):66-68.(LI Jie-pu,YAO Cheng,LI Xiang.Numeirical simulation investigation on the erosion of oil pipeline[J].Technology&Development of Chemical Industry,2016,45(6):66-68.(in Chinese))
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[8]蔡金德,王韦,方铎.三维水流光滑床面切力的量测与计算[J].泥沙研究,1987(4):45-52.(CAI Jinde,WANG Wei,FANG Ze.Measurement and computation for boundary shear on smooth bed in 3-D flow[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1987(4):45-52.(in Chinese))
[9] Rajaratnam N,Muralidhar D.Yaw probe used as Preston tube[J].The Aeronautical Journal,1968,72:1059-1060.
[10]王韦,蔡金德,吴持恭.三维水流均匀加糙床面切力的量测与计算[J].水利学报,1990,22(5):41-46.(WANG Wei,CAI Jin-de,WU Chi-gong.Measurement and calculation of uniformly roughed bed surface shear force in the three-dimensional flow[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,22(5):41-46.(in Chinese))
[11] Lien S J,Ahmed N A.An examination of suitability of multi-hole pressure probe technique for skin friction measurement in turbulent flow[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2011,22(3):153-164.
[12]张红霞.局部起旋式圆管螺旋流三维湍流的试验研究及数值模拟[D].太原:太原理工大学,2004.(ZHANG Hong-xia.Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of three-dimensional turbulent swiring flow locally generated in circular pipes[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[13]张羽,张仙娥,彭龙生.圆管螺旋流输沙特性试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2005,30(2):34-38.(ZHANG Yu,ZHANG Xian-e,PENG Long-sheng.Experimental study on sediment transportation of spiral flow in pipes[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2005,30(2):34-38.(in Chinese))
[14]武鹏林,彭龙生.螺旋管流输移固粒与起旋器效率[J].太原工业大学学报,1997,28(3):41-44.(WU Peng-lin,PENG Long-sheng.Solid grain transport in the pipe spiral flow and the efficiency of the pipe cyclone[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,1997,28(3):41-44.(in Chinese))
[15]武鹏林.夹沙螺旋管流能耗的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):60-63.(WU Peng-lin.Experimental study on energy gradient of sediment transportation in spiral pipe flow[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2002,18(1):60-63.(in Chinese))
[16]武鹏林,彭龙生.水平圆管中螺旋流的形成与衰减[J].太原工业大学学报,1997,28(4):33-36.(WU Peng-lin,PENG Long-sheng.The formation and the decay of spiral flow in horizontal pipes[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,1997,28(4):33-36.(in Chinese))
[2]向媛,余明辉,魏红艳,等.急弯河道壁面切应力及计算方法研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(2):45-53.(XIANG Yuan,YU Ming-hui,WEI Hong-yan,et al.Caculation method of boundary shear stress in a sharply-curved channel[J].Advanced Engineering Science,2017,49(2):45-53.(in Chinese))
[3]李介普,幺成,李翔.输油管道冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究[J].化工技术与开发,2016,45(6):66-68.(LI Jie-pu,YAO Cheng,LI Xiang.Numeirical simulation investigation on the erosion of oil pipeline[J].Technology&Development of Chemical Industry,2016,45(6):66-68.(in Chinese))
[4] Preston J H.The determination of turbulent skin friction by means of pitot tubes[J].Journal of the Royal Areonational Society,1954,58:109-121.
[5]Head M R,Rechenberg I.The Preston tube as a means of measuring skin friction[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1962,14(1):1-17.
[6] Patel V C.Calibration of Preston tube and limitations on its use in pressure gradients[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1965,23(1):185-208.
[7]郭子中,廖应承,吴文波,等.自制勃莱斯顿(Preston)管的率定及其应用[J].华东水利学院学报,1985,13(4):49-63.(GUO Zi-zhong,LIAO Ying-cheng,WU Wen-bo,et al.Caculation and application of laboratory-manufactured Preston tube[J].Journal of East China Technical University of Water Resources,1985,13(4):49-63.(in Chinese))
[8]蔡金德,王韦,方铎.三维水流光滑床面切力的量测与计算[J].泥沙研究,1987(4):45-52.(CAI Jinde,WANG Wei,FANG Ze.Measurement and computation for boundary shear on smooth bed in 3-D flow[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1987(4):45-52.(in Chinese))
[9] Rajaratnam N,Muralidhar D.Yaw probe used as Preston tube[J].The Aeronautical Journal,1968,72:1059-1060.
[10]王韦,蔡金德,吴持恭.三维水流均匀加糙床面切力的量测与计算[J].水利学报,1990,22(5):41-46.(WANG Wei,CAI Jin-de,WU Chi-gong.Measurement and calculation of uniformly roughed bed surface shear force in the three-dimensional flow[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,22(5):41-46.(in Chinese))
[11] Lien S J,Ahmed N A.An examination of suitability of multi-hole pressure probe technique for skin friction measurement in turbulent flow[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2011,22(3):153-164.
[12]张红霞.局部起旋式圆管螺旋流三维湍流的试验研究及数值模拟[D].太原:太原理工大学,2004.(ZHANG Hong-xia.Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of three-dimensional turbulent swiring flow locally generated in circular pipes[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[13]张羽,张仙娥,彭龙生.圆管螺旋流输沙特性试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2005,30(2):34-38.(ZHANG Yu,ZHANG Xian-e,PENG Long-sheng.Experimental study on sediment transportation of spiral flow in pipes[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2005,30(2):34-38.(in Chinese))
[14]武鹏林,彭龙生.螺旋管流输移固粒与起旋器效率[J].太原工业大学学报,1997,28(3):41-44.(WU Peng-lin,PENG Long-sheng.Solid grain transport in the pipe spiral flow and the efficiency of the pipe cyclone[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,1997,28(3):41-44.(in Chinese))
[15]武鹏林.夹沙螺旋管流能耗的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):60-63.(WU Peng-lin.Experimental study on energy gradient of sediment transportation in spiral pipe flow[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2002,18(1):60-63.(in Chinese))
[16]武鹏林,彭龙生.水平圆管中螺旋流的形成与衰减[J].太原工业大学学报,1997,28(4):33-36.(WU Peng-lin,PENG Long-sheng.The formation and the decay of spiral flow in horizontal pipes[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,1997,28(4):33-36.(in Chinese))